Ohio State journal and Columbus gazette (Columbus, Ohio : 1825), 1834-02-21

              PRINTED AND PUBLISHED JOUTi TWYIAIJLCTII5. AND COLUMBUS GAZETTE. (Two Dollar) Fifty Cents in Advance! (or, Three Dollars at the end of the year TERMS New Scries....IVo. 34, Vol. III. COLUMBUS, ritlDAY, FEBRUARY $1, 1834. Whole Number, 1328. JOURNAL &, G'KTtU. Or THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OHIO, REPORTED FOR The Ohio State Journal. REMARKS OP MR CREED, i)n the House of Representatives, on Saturday evening the 15th inst., on the bill to divorce Jane Kobe Tram Iter husband, William Rabe the motion of Mr dishing, for the indefinite postponement of the bill, boing under consideration. Sir Creed observed, that, as tho ayes anil nues were to be taken upon this question, he conceived it his duty to state briefly the reasons which should induce him to vote fur ihe indefinite postponement of this bill. That laying aside the merits of the case, for he believed it possessed some merits, the only question was, whether, in a legal point of view, the Legislature can take cognizance. The petition stated that the party applicant is now a resident of the Stale ol Pennsylvania, and presonts her petition before this Legislature, praying lor a dissolution of the marriage contract. It has been contended by gentlemen that the residence of the husband is the actual legal residence of the wife; that it has been so decided in the Courts of this Siato; and that consequently she imy file her pe tition wherever her husband enjoys a residence. Although he was disposed to doubt the justice and propriety of such a decision, yet in this case, he was willing, for ihe sake ol argument, to grant it, and would inquire of the committee, whother the complainant could not, with the same propriety, prefer her claim beforo the Supreme Court in order to obtain rel iel? That if the decision is applicable in the one case, it will apply with equal justice to tho other, Ho then cited the statute to show that under the provisions regulating divorce and alimony, all applications for divorce must be made within the county where the complainant actually resides at the time of ma king application; and that the petitioner shall be a resident for two years in the County where such application shall be made, anc at least two years a resident within Ihe Stale next before presenting his or her petition. That the statute was in direct opposition to the decision upon which it is sought to rest this case. It was upon this ground, convinced as he was, that it was a subject clearly coming within the province of the Supreme Court, that he u induced to vote tor the indefinite postpone mcnt of this bill. REPORT Made by Mr Wine, chairman of the com mittee on Schools, in Seunte, Monday, February 17th, 1834.: The standing oommittee oh Schools and Sohflol Lands, to whom was referred so much of his Exoelleucy the Governor's Mes sage ns (elates to common schools, hare had the same under consideration, and respect fully report : That the framers of the Constitution of this State, evidently contemplated the go- nernl diffusion of the blessings of education, by declaring in that instrument that "religion, morality, and knowledge, being es- sentially necessary to the good government and happiness of mankind, schools and the means of instruction shall forever be encouraged by legislative provision." The poople boing the only source of power, it is of the highest importance that tho rising generation should reoeive that moral and intellectual culture, which enlightens thr mind, and elevates the sense of moral obligation, so essentially necessary to qualify them for the discharge of the various social and politioal duties, which must soon devolve upon them. That tho civil and religious liberty, secured to the American people by our republican forms of government, oan only be preserved by extending such a system of education, us exists in some favored parts of the Union, over tho United States genorally, must, we think, be manifested to every reflecting mind. For if 'knowledge is power,' and 'power is ever stealing from the many to the feic,' it follows, that our free institutions of government, can only be sustained and perpetuated, by means of education, diffusing general information among the great body of the people. That tho want of Instruction, tends to degrade a oommuuity, none will deny for it is found from experience, that general ignorance lowers the standard of morality, and the extreme profligacy, improvidence, end misery of the indigent classes of sooiety, are chiefly to be ascribed to the want of education. Mental cultivation, strengthens the understanding, re fines the taste, and opens many sources of intellectual enjoyment. It purines tho passions, and regulates the coniluut of community, while it enables them tn understand, and assert their rights, and shields them from toe subtlety and ambitious dusigns of the disorgnniser and demagogue. The decline . and fall of the ancient ilcpiiblins, demon Itrates, that the rights and privileges of the eilisens, and the Ircedoui and purity of politioal institutions, oan only be preserved and perpetuated by the virtue and intelligence of the people. And does not the po. litioal aspeot of alTairs jo this country ad monish us, that 'Universal education is the only foundation of Liberty 1 Much has been done, considering the infancy of the State, hy the introduction of the corn mon school system of instruction i but to place the blessings or education within the reach of ell, would, in the opinion of the committee, require that manual labor Schools be introduced in every town and distriot in the ooromonwealth. This mode of in struotion, oontains within itself a self-sus- taiojng principle which, while it brings the elements of education within the reach of nil, imparts to ttio rising generation, n practical knowledge of ugrienltnre, iiml the mechanic nrli. The pupils, while ncquir-lug un elementary education, develop their physical, in well us improve their menial powers, hy their personal exertions in obtaining n knowledge of agriculture or some mechanical trade, which inspires n spirit of independence and energy of character, essential in a country of eqtii! rights, where no distinction! are recognized, but those arising from knowledge unci moral excellence. It may be urged, tbut the further extension of the advantages of oducnlion will be nttemlcd with such additional expense ns to render it onorous ami oppressive to the community. But, as no object could he more rational in its character, anil beneficent in its tendency, tho committee recommend nn appeal to the munificence of the General Government, by suggesting, that such part of the proceeds of the public lauds, ni Congress in their wisdom may deem expedient, be applied to national education: Therefore, Rciolvcd hy the Gencrnl Assembly of tho Stale of Ohio, That our Senators bo instructed, and our Representatives in Con-grots be requested, to use their exertions to imliiou tho General Government to grant to tho respective States, in proportion to their representative numbers, a part of the proceeds of tho national domain, for the purposes of education. Itcialvcd, That his Excellency the Go-vernor bo requested to transmit to each of our Senators nail Representatives in the Congress of the United State", a copy of the foregoing resolution. AN Al'PHAL, To the Piaple of Ihe First Congreuinnal Diilrict nf Ohio, on the currency of Ihe country. 0 Fellow Citizens: A crisis in the affairs of our country has arisen, in which you are called upon tn pause and reflect. Mutters of tho find magnitude press themselves upon yourcon-sideratinn, and demand ynnr impartial investigation, and your most decisive oction. I liny aro not ot that class of nuestions which concern merely a sefrirront. or a por tion of the people. They are univnrsnl in their bearing, not only on the prosperity nf the whole country, but upon the purity and stability of our free institution. In thu examination of those sulneets. vou owo it to yourselves, you owe it to your country, and you owe it to your posterity, to act with fidelity, under the best lights of your reason and intelligence. Your best interests cull upon you to forgot the past, rcalizo fully the present, and provide for the' future. It is neither necessary nor profitable to inquire, how we have been brought into the present state of things; nor who has been inslrumcntol in produc ing it.. IJeing as we are, and not as we mould be, the question is, hniv shall we extricate ourselves from the difficulties by which we are surrounded, and with which we are threatened to be overwhelmed. Shall we fold our arms, and yield ourselves and our property to tho tide that sweep? us on to certain ruinj or shall wo arouse, take our stand, and resist its desolations! 'i'iie present posture and coiulitiun of the country, in relation lo its currency, render it highly noce-inary nnd proper that the people should speak their sent i men ts on the following question--: 1. ('an a local Dank currency be substituted for a national currency, consistently with ihe public interest-! 2. Ought the present Rank of the United States to be rochartered, with such restrictions and modifications as should be incorporated in a new one: nr, 8. Shall a flow Bank of tho U. States be created! These are simply questions of public in terest, as connected with Ihe currency of. ins country, it mere be any one subject in the whole range of Legislation, which ab ovo all others should he touched with great cnution, it is that nf the currency. I hero is no interest, great or small, public or private, which does not stand most intimately allied lo. and connected with it. Tho curroncy, or, in nthor words, the credit of the country cannot be sported with, or changed, without endangering the business ui every man. upon llns sulijoct, tho les-sons, tiie sad lessons, of a dearly bought experience, should not be lost upon us. t noy aticd no false light, and giyo out no vaguo and mysterious answers to the lion- est inquirer for tho tru h. TliU nation has tried tho experiment of creatine a sound and uniform currency through the local iiaiin sysuim. mat experiment failed; and I la disastrous consequences are yet trosh in the minds of the neonln. Tim Blasted monuments of its stupendous folly remain to instruct and to warn. The wholo power of the eovornment. aided hv the moBt pressing necessities of the conn- try, was exerted biilwonn 1H11 and IS US. to sustain tho local Banks, and to give their piper credit and circulation. Their paper was treated as money by tlio government, and they wore made the depositories of her funds: but did this give tbom a general circulation, or a uniform vnluo? It did not. It was n it then, nor is it now in the nature of things, I hot the paper of the local Bmks, in me uur-Tcni .-stales, snouid have a gone nil circulation, or a uniform vnle. It is not in tho power of tho General Uovorn- mont to connect hoMolf, in any way, with tha local Hanks, which will give to their paper a general circulation and a uniform value, and at the same lime securo hor own credit. Whenever they shall, throng! thoir connection with Ihe tioneral Govern ment, acquiro such a circulation and credit, their character, as loci! Binks, will no longer remain: they will, to all inlqnts and purposes, be & host of U. Slnles' Hanks, without being subject to the control of the Government of the United Stutes. They will bo liable, in a ton fold degree, to u 11 the objections now urged B"sin.-ttho Binl; of tho United States. Wli itovcr might he their capicitios for good, their powors for evil would be tremendous, and beyond the reoeh of national legislation. No ono can, undcrstiindingly, desiro to try again tho vain experiment of substituting a local Hank, for a national Bink currency. Should any ono honostly believe, however, that the one can bo safely sub stituted for the other, there is one point of viow in which i would invito allontion to tho subject. Hy a reference to tho memorials that poured in upon Congress, from 1911 lo 18W, from evory quarter of the Union, bet ginning as now, with the commercial and manufacturing portions of the people, and finally extending to nil classes, of every political parly and name, it will be seen, that the ruinous ralvt of exchange, between tho various parts of the country, occupied a very conspicuous place in those memorials, and called loudest for redress. If the rates of exchange were such nt thai day, when the business, crcaiing a demand for domestic exchange, was comparatively limited, how incomparably greater, and deeper, would be the injury, and loss, consequent upon a resort, again, lo the local Hanks, now that the business of the country has more than trebled in its amount, and its varieties. Une of the prominent objects, proposed to bo accomplished by the distinguished financiers, and statesmen, who projected and created the Bank of the United .Slates, was, to reduce and equalize ihe rates of domestic exchange. The Hank has succeeded in accomplishing this end of tier creation, to a much greater extent than had been anticipated by her most sanguine friends nnd advocates. The business of exchange, necessarily connected with the great and increasing trade of iho country, cannot be transacted by the local Banks, at such uniformly low ralCB, as it can bo hy a national Hank. It is a matter worthy (if inquiry, who poys the price nf exchange! Cuuiincrco is but Ihe channel through which the product! oj moor pass, and repass, and, ns such, it pays ho part of the prico of exchange. The wluile cott of exchange futli upon the productive, labor of the counlru, which, in ill cndleu variety, mpplie! the. article! cf commerce, i tie amount paid by the merchant, nnd produce dealer, for exchange, never enters into their calculations as a sum to be deducted from the profits of their business. Willi them it is a part of the costs of their business, and is deducted out of tho price lo be paid to the producer for the fruits of his labor. I now speak of the legitimate business of exchange, between tho various commercial points of iho Union. I throv out of tho account, the immense stuns that would go to make up the carnival of the broker, in the way of discount upon bank bills. They never can maintain a uniform value, and their holders would be compelled to submit to have them exchanged nt such rateu as the cupidity of me oroKor snouiu demand. If it be determined, that we shall neither have the present Bank recharlered, nor a new one created, and the experiment shall again be made of a local Hunk currency, the question, it should bo remembered, will not bo, whether we shall have a sound currency, as is now furnished hy Iho local Banks, restrained, ns ibey are, nnd kept within limits, by the Bank of the United Stales; but, whether wo shall have a flood of paper over which no salutary reslrqining influence can bo exerted. Without the Hank of the United States, what power now exists, or what ono can bo invented, which shall hold the local Hanks in check, and prevent their improper issues. It is perfectly clear to tho mind of any one, who win oesiow a moment s reflection on the subject, that the General Government, lo whom belongs the power to. regulate the cirrency, cannot, through tho action of Congress, or the Treasury Department, exert such control oyer the Stale Banks, without the exercise ol powers not confided to them, and dangerous to our liberties. It lias been said that the people them selves would be mindful of their own inter est?, and would keep a vigilant wntch on the movements of tho local Banks, and in case of improper issues, would throw their paper back upon them and destroy their credit. Tho reasoning is in pari correct and the great probability that it would bo reduced to practice, is tho stronge-t or all reasons why the experiment should not be nude. The argument, however, is one sided and blind. It troats tho local Banks as tlio only parly to bo afT'ctcd, hy having their paper run in upon them, and their credit destroyed. It forgets, or never sees, that the community who would hold their paper, mut bo the eutlerers. The. vnwle of thin District, at least, have !ome reason to understand tha part of the argument. II then the local Hanks cannot supply a sound and uniform currency, and transact the biiiinoss of exchange at such low ralos as the B ink of the United States; and if (lie pcoplo cannot exert a restraining influence over them, so as to guard against improvident issues, nnd consequent bankruptcy, in what do they recommend themselves in preference to the Dank of the United Slnles! As the fiscal agent of the Government, they certainly nro very inferior. They are les sale and less subjec ted to the supervision and action of Congress, to whom the Constitution has con- lided the collection, safe keeping, and distribution of tho revenue. Un this pninl the past history of our country furnishes ample and incontrovortilile testimony. I he reports of tho I rea-oiry Department. fir years subsequent lo 18Ji), tell a tale about broken Bulk paper that should ad monisli us how we omploy thorn as tho heal agents ol the Government. Tho same arguments that are now ur"cd in favor of tho local Hanks, with reference to the finnncoa of the country, were urged by those who in lll opposed the rechartor nf the first Bank of tho United States. The opposition to the recharter then prevailed, and tho local Banks were subslitti-. ted as tho agents of tho Government. And what, let ino ask, wore the couscquoncos: Disorder, confusion, discrciljt, and bankruptcy, from one end of the Union to the other, and a dead loss to Un National 1 reasuryor millions in broken Umk paper. I do not propose to say any thing on the political question involved ill the transfer of tho public funds from the B ink of the United Slates, and placing them in the local Banks, subject to the control and management of the Executive Deparuv;nt. It will here bo sulHuioitt to remark, that the safe keeping, as well as tho collection ol tho revenue, has been confided by the Constitution exclusively to Congress, and it cannot be withdrawn from that body, and translnrred lo nuntlier department, without a fligrant infraction of fundamen'al principles nf Ihe government. The Constitution never contemplated that tho Treasury of the nation should be under the discretionary action of the Exectitiva Department, with reference to questions of public intorost or public convenience. So far as this powor has boon dolcgatod by the Constitution, it ha, boen entrusted to Congress, Iho department most nearly and directly rcsnon- siblo to the peoplo and this for roasons too obvious lo requir hero to bo stated. If, tjien, fellow citizens, a local Bank currency cannot be substituted for a national currency, consistently with public interost and the principles of Iho government, the question arises What shall bo done? We are in the midst of a crisis involving the interests and business of every man, nnd we cannot stand still. Our motion is with the current, which acquires strength in its downward course, and our power to resist and overcome it successfully, diminishes every moment we delay. 1 believe it is admitted by every intelligent and practical man in the community, that tee cannot prosper without a sound and uniform currency, and experience has demonstrated that such a currency cannot be sustained without a National Bank. The question then presents itself Whether we shall have the present Hank re-chartered, with proper restrictions and modifications? or shall we have a new Bank? This is simply and exclusively a question of public interest, and one on which the spirit of parti, (that demon of destruction in our government,) cannot be brought lo bear without moral treason to the country. It is a question which ought to be decided without any reference lo the interests of the liank and its stockholders. They should bo kept out of view, as their introduction can serve noother than parti ends and parttj purposes, and we aro not called upon to act for parties, but for the country. We aro invoked to snatch Irom party conflict the best interests and hopes of our country, before they are wrecked and made thesport of Ihe parly storm that is driving with the fury of a tornado, and marking ils track with a wide spread moral, political, and pecuniary desolation, The question is not Whether the Bank has so conducted herself as to deprive her of all claims lo a recharter. With ihat wo have nothing to do. That is a political party issue, in which the public interest cannot be involved, without great prejudice and loss. Bui the question is Whether the Bank has been so criminally bad in conducting her affairs, that sho must be pun ished of the expense of the people Hum-selves'! Shall Ihe stripes of her iniquities be lu id upon Mcir shoulders? Shall ihe redress due to the people be converted into an unmitigated curse? I trust cot. I am of the number who believe that no effort should have been made by this ConToss to recnarier me tunn; and 1 believe that none would have been made if the whole power of the government had not been arrayed against her. This Congress was elected under circumstances well calculated to prejudico her fair and honest claims for a recharter. She became entangled with the party politics of the day, and it is a question of no very easy solution, whether she was most injured in that issue, by her friends or her loes. Hor claims tn a recharter then, as new, depended crdusiveli upon public considerations; and I am unconscious of ever having placed thoe claims upon any other footing. If the Bank had been permitted lo pursue her even course, in full possession of all hcrchartcrcd rights nd privileges, gradually preparing to close her business at the expiration nf her charter; and the aisislr.nce, instead of the op-position of the government, had been extended to her, tho question of a recharter could not, and would Dqt have arisen at this time. No serious inconvenience would have fallen upon the country, if the law had been permitted lo stand, and the government had given no indications of a determination to change its whole policy, in relation to the currency. If the Executive Department had united with the Legislative, in a full and determined declara tion, that a isationai uanK was indispensa bly necessary to the prosperity of the people, and a proper administration of the finances of the government, the present Bank might have expired, and a new one have been created, without a sensible shock to the business of any man. Nothing but a fear and dread of Ihe evils that now beset us, induced thousands to contend so earnestly, two years since, for a recti irter ot ma bank. 1 hey then doubted the professions ol polt citns, thai the Executive- would sign a bill rech irtoring the B.ink, with propur restrictions a.id nio difications; and those doubts have since been realized by Hie declarations of tho Secretary of the Treasury, who, in giving his reasons for the removal of the deposits', declares that it was done with a view of introducing, in the place of Iho U. Slates' Bank, the local Banks of the States. It i this avowal, connected with the removal nf the deposits, that has reduced us to tho neccssiij ,pf determining, at this lime, tho question)!, a recharter; bo:auso I take it as a matter granted, that tho confidence and credit of tho country cannot bo resto red, until this question is settled. Wo must, llicreforo, act promptly, and decisively. iTho peoplo cannot want to try again lha local Hank system; and they are now so circumstanced, that (hey cannot svait for,ijio organization of anew llmk. Theonly.aud yetall sufficient reason which I wouliloil'or, why tho present Bank should be recharlered, in preference tn a now one, k, that in the mean while Ihe cwnlri toou'd UC ruincu. Ails iiuumu i,uoiii,b BUS'aill thotnsolvcs through tha experiment. Two years must elapse before a now Bank can be put into operation, and yet it is but too evident mat a continuance, lor another six months, ol tho present stato of things, will produce tho most calamitous distruss and ruin. It is our present and fast increasing pecuniary ditHculties that we nro called upon to Nmody; and it is but mocking our distress, and l iughin,? at our calamities, lo point to aid that is beyond Ihe reach of linpo. Beforo that aid could como to us, the forgo and the furnace, the loom and tho shuttle, the anvil and the hammer, the saw and tho hatchet, would become useless incumbrances, and Iho ploughshare would rust because ils uso would not pay tho cost of its brightening. With a vloiy, therefore, of eliciting tho public will on this subject, in a form that will securo respect and obedience, proceed lo point out such restrictions and modifications as I hohovo are called for by public sentiment, and public interest, in a mil rcchurtering tlio Bank; and suggest the propriety of a meeting of tho people of this Uongrossionii I'lsinci, upon ampie nonce lo pxnrcss their sentiments. Thejirsl inodilicatiun to which I would call your attention, is, that Iho capital slock be increased to filly millions. Tho addi tional flftocn millions to bo subscribed for by the States, if they aea propor to take tt, according lo llieir lodcrai rcprossnta lion, Tha prominent reason fnr giving the States a portion nf the stock, is, to lay a foundation, free from objections, for secur ing lo them an influenco in tho election of the Directors in tho mother and branch boards. Ono of the most fruitful sources of complaint and jealousy against the Bank, as now organized, is, that the power of directing her immense resources is lodged in the Board of Directors of the mother Bank. There should exist, somewhere, a counter power, which would not bo subject to the exact same influence, and which would operate as a check to secure the people against abuse, t his power cannot bo conhued to agents belter calculated to fulfill the ends of its creation, than in Directors elected by the Slates. Second. Notjpnch to bo established in any State, without the consent of Ihe Stale Legislature This restrioliuii would remove the objections urged by many, upon the ground that the establishment of branches, without the consent of the Stntes, is an infraction of State sovreignty. Whether the objection be well founded, or not, it is not now necessary to inquire, if it can be met and obviated by the proposed restriction. Third. The capital employed by the branches, to bo subject to the same taxation by the States, ns the capital of the State Hanks nro. The right of taxation by tho States has been insisted on, more, perhaps, than any oilier; und to refuse it would present stronger uud moro solid objections to n recharter, than all others. There is no just reason why the capital employed by tho citizens of the State, in Banking institutions, should be subject to taxation, while that of the oitizens of other States, and foreigners, should be exempt. Every fair principle of taxation omhruccs tho properly of all who enjoy tho protection and benefit of the laws of tlio States. Fourth. A specific amount of capital to bo assigqod to each brunch upon its estnh-linhineiit, nnd to he limited in ils discounts double the n mount of such capital. Whatever may have been the course of the branches, heretofore, the people belicvo that they have madu discounts nt one time beyond their means, and have reduced hsin aain without uny reference to the business nnd interests of their debtors, or Ibe community. Whether this opinion be well or ill founded, it is now a matter nf no consequence, since the present system ad mits of the evil, supposed to exist, and the proposed restriction will prevent the possi bility ol its recurronco tn tuture The expauioiis nnd contractions, of the branches have been such, in their accommodations, ns to lay tbein liable to the charge, that they have note I without any reference to tho interests of the public The orders for curtailment nro known tn be made hy thobonrd in Philadelphia, and these orders, in their execution, have operatoil hardly, nnd continue so to operate, on the commu nity. It is not in the nature of things, that the hoard in rhiladelphia can know nnd uu ilerslanil the wants, nnd the necessities, of tho distant cmnmuiiitius in which the branches are located. It is Hie fault of tho system, that it takes from tho branch directors, nil responsibility in these mutters, and casts it upon those who are strangers to (he people to be Directed by their duo. Mints and curtail merits. Ithns been ohiectcd against tho proposed restriction, Hi u t in times of commercial distress, it would prevent the Bank from extending proper relief. The objection however is not well founded. The ability of tho brunches, to meet mid relieve commercial embarrassments, resulting from tho vibrations and fluctuations of trade, would he ample through her power to draw and purohase bill, of exchange. Facilities and accommodations, in the exchange ljun, while they are ample and well adapted to alleviate nccnsiounl commercial distress, do not draw after them those disastrous consequence', which linve, and always must, follow a system of accommodation loans lo every one, when money it plenty, and subject to be withdrawn when (licrp is a pressure. If the amount, thus nssigned tn the branches, is inadequate to supply the regular and legitimate demands l'r 11-tiikiug la- cilities, let it be increased upon application. to tho Legislatures of Ibe Mates in which such branches may be located. The people will then have not only the enlightened judginentof the branch boards, in which the stales have their Directors and the mother board, to protect tbein from the consequent ruin nf lar;e and unwarranted discounts, but they will also have the deliberate nnd circumspect action of Ihcir own Legislature interposed. The great question! of public interost, and puhlio convenience, connected with the exercise of extraordinary U inking powers, oannnt, consistently with the spirit ol our institutions, be withdrawn from tho National nnd State Legislature. A restraining nnd ooiilroliiig power, in their bnnili, is no less demanded by tho spirit of our institutions, than by tle common inter-eilsofnll. It i, to all intents and purposes, n legislative power, nnd one which con nents itself, most direotl', and intimately, ,vjlh Uia h'ineaa and prosperity of every man. And nonce Iho reason why our con stitution has placed the whole power of the government, over its treasury, in the hands of Congress. To unite ill this bands of tho Executive, the power to use the funds of the government, witl referenoo to questions of public convenience, nnd puhlio interest, would bo to subvert Ilia Constitution, bo should lint the power to wield a large amount of individual capital, Associated with the puhlio funds, ha eutrqitod to the hands nf una man, or set of men, without limitation, nnd without legislative control. Tho Dank does, in the proper nnd legiti mate use nf her means, stand immediately oonneoted with tho puhlio convenience. It is tho position which she was intended to occupy, nnd one every public consideration demands that she should occupy. II is no nrgmneiit against her utility, or against tho absolute necessity nf her existence, that her powers may Ipi tibu'ed. tier liability tq abuse, only shows the propriety and tho necessity, for having her powers curtailed, nnd placed within limits whioh oautiot ba enlarged without legislutiva interference. Thus guarded, nnd chocked, she will fulfill all the onds of her creation, without tho possibility of being; converted into nn engine nf destruction. Fifth. Each State to have the power to appoint one third of Ihe hrnnoh Dirootors, and to vote for Dirootors in the mother Bank: as other stockholders. This provi sion would at once in'erpnsa a shield I protect the puhlio against all abuse nf the corporate)! powers of the Hank. These Directors wuuld represent nil interest which would he ono nnd the some with the private stockholders su long ns the Hank pursued the proper objects of hor orentfon ; but would become hostile, nnd antagonistic, in its character and influence, whenever she departed from the line of duly. Sixth. The Hank not to issue bills of n less denomination thnn ten or twenty dollars. This would afford a fair chance for the circulation of solvent local Bank paper and specie. Seventh. The Bank not lo be allowed to hold real estate, except her bunking houses, longer than five yenrs, giving the right of redemption to the debtor so lung as the properly remains in the bands of tho Bank, It can never he the interest of the Bank, or tlio country, that they should become the holders of a largo amount of real estate. Giving bsr iiltiiaato security to the nmount nf the value of real estate is ull that she enn claim, mid all that she ought lo expect. Such, fellow citizens, are the modifications is rid restrictions which I would submit to your consideration, nnd on which I would usk your cnlightenod nnd impartial judgment. The necessity which presses this subject upon consideration, nt this time, incroases daily. The stagnation ol business, nnd tho cry that is coming up, from every quarter nf our nountry, proolnims that something is radically wrong which calls loudly fnr redress. The remedy is in our own hands, and wo have only lo speak, nnd it will be applied. Oar silence will but seal our doom, and ndd to our misfortunes the crime, nf a slavish submission to evils which wc had not tho courage to meet and subduo. A CIVVIKS. JVew awl Vuluible Law Hooks, ISAAC N. WttlTIXO, LAW BOOKSELLER, COLUMBUS, P rco'iillv received n large supply of UJ3L vahitiol-i law Hooks, wtncn lie purchased at very low prices, in Philadelphia, New York, an J lloslon. These, aided lo his former stock, will form the most extensive and valuable collection attlvvtard site limits to he found in any bookstore in the Western Country. In nil his selection!, particular attention has been paid to obtain the best nnd most recent editions of nil works, and those bound in the best and most substantial in inner. It has been mid will oontinne to be hi; determination to direct his attention particularly, to tho Jjnte Hook Uiw'nen, and lo put nil hunks nt such prices ns he would hope, cannot fail lo give entire satisfaction. Hit arrangements are such with the various publishers of law bonks in all the eastern cities, as will enable him In procure any bonks in the market, cither Knglish or American, nt the shortestnotice-nnd on the most reasonable tonns. It will be scarcely necessary to -remind (he members or (he bar In this state, ol the obvious and decided advantages whioh they will enjoy from having a storo looated nt the seal of government, which will nt nil times con tain a full assortment of such stutj'turd law bonks as are in g"iiernl use, fion which they can make their selections, from time to lime, of such worsts and of such quantities ns they may desire, and nt prices equally ns low, it not lower, than Ihry can purchase Ihe same works in Ihe eastern cities, lie will, howe ver, embrace (ho present opportunity lo in- lorm biscuMotners lhar, where they may pre: ferhavinj an entire ordor of books ptirchas eil expresdy for themselves, be will, in all in stances, mako thj purchases for 10 per cent. Com'ti'ui'in. And he truMs that his intimate acquaintance wild till the principal law booksellers in Ihe rouniry, and his personal experienoe in Ihe business, will, In say the lea!, give him iqual advantages with nny other bookseller us Ihe Western Country. To fine nvrn'tert of Hue Rar, ki purthate in q'tanlilft, a liberal diicwit unit be ma'l1, nnd the mott fanirnblc ternuifiven. All order! will be thankfully received nd promptly attended lo. Jn-i.W 8 HIE lourili.-ri have l iken an inline in arly ocaupied by 11. Dki.a.no k Co and will transact business under the firm of MIC2 &. C.1SKY, CASH to I "in on Bonds, Mortgages oi penonil security. Judgment an I en iurscd notes of b'U, CAMieJ on lihsral terms. U. It. m I Jl Kit, W. L. CtSEY. C ilumbu, Nov , IB31 tf .s )rlCF.. Trie siilinnb-r having disposes c 1 of his stock of G 10 Is, requests those win hive N lies an I Aeco-jnts now due, to call and settle them without delay, as no fur- tliei in lisl 'onaa will no given. Cflai,El COWLEB. C iln nh-ii, 1 1 it Jit 1. lull. 54 ci iitinViiica:, CUTLEtl7,& EARTIIEXirARE. TTOILLI3 & BIlOrilEftS, Importers of JJ Hardware, Cullerr, japanned, and Heavy Goods; nlso of China, Glass, and Earthenware, liavo constantly on bnnd, nt ihoir Store, No. tt7t) I'enrMreot, New York, an ex'ensive assortment of Golds in the a-hovo linos, which they offer nt the lowest prices, for cash, or on Ihe usual ore. lit. Their invoices of llaidwnra, nnd Crockery, received bv the Uto packets from Liverpool, ooin- priss n large nisirtmenl 0f Staph Goods of various qualities and prioes, ns well as a rul inly of Kanoy Wares, many nf which aro of entirely new patterns, cartiiiiny inieuimi with relermico io tne styins, rcquirou lor ion Southern, nn I the Western market. Their Crockery it of tho I itest and most approved descriptions, irom me ooi p-mene. 10 ciai-fordshiie. The quality of their Ware is war ranted inferior to none iaipiirled; nnd tho printing of their I! I ir.lt, llrnwn, and I ink, and Ihe various shades of Uluo Ware, is no-knowledge I hy judges to he equal to nny thing of Ihe kind ever seenjo Ihe Stntes. Their assortment of China and Glass Wares is also complete; and it Is their intention to ho nl all timos supplied with most beautiful articles in the Kanoy as well as tho Staple branch of tins lino. Grost earn is takan 111 packing this Ware, so that it will go salely to an) mirl nf Ihn Union. Those who will favor W. & B. with Ihcir orders for Hardware mid Crockery, may de pend upon the execution or mem nn the vory host terms. Their credit i ni favorable, ns (hat allowed by any other Hoaso in tho Uni ted Stales; and a hlvral diso unit is made for cash, an I for City Acceptances. Feb. 17th H1I4 .13 m. Oats & Corn. w-j-TANTEl), 5300 bushels of OATS and W aOOO bushels nl iaiu.i. OLMSTED Si 8 r.CLurt. Nov., KM a Boxes Beerm Candles, drsa'e hy ' FINLEY k HANFORD. Dso. 17 17 PROPOSALS FOR LAYI.YU O'HljDllf) njllCK, r"lllE undesigned, Pniildin Coinmillee X lor the Broadway Exchange Buildings, will receive proposals for bijing Irom SloOWl,. 00U Brick, until Ihe first day if March next. The Lime, Sand, and Scaffolding, to be fouud by the ('oiitrnclurs. The Buildings to be four stories high. None but ixpcrienonl work, men will be allowed to work on the Building. The work to oommence by the first cloy of April next, nnd to be cumnleleil wiihinninetv days thereafter, J KIDGWAY, WM.IN'EIL, 0. CROSIir, W.3. SULLIVANT. Columbus, Feb. loth 1834 3J JWMI.YSTiU TOIl'S. SALE. rri UK undersigned, pursuant to nn order nf J the Court of Commun I'lens nf Frnnk. . Iiuooiiiily.wiil, on SHturdav,lhe I5tb March, in the year 1 034, at Ibe door of Ihe Court hmiM! in Columbus, ofl'u at Public Srfle, (he following real eitnle, lo wit : 150 ncrus of lond, lying, and situ, ted hs follows: beginning at (be lint section of the first Township, and ciguieciuii range ol united states' Military District, and is tho North nnd West pnit of lot No. Liirhlecn in said section, anil is tbr a fourths ol said No. Eighteen. VICli rO. RISLY, Administrnlorof Charles Sail, dcoeaicd. Feb. 15th, I8J4. 3.1 A Farm lor Salt', fllEAP FO II CAS II!! 4 FARM contnininub ml 125 acres, about L. SO of which is cleared nnd on which.thcre is a small Log House, Bed Log Stable; is well wuiered,and situuted about fifteen miles North East of Columbus, immediately on the Jersey road, leading Irom Columbus lo Granville. For further particulars inquire of the subscribers, by whom nn indisputublo title will be given. W. A. GILL & Co. Feb. I5ih, m. 3J AD.MI.YI.'iTllATOWS NOTICE. A LL persons indebted to the Estule of .i'I. Michael Fisher, Ksq. deu'd., arc requested lo make immediate puymeiit; nnd those having demands against said Kstulo to present them within one year legally authenticated for udjusiuient. WM. STEWAflT, Adm'r Feb. I2lh, 13.S4. 3J JJXEHCIJE3 IN ALOEIlKA, FOR. Schools; with a Kej, for the use of the Teacher. Hy Francis I. Grund. Tho problems in Algebra are seleeted in particular reference to what is required for admission into American Colleges. They are arranged in such a manner that very little aid is required from the instructor; the most difficult steps being explained in tho book. There is certainly no treatise on Algebra, in any laiiunge extunt, which con-tains sufficient problems or exercises lor Ilia learner, toe only means by whioh he limy be expected to fit himself for tho study of those branches which involve more difficulties and perhaps the only way by which be can be; come accustomed lu upply bis knowledge of uiutheinalics lo practical purposes. PKTEIU'ARLEY'd ARITHMETIC FOB. CHII.DtlF.N, with numerous engravings. This work is on a pleii at onco entirely new, and nllog' thcr natural. It consuls ol n series of pleasing un J beautiful engravings, illustrating scenes, sports, and incidents familiar lo childhood. Tut euruviiiji aro accompanied hy tales, nnccdolcs and explanations, and incse are louoweo ny a series ol simple ques. lions in Arithuielie, which the child is to an swer. This Arithmetic Is immediately connected with, and grows nut l the niniifeiiients of th child. It is wonderful that a solicine so obviously useful, has never been before adopted in Arithmetical bonk). It is indeed nothing more thnn lakjug Ihe same method in a book, that a person would nalurully lake without it. t is following nature; and this is one step more towards dchveiing us from the shacKlus which custom bus fustened upon us. Tho wnrk is heantiiully got up, and will he pleasing mid attractive lo nil children at first blush. What n difference between these (tusnnd the brown paper age of Dilworlh and Dobolll 07-Aflcr the use of this work, thevnlua-blu and popular Mental ami Piaotical Arith metics of Smith may profitably be introduced. Just received und lor sale hy I. N. WHITING. Feb. 15th 3-1 QIWJVD'S CllLUlSTRY SELEMENTS of Chiraislry, with practical J K'.elcises, fur the use vf rchools. By I-r.iiioiil. Gruud, author ol "Elements uf Natural Philosophy," "Popular Leisous in As. Irouomy," 4c. tVc. From the Prefuct, Iupreparinz the following Elementary trea tise of Chimiitry, it hns been the author's particular study to form a proper scientific nrrnngeniciii, which shall enable the learner to see tha connections which exist b tween the ililii-iont branches of tho natural soienoes, and to conduct him gradually from a knowl edge of the limplo bodies or elements of nature, tn a correct under standing of their mors complex combinations. I he Divisions of the wnik it is believed will he tunnel natural, nnd such as will prove n strung assistance In Ihe memory. It is hardly neorssnry lo add, that uu his tour to Europe, the author has had nn opportunity to embody in his work the Illicit discoveries in Chimiitry, mid that it may therefore be reasonable in him to hope, Ihat in this respect bis book is not inferior to any siuiilur work puhlishid in this country. Just reocived and fur sale hy 1. N. WHITING. Feb. I5lh j)3. 10 093 Wester .1 Reserve Cheese, fnr sale by KIN LEY Si HANFORD. Deo. IV 17 LOUKLVO GLASSES! TJUST received an exten-iro nnd complete assortment of Looking Glnsses of every variety nf patterns. Country Merchants do. sirousof purchusi ig at wholesale prices, aro reqiiosted lo oall and examine (heir seluotion, which has neon wane expressly lor tiie western inarknt. OLMSTEDiST.CLAIR. Jin. I lfl-14 SO OSHOIIN & KIMi RE now en"yiT nn 'be Intro TAN NINO ESTABLISHMENT, formerly iwr.ed by John Cunning, near the brirfga across the Scioto river nt Columbus, whtie) they will constantly have on hand nnd for sale hy wholesale or retail, Solo Leather, Spanish and Country Upper do. Calf Skins, Skirting, Block Harness nnd Tanned Deer Skinsofthe first rate quality. Persons from a distiinoe can he supplied with any quantity hy giving a few days' notice. Saddlers and Shoemakers will do well (0 call and examine for themselves. The high est price will be paid in rash for Hides and Skins. Sept. 14, I