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Procter & Gamble photograph
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Description
Title
Procter
&
Gamble
photograph
Subject
Industries--Ohio--Cincinnati
Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.
Manufacturing industries--Ohio
Assembly lines
Soap factories
Procter & Gamble Company
United States. Work Progress Administration
Time Period
1930s
1940s
Place
Cincinnati (Ohio)
Hamilton County (Ohio)
Description
This
image
shows
towers
at the
Proctor
and
Gamble
plant
in
St
.
Bernard
,
Ohio
, a
suburb
of
Cincinnati
. The
towers
are
emitting
smoke
or
steam
. The
photo's
original
description
reads
: "
Oxydol
towers
at the
St
.
Bernard
Factory
-
Hot
liquid
soap
,
sprayed
into
towers
,
is
puffed
into
round
particles
. The
tiny
beads
of
soap
cool
as they
fall
to the
base
.
Ivory
Snow
,
Dreft
, and
Chipso
granules
are also
made
by a
similar
process.
" The
Procter
&
Gamble
Company
plant
,
located
on
Spring
Grove
Avenue
between
Mill
Creek
and
Township
Avenue
in the
Cincinnati
suburb
of
St
.
Bernard
,
originally
covered
11
acres
in a
section
called
Ivorydale
.
It
was and
still
is
one
of the
largest
soap
manufacturing
plants
in the
world
. The
original
plant
dates
from
about
1885
,
when
P&G
expanded
operations
from its
downtown
location
. The
giant
complex
would
eventually
cover
243
acres
with
120
buildings
,
including
the
43-acre
food
plant
built
in
1911
.
During
the
1930s
the
buildings
were
described
as
being
a
maze
of
utilitarian
gray
stone
buildings
,
interspersed
with
hugged
outdoor
retorts
and
tanks
,
smokestacks
and
railroad
tracks
. The
campus
includes
its
own
fire
station
,
dining
rooms
and
recreational
facilities
.
William
Procter
, a
candlemaker
, and
James
Gamble
, a
soapmaker
,
formed
the
company
known
as
Procter
&
Gamble
in
1837
. The
two
men
,
immigrants
from
England
and
Ireland
respectively
, had
settled
earlier
in
Cincinnati
and had
married
sisters
. The
two
men
decided
to
pool
their
resources
to
form
their
own
company
,
formalizing
the
relationship
on
October
31
,
1837
. The
company
prospered
during
the
nineteenth
century
. In
1859
sales
reached
one
million
dollars
. By this
point
approximately
eighty
employees
worked
for
Procter
&
Gamble
.
During
the
Civil
War
the
company
won
contracts
to
supply
the
Union
army
with
soap
and
candles
. In
addition
to the
increased
profits
experienced
during
the
war
, the
military
contracts
introduced
soldiers
from
all
over
the
country
to
Procter
&
Gamble’s
products
.
After
the
war
was
over
and the
men
returned
home
, they
continued
to
purchase
the
company’s
products
. In the
1880s
,
Procter
&
Gamble
began
to
market
a
new
product
, an
inexpensive
yet
high-quality
soap
called
"
Ivory.
" In the
decades
that
followed
,
Procter
&
Gamble
continued
to
grow
and
evolve
. The
company
became
known
for its
progressive
work
environment
in the
late
nineteenth
century
.
William
Cooper
Procter
,
William
Procter's
grandson
,
established
a
profit-sharing
program
for the
company’s
workforce
in
1887
.
Over
time
the
company
began
to
focus
most
of its
attention
on
soap
,
producing
more
than
thirty
different
types
by the
1890s
.
Procter
&
Gamble
stopped
manufacturing
candles
in
1920
. The
company
began
to
build
factories
in
other
U.S
.
locations
because
the
demand
for
products
had
outgrown
the
capacity
of the
Cincinnati
facilities
. In the
early
1900s
,
Procter
&
Gamble
also
became
known
for its
research
laboratories
,
where
scientists
worked
to
create
new
products
.
Company
leadership
also
pioneered
in the
area
of
market
research
,
investigating
consumer
needs
and
product
appeal
.
Procter
&
Gamble
prospered
throughout
the
twentieth
century
. The
company
diversified
its
products
,
adding
Crisco
, a
shortening
made
of
vegetable
oils
rather
than
animal
fats
(1911)
; "
Tide
"
laundry
detergent
(1946)
; "
Prell
"
shampoo
(1950)
;
“Crest,”
the
first
toothpaste
to
contain
fluoride
(1955)
;
Charmin
toilet
paper
and
other
paper
products
(1957)
; "
Downy
"
fabric
softener
and "
Bounce
"
fabric
softener
sheets
(1960)
; "
Pampers,”
disposable
diapers
,
first
test-marketed
in
1961
.
During
the
last
half
of the
twentieth
century
,
Procter
&
Gamble
acquired
a
number
of
other
companies
that
diversified
its
product
line
and
increased
profits
significantly
:
Folgers
Coffee
,
Norwich
Eaton
Pharmaceuticals
,
Richardson-Vicks
,
Noxell
,
Shulton’s
Old
Spice
,
Max
Factor
, and the
Iams
Company
,
among
others
.
Now
an
international
corporation
,
Procter
&
Gamble
retains
its
headquarters
in
Cincinnati
.
Creator
Works Progress Administration
Date of Original
ca.
1935-1943
Collection
Works
Progress
Administration
,
Ohio
Guide
Photographs
Source
State
Archives
Series
1039
AV
;
Box
3
,
Folder
10
Format
Picture
;
Black-and-white
photograph
Submitting Institution
Ohio Historical Society
Rights
Online access is provided for research purposes only. For rights and reproduction requests or more information, go to
http://www.ohiohistory.org/images/information
Type
StillImage
File Name
AL06401.tif
Image Height
4817
Image Width
4817
File Size
87140732 Bytes
Notes
Copyright
Notes
:
Government
record.
;
Cataloged
:
Yes
Date created
2011-08-05
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