Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1849 : Weekly). (Columbus, OH), 1855-03-14

              7 bio State Journal u ia rcaimm DAILY, TKI-WEKKLY AND WEEKLY or nti OHIO ST1TB JOIIBML COMPINY. Inctn-parnUd undtr the General Law. TBRMa I If VARIABLY IN ADVANCE!) D tiLY 00 Pry- it Bj tha Carrier, per rk 12 cti. TnMVru.LV 00 P" J. Viutr 'iW " CUba of tun andover 1 M " TKHUri OK AUVKKTISINO BT THE HQUARJ. (IKN 1 1-1 IX (in U&t MAKI A BjrRI!. ) Oi n!ian 1 yaar ..$'.20 00 ; 0110 tqusre 5 wri'ta.. .04 M Oua " 0 mimllii IS (X) ; ona " tHki,., !i One " fl m-iitln VI 00; oua " I ww:k.... 1 HO Ona " S months I 00; ona " allays 1 S Ona " SimmtLa Q 00 ; oua " itlaja 1 'it OuO " ft 6 00; oua " 3 iluya 1 K Ona " 1 innntb 4 60 oua " 1 Inaartlun to Dinplajetl adrertiiamaaU ltlf nor tuao tha abort ratas AilvartWmuiU. anil ptarsd 1u tha column f Special Noticm,'' tfdtiAb fk mliiuiry rata. All notlca raqnir.l I" a publkheJ by law, Hal ratW f ordarad on ihe Inside axduslvely allur the first wk to'prut. nire than Uiaaboraralra ; bat all socb wilt aui.pur tu tho Tr I -Weekly wlilmut chsrse. BiiHlut'M CnMi, not Mctcrtlng ftTa Hues, par jaaf, In 9"M per Una ; outside 82. Kolicaa of meeting!, cltirtUbla aoaleUe, Ara aompa-otsa, hslf prlc. Advert Unai-nta not aecQuipauied with wrtttan dlrao-tlona will ba Inserted till fur bid, and ehargad accord-Inalv.All tran riant advertisements ranst bapald In advance. Wimtt One iquare ona week, 60 cent ; tu weak, 16o ; tbraa wreak, HI ; una month, 11,26 ; tbm tnonUu, S3,Bi) ; elx month., $4 ; oua yaar, $10. Under tha present vilem, the advertiser pays ao anion for tha apice be occupies, the cuAnges being chargeable with Uia eompoalUun only. It U tow generally adopted. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH U, '45. The War on Credit and Capital. The effect or excessive taxation under tbe now constitution, aud the war on capital waged la a variety or forms of legislation, are doing a aod work for Olilo. The evils resulting from these causes come upon ua at a time when we are least able to bear them. Tbe general business and prosperity of the country is paralyzed by avlciotu system of revenue govcrulug our foreign trade, leading to excessive importation and ruinous speculations; and when we would fall back on our husbanded resources to support these excesses, we are met by a domestic policy destructive of individual credit, at the same time that it Imposes burdens by way of taxation too grievous to be borne. Numerous cases hare been cited illustrative Of this state of things. Tbc-y may bo found In every neighborhood, and arc every where point ed out, produoing a wide spread determination among the people that a cbaugo must and shall take placo. Tho following from tbe Cleveland Herald of Saturday, is worthy of note, exhibit ing as it docs in a practical light the effect of tbe system lu driving capital from our Slate: "One of our subscriber, living in Euclid, thli year ban paid a tax of eighty-seven dollars upon the same property which heretofore bos stood charged with a tax of twenty-five dollars; and be most justly complains, and most lustily cries out, against such oppression. That class of farmers who do one man's work themselves, cannot live under such taxation. The amateur fanner, who pursue agriculture becauso of Its respect- ability and charm, may not feel such a tax, but wo bare tVw such hereabouts. Our farmers are independent, that K l-ciieralW have their land paid for, hut alumni universally 'either hold tbe plow or drive,' They have all the comforts and nil reasonable tnxurlesof life at their command, but an hundred dullurit moro or Iom in cash, each year, is a 'big Item,' needing lluaucieriug abilities to command it. "In showing tho direct pflect of our onerous tax law, one or two illustrations are at) good as more. " Tho farmer above rHi'rred to, s an eastern man, extenttlrely acquainted in and around the dalry-raieiiiH countr of Oraime, N, Y. The Western lteM.Tve, with lU butter and cheese reputation, attracts attention among dairymen, and almost daily are eaMeru farmers making ioquirieH as to laruia in Ohio. Within a week, a farmer from near Uotthuu, N. Y., brought his letter of Introduction to our huulld friend, and stopped to make iun.ulries. Tho intention was to buy a farm lu northern Ohio, and the money was tu gold for that purpose. Tho only question was as to location, until ho lenrned what Ohio taxation is. Nut anuther thought was pent upon Ohio, but tbe new-comer with his family of seven persons, and hU stocking full of gold, made tracks for Illinois, Kuch taxation, he said, would ruin any State. This waa tbe second instance within a few weeks personally known to our friend, and thin Ih tho experience of every oue. Ohio hns become a good and lively thorougbfnrn, but It is tint just now a stopping place. The aduiisftiun is a mortifying ime, but tho sooner thce ugly facts are laid to heart, tho sooner will a corrective be applied." Of course tho capital and industry of tbe Oofben farmer go to increase tho wealth and sustain the government of Illinois, This process is golug ou constantly. Strangers are pro vented from coming In, and our own people are driven out. Ohio is fast becoming an emigrating State. Iowa, and the Western Territories will receive this year thousands of our most Indus trlous and enterprising citizens! State III (1 II 1 HsT3' 11 1 r VOLUME XLV. COLUMBUS, OHIO; WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 1855. NUMBER 31 Mb. Seward's Sfeecu. We devote much of our space to-day to tbe speech of Mr, Seward, in the Seuate of tho United States, on the proposition Introduced Into that body to render the officers of the U. S. Independent of the State Courts la all casei arising under the laws of Congress. It is not enough that the monstrous proposition has been defeated for the present. The attempt should awaken indignation everywhere. We now understand tbe value which the Slave Democracy place on State Rights, and It is tbe duty of tbe press to awaken the public attention to tbe subject. Wo hope none of oar readers will bo deterred from giving the speech of Mr. Seward a careful reading. They will find thcmselveatomply com pensated for so doing. Delivered on the spur of the occasion, as It seems to have been, without elaborate preparation, It may be considered a masterly production. Conoress. It appears that tho amendment to tbe Navy bill, moved in tbe Senate by Mr. Sow ard, to pay and continue the appropriations to all tho Ocean Steam Mail Lines, was concurred la by tbe House. This leaves the Collins' appropriation of $858,000 a year as it Blood, subject to tbe six months notice by Congress provided In the original contract. Tbe veto power was originally granted for the purpose of preventing abuses from hasty and unconstitutional legislation, and not for the purpose of shaping the policy of Congress or the oountry. In this case of tho Collins' appropriation, although at first glance the interposition of the veto looks like a violation of the rights of the Representative, we are more than half inclined to think on a careful review of tbe facts that the President did a good thing in arresting what must be classed as reckless, if not corrupt legislation. We would have our Ocean Steamers sustained, but wo would ulso insist that Congress is bound to bold control over the subject. Dy tbe vetoed bill, the six mouths notice was repealed, virtually grauting a monopoly without time, and without suQlcicnt compensation or power of control. ' It is better as it is. The rejection lu tho Senate, at the iustauco'of tbe Southern members, of tho bill to organize tho Territory of Oregon Into a State, inasmuch as the people of tho Territory bad decided against tho movement, was right. We say nothing about the motive which prompted the action we do not believe iu forcing burdens or privileges on pcoplo against their will. Our Idea of " popular sovereignty " goes to tho extent of leaving people to do as they please " under the law and the constitution." When Oregon knocks for admission into tho Union, It will be time enough to let her in if she comes with a " Republican form of government," not an Aristociutic one. It is now said that the President refuted to Bend in luo name of Mr. Shields for the additional Brigadier General created by the army bill. The ex-Senator was largely, if uot unani mously recommended by his late colleagues, hut tbe appointment was nut made. The place is prububly reserved for some friend perhaps for Gen. rillow who knows? The Houh) yielded to tho action of the Senate on the Tariff bill with a good grace, saving the country from a severe blow. Tho present Tariff Is bad enough to make it worse would be more than tho country could stand. We hear much of British free trade by our free trade advocates. Why will they nut consent to give us a tariff hosed on the principles of thn British aet namely, tha support of the productive industry oi me country. A Treaty with Holland has been mined by me r resident and ftenate, negotiated 2m Janu ary lost, allowing consuls from tbe U. States in tbe principal ports of tho Dutch colonies. Congress. I u summing up the doings of the into Congiew, In addition to the important mea sures adopted already noticed, wc ought to men tion inc lull luercttcing tbe salaries of the Jus tices or the Supremo and District Courts, a summary of which wc gave at the time of itsintroduction. A bill Increasing tbe compensation of Land UQice Receivers and Registers. Thn Kill irl.lnh all,.!. M.Ih C PnviTiivna T lin lliinjui nrnlfinni'il lla ai.tifatfin 1 .,,', . , , , . r, , . . : receive pay from the owning of each session, untu ; o coca oou; on ..may. uur uir-, h fc fc graphic roporU, last evemng fnrnUba 11 we have j hj (hcIr prvftto oi u.u imiuuiK my- -ruii m . iu. u n. bm ,n nvncti Is a monstrosity, biddiua a bounty iu fact fur the neglect of tho public in details, and we rtull have to wait a day or two to ascertain what was really done and what left undone. Wo had the pleasure of seeing for a few moments, ibis morning, the member from the Sib Diet., Hon. M. li- Com in, who left Washington alter the adjournment. From him we learn that tie supplement to the Fugitive Slave hill the ' hill from the Senate for creating a "privileged class'' among tbe people received Us quietus in the House, whether by direct vote, or by being kicked under the table, we did not under stand. The bill will rest there, but the question raised by it will not so easily bo quieted. The attempt to pari such a bill should damn its authors to everlasting fame! Indian Uivkh. Tlio Governor bos vetoed the Free Dank bill which had passed tho Indiana Legislature. The provisions ol this bill wc do not clearly understand, but uulcs tho Legislature should pass It over the veto, it is evident that the ksucs of the Freo Banks, remaining under the present law, will possess very little credit out of tho State. Tho session of the Legislature terminated on Saturday. Aud tho Indianapolis Journal of Friday says, it is certain the Governor will also veto tho State Bank bill when it shall reach him. It Is said, however, that when the State Bank Mil shall come back, so that both it and tbe Free Bank bill will stand on tbe same foot ing, the friends of each may unite and put both through. The Istue will soon be known. We know so liltlo of the real merits of these bills that we tanve no opinion to express as to tbe propriety of this latter course. Our Indianapo lis correspondent, it will bo seen, confirms the views of the Journal. SJf u We think the Journal is iniidaken In Kiylng that the bill of Mr. Disney In the House ot oonrcsa on mo suoject oi uniu t-anai L,auus, nif of no consequence. Wo presume It was lu-tended to nuiet certain salps made 1V the Stale. and which aro in dispute." OA to Staletman. It is a mistake to say that wo characterized raullekm at the Souib, The North Is not entirely destitute of one-idea men, who cannot keep their eyes or their thoughts from Africa. But, if any man Imagines tbe North has a monopoly of this commodity, he Is sadly mistaken. The South Is full of them. They vary from their Dorihern brethren only to looking at Africa from another stand point. Tha northern man has an Intense love of lib erty, and a passion for the practical realization of tbe doctrine that all men are born free and equal, and are possessed of certain Inalienublc rights. Whereas, the southern fanatic regards all this as bosh, nonsense, lie regards a negro speoially designed by Providence for bis ser vice and la utterly astonished If any person shall presume to question the propriety of buy lng and selling black men and women at will, just the Pamelas be buys and sells horses and oxen. Tho northern fanatic storms and rages, and oalls tho slaveholder nearly all tho bard names ha can find Id the Bible; and we have known of cases where thero was an encroachment upon the figures of Bpcecb common in pro-fano literature, to give expression to angry feeling. The southern pro slavery fanatic of the two, Is more apt to keep clear of the Holy Book, but he is a full match fur his northern oo-laborcr in tho scienco of invective. Wo aro not sure that the southerner is as honest and sincere as bis opposite; we have thought be'often went upon tbe prluciple that a counter irritation was an excellent Idea, and was equally effica cious in politics aud morals, as in physics. We have been led Into these reflections by reading an article in the Richmond Whig, a pro-slavery paper of tho Southern fanatical school. Tho occasion for a uew outbreak is the attempt to puts now halter upon the free North, by a bill to make more effectual tho fugitive Slave law or 1860, The new topic was introduced into the Senato by tho Slavu Domocracy. It was urged and supported by tho men who arc so indignant at any attempt to Intcrfcro with their affairs, by d if cussing the subject In Congress. When reminded of their inconsistency, instead of attempting to defend themselves, they resort at onco tu tho we of bard names, and, what they suppose and intend to be, hearty abuse. Tho fanatical Whig thus lltuttratcsuur subject by its attack upon Senator Waoi:: ".Mr. Wade, the Freewill Senator from Ohio, mado tho first onslaught upon tho bill, by declaring that it was desitnied tu uuuln introduce thn agi tation of slavery Into Conmenj. This da-la- ration, it is oviuent, was only a trick of U ndo to excite agitation himself. For. when did be or tbofe who act with him over seriously deprecate agitation upon the subject ? A prolix doiiu I neimior a man wnnw meat and drink is ogila-tion rising in bis place, and with a grave air, protection uxainat agitation ! Was there ever such graceless impuih-nce dipplayed In (be Senate of tho United States before? Why. as tho hole country knows, on nation U the onlv bu siness of Wade's life its one great purpose the in m mi oi patriotism ami puoiie amy, us litis Ohio incendiary U pleased to uuderstuud the terms." The men who Indulge in this sort of language toward the representative of a Slate m every retpect superior to Virginia, are just as great lauatiCB, and much more unreasonable aud ri diculous than are William Lloyd Garrlsou, or 1 hcodore Parker, in (heir attacks upon Slavery. Will It do the Whig aud itseupportcrs, In this foolhih warfare upon the opinions of the freemen Tb Cukau Correspondent. A telegraphic dispatch announces that tbe correspondence between Marcy and Suule on the Cuban difficulties, and a full report of the famous Ostend conference by Soule, Buchanan and Mason, appear In the New-York papers of tbe 6th Inst. Tho correspondence extends from tho 23d of July, 1653, to ihe timo of the Ostend Coherence in October, 1861 Marcy urges the purchase of the Islaud at auy price which can be agreed upon, not exceeding one hundred and twenty millions of dollars. The report of tho Ostend Conference, signed by Buchanan, Soulo and Mason, recommends open and frank negotiations with Spain, and sets forth tho various reasons why the island of Cuba should bo sold to the United States. Wo copy a paragraph from the abstract of this document:M The report then goes on to canbider what action will become necessary in the event of Spain refusing to sell, and decides that Cuha In tbe possession of Spain, loo seriously endangers our internal peace and the existence of our cherished Union; then by every law, humau and di-vino, wo shall be justitled in wresting It from Spain if we possess the power, and under such circumstances we ought neither to count the cost nor regard the odds which Spain wight enlist against us. They consider we should be recreant to our duty to permit Cuba to be Africanized, and become a second St. Domingo, and fear events aro tending toward such a catastrophe."Such are the steps rccommsuded by the agents of this administration to acquire moro vuluabto slave territory for the benefit of tbe South. Even aggressive war is recommended. If Spain should continue to rctnln her own territory, and declluo to sell out to us. Tho whole subject Is an instructive one, aud will create some sensation when the facts are generally understood. Popular BowclgolYi Tho Fourth of March has passed: Tho long to bo remembered Congress of compact breakers and constituent betrayers has dispersed; "popular sovereignty" has worked very differently tu tho case of most of ltd members, from tbeir own fond utlcipallons, and " Ihe places that have once known them will know thorn no more forever." When tho late Congress assembled, it found the country in peace and quietness; the murmurs of sectional ditcord were hushed. Before It closed Its firht session, by tho repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and tho throwing open to Slavery all tho territories of tho Union, it had destroyed all future confidence between the Free and the Slavo Stulcs, and stirred up, through tho masses or the people or Ibc Free Stutev, a deep seated and burning sense of the witoNO done them, which, in the lale elections, found some vent on tbe heads of tbu traitor representatives of the North. This feeling will continue to agitato the Union until the territory bo restored to freedom, which, by an infamous fraud, has been exposed to the chances of Slavery, The insulting taunts uf the minions of Dong-las and tho Administration to go and fight the " black plague," now trying to spread itself over tho lair territory of Kanzas, after they themselves hnvo Invited It to walk in on equal terms with freedom, wilt not be forgotten. Their sincerity will now bo soon tested, by ascertaining If they aro willing to support any measure fur tho protection of their own bant ling, " popular sovereignty," and tho preven- of the free States, any good to tell tln-m that i t'un citizens of Missouri pouring illegal vo their rant is jut as pointless and absurd us that ' lerH 'lltu "10 Territory, for the purpose ot con-of Ihe craziest alwliiionist in tbu North? Id it i trolling and overawing tbo bona lido hqualters. not better to drop this style of argument, and ' uo frauds committed in the election of Gen. treat each other with tbo decorum and reject ' Whilfield, the late Delegate, nre notorious, and winch should grace Intercourse butneeu equals? i aldo the preparations now making ny tho Alchi j sou faction of pipe-layers iu Miswurl, to Import IuroitrANT.-Tbe Baltimore aud Ohio road, i mmh Vulca lo colUM 4ho ciiaractlT of tw and the Central Ohio road, have proposed to the j Legislature to be elected on the 13th of March, ciiyoi naeeitng to creel a railroad bruia over nulwithslnudiujr the efforts ol Gov. lieeder to 1 UUIBtn 1,10 lll,rinern protect Ibo pulls. Yet uot a whisper is raised mew nueeiinganum-nwooa.UBuau, mine (ue outrage by the Douglas "popular Jim; .-.. u. . r.u,.rumi-,Huuni iUU oest ; e(m,rci(1,,y oryana t,0 Free StaUlS. within six months from tho timo Ihe work inny bo authorized by law, and to bo completed as soon as practicable. The Central mad, upon the completion of the bridge, lo extend lln h ack buhluexs. A bill for tho reorganization of the Diplomat ic and Consular service. This measure is sup posed lo possess some merit, and alihouch it will increase tho charge on tbo treasury for this branch of the public service, it is expected to be productive of good. Among tho measures defeated by tbo action of the Executive, Is tho bill for improving the navigation of tho St. Clair Flats, and St. Mary's River, Michigan. It is thought also that the bill for improving the Sarauuah River by remo ving certain obstructions, was also vetoed; Ibis would bo oven justice, but we cau hardly believe the President would daro veto a Southern bill. Tbo New York Herald gives among its lut of bills passed, the St. Clair Flats, and the St Ma ry's River bill; but we think the first statement is correct A number of other Important measures were passed Into laws, such as tbe bill for tho Reorganization of the Navy, creating a retired list; but we have not space to enumerate them In full so as to give a view of their provisions, Tho country has cause lo bo lhankful that the thirty-third Congress has ceased toexist. r'rom the concurrent testimony of tbo press and of careful observers, thero never has assembled since the formation of Ihe Government a Congress so eulirely unworthy of public confidence, so destitute or patriotism and high moral qualities, so extravagant and wasteful of the public treasure, and consequently none so renal and corrupt. May the country never be cursed itb Us like again. Hhrh-handrfl Jlramrf Iterard for "Pouular SovereHfOtj" by tbe Have brmocracy of inuiana to a couvcuient and prjwT depot to I established within the limits of the city of Wheeling, The Central road to be extended from its present terminus to some point not lower down Ihu river than West Wheeling, and have tho sumo complete within 'i mouths from the signing of tho agreement. Upon the ratillcatlon of these propositions, tho city of Wheeling is to dismiss all suits, Ao., now pending ailnst the Baltimore and Ohio road. These proportions, digued by tho President of Ibo two roads, have been presented to the Council of Wheeling, referred, and ordered to be printed. Thero is uo indication or the proposed action upon them, but we hope tho quarrel will be soon and Dually settled. Items of Hems. Congress adjourned without looking iulo the mutter; aud wbilo perhaps it was too much to expect from a set of Representatives so universally condemned, that they would retrace their stcpa, and, In obedience to the clearly expressed popular will, nF.iionE the Slaveiy prohibition that bad been n pealed, houeaty at least required that they thou Id pass sume law that would give " popular sovereignty " fair play in Kan-zas, aud punish the residents of Missouri who, That well known Kentnokrvoliticiau. Robert A. Wiokliffe, died at Lexington, on the 2Cth of r eoruary. Tbo population of St. Louts, according to a census just taken, is 97,642, Including 2 Mr, colored persons, which Is an Increase of about 12,-000 since the census of l&2-'3. Tho population of the city and suburbs will reach nearly iu.uuu. Gov. Bingham, of Michigan, has' vetoed the General Bank Bill passed at the late session of tbe Legislature of that State. . Two men were frozen to death near FitUburuh during tho late cold weather. John Johnston, aged 10, got partially Intoxicated, and was found dead lo adeepjavine. On Friday night, two weeks ago, a man who had becu drinking perished with tbe cold. He wan found in the morning standing on his bunds and feet like a quadruped, frozen stiff. A son of Wm. Allen, Eq., aged 8 years, was drowned in tho Monoogabela, at Pittsburgh, on Thursday, lie waa skating on tbo river with pohoolmatcs, when tbe Ice gave way. A son of U. V. Hams, hsq., of Chicago, aged 12 years, was drowned at Raclno, on Thursday. Tho lad was attending school at Rsoine, ana fell through the ice on which he waa skating. t Mayor Wood, of New-Yolk, hiit Riltten a let ter to tho Lieutenant Governor of that Stale, on the subject of tho Pollco bill now before the Legislature. Ho notifies the public that be shall resign, If the bill passes. It proposes to take tbo control of tho police from him, and giro It to a commission. He is right, and the bill will not pass. 1 ho U.S. frigato Bainbridue put Into Nor folk, Vo., on tho Stb, in distress. On tho 21st of February she encountered a severe gale, and had to throw her guns overboard Sho is much disabled. Tbe Know Nothing candidate for Mayor lo New-Bedford, Mass., was elected by an overwhelming majority. A man by tljo name of R. Warwick was ar rested on board of a vessel at Newcastle, Del., charged with kidnapping a negro girl belonging to a Louisiana planter. He and the girl were taken to Philadelphia. The new commission of Gen. Scott bears date March 23lh, 1847, the day on which Vera Cruz was taken. His pay of Lieutenant General aW extends back to that period. Tho Free Soil Convention of Counccticut mot at Hartford, on tbe 1st March, and nominated Henry Duttou, Ihu ttbig candidate, for Governor.Tho trial of Theodoro Parkef and Wendell Phillips, lor participating In Ibo Burns riot at Boston, is set for tho (bird of April. Bums Is back at Boston, and thn good people are making demonstrations over him as if they never saw a darky before. The Tauama Railroad Com puny propose to hnvo a grand National celebration in New-York In May. and Invitations aro to bo extended to the leading men In all parts of the Union. Tbe Baptist Church at Muldeu was destroyed by lire on tho morning of tho 'M. The loss will bo $2000. The Canadians talk of building a railroad from Maiden, on the north shore of Itke Frio to Buf lalo. They propose to tunnel thu Detroit river at Muldeu and connect with the M icbigau Southern rood. This will probably end in talk. The Artesian Well in Charleston, 8. C. which up to Monday, tho 2blh ult, had discharged about llfly gallons uf water per minute, stopped on that duy. The cause or the stoppago was not discovered at our last dates, nor could it bo said when, If ever, the water would run again out of tho well. Mr, Soi'iJi, late Minister to Spain, has arrived at Washington, and bis rooms are crowded with visitors. A young woman on Friday evening last, at tempted to jump off the suspension bridge at Wheeling, but wuh prevented before accomplish ing her purpose. The Mormon Temple nt Salt Lke City, will cost several millions of dollars whi u finished. Bkn. McCcu.orou, the Texas ranger, has bcuu appointed Lt. Colonel in one uf the four new re- by illegal votinu, wcro iutcrfcriuir with tbo rich is of tho bona tide moati.-rs. Neither tbo ! gliwntf. President nor 8. Arnold Douglas have shown I" speaking of (ho chaotic state of pulilica) any deposition to move ia the matter; on tbe i parties on a recent occasion, Gen. Houston ro of the Common Pleas, and granted a new trial. The case was removed to Cleveland, and Is now on trial. The annual report of the Secretary of War shows an aggregate milltU strength of 1,862,-218 moo. It Is stated that tho new Bounty Land bill will sweep off at least two hundred millions of acres of the public lands of the United States. The Chicago papers say the Dutch East India Company of Amsterdam have sent an agent to Chicago, for the purpose of making arrangements to ship beef, pork, flour, Ac., the produce of the West, directly to Holland. It Is thought something will come of this movement Over five thousand oases have been tried In In tbe Police Court of Cleveland and not one of them has been taken up on Error. This Is s remarkable fact, and reflects much credit upon Judge Ban, and Mr. WhlMPthe Prosecutor. The past winter has been uncommonly cold in England. For Ave weeks lo London tbo thermometer was considerably belowlreezlng polul, and business was nearly suspended on the docks. This scvero weather Is very unusual in that City. McGowcu, a mail agent between Raleigh and Weldcn, N. C, was attacked by three ruffians who claimed a trifling debt of him. Six balls were lodged in his body, and when tho oars left he was supposed to be la a dying condition. Tho naval aoustruotw at Norfolk has pronounced the sloop-of-war Jamestown as seaworthy. The officers disagree with him, and a survey has been ordered by Ibo Department. Ihe peoplo of Philadelphia propose building a new Opera Uouso, that shall be 100 by 177 feet In tbo inside, and will hold 4200 persons. It Is to bo finished in tho best style. Tbo town elections in Mai no have nearly all gono in favor or the Know Nothings. The Steubonvlllo Herald comes to us this morning, with a new head of the same style of Lypc as that employed on our dally. It Is quite an Improvement The streets of New-York are swept between midnight and daylight. Congress has made appropriations amounting io fifty three millions of dollars. At tho oioao of iti proceedings, tho House of Representatives referred all tbe unsettled mat ters on tho private calendar to tho new Court of Cluims. This will giro that new tribunal plenty of business to begin upon. Every body will please bear in remembrance that the postage on all letters must be prepaid, after Ihe first of January next So ordered the late Congress. The proceedings of the last night of Congress were much more orderly than usual. There was no hbt and no personal Insults, as have been usual heretofore. Give the D- I bis due. Two years ago, the British Government paid their ocean mail steam lines over four millions of dollars. This was two millions of dollars more than tho revenue derived from tbutservice. Corrfsjionknff. THE USURBmiONS OF 8L1VEKY SPEECH OT W1LLIA9 H. 6EW1R0, In tha V. 8. Senate, February 83, 18S5. ON TBS SU TO CARRY OUT THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW. Mr. President: Tbe scene before mo and all Its circumstances and incidents, admonish me that the time has oome when the Senato of tbe j United States Is about to grant another of thoso oonocsslone, which have become habitual here, to luo power or blavcry in this Republic. For tho second time, in a period or nearly three months, tho brilliant chandelier above our 1 heads ia lighted up; the passages and galleries are densely crowded; all the customary forms or legislation are laid aside. The multifarious ! subjects, which have their rise In all parts of this extended oountry, are suddenly forgotten ' In a concentration of feeling upon a sluglo question of Intense interest Tbe day is spt-nt without adjournment. Senators, foregoing tboir natural relaxation and refreshment, remain in ihclr seats until midnight approaches. Excitement breaks out in every part of the Chamber. Crlm-iuations and recriminations, and denunciations of Senators Individually, and of Senators by classes, equally of those who have participated in tbe debate, and of Ihoae who bavo remained silent, grate handily upon the car. Such as these were the incidents that heralded the pas-sago of the Fugitive Slavo act of 1850. Such on these attended tho abrogation of tho Missouri Compromise in 1604. I know full well that tho fall of Conhtliutloiml Liberty is as cerUin to follow these Incidents occurring now, as it followed the like incidents on ihe ad occasions to which I have referred. And, for aught I know, the teeming gun, which proclaimed those forrorr triumphs of Slavery, Is already planted again under the eaves of the Capitol, to celebrate an-othet victory. My oourse, on this occasion, has been tbe same as on all former occasions of a like character. I have forborne from engaging la the debate, until near the end of tbe controversy, that tho country may know who It is, and who it Is not, that distnrbs'tbe public harmony, and breaks tbo public peace, by the agitation of Slavery in these Halls; and I shall peak now less tn the form of an argument against the bill before us, than of a protest, upon which I shall vane my stauu, lo abide tbe ultimate judgment which shall be rendered by tho Americau people. , j For myself there in a painful association con-' nected with the rise or this debate. I arose In I my place at 11 o'clock this morninir simultane ously with the honorable Senator from Conueo-' UCut, ( H r. 1 oucey and each of us demanded an 1 audience, which was aligned by tbe Chair to him. He announced this bill, which, however obscure in Its language, was, as wc all instantly knew, designed tor tbe protection of otHcers of the United States who are engaged in executing iho Fugitive Slave Law. On tho other side, I held In my band a proposition, to bo submitted to tho Senate, for the erection of a bronze monument fifty fvot high, in the city of Washington, which shall illustrate tho Hfb and death of Tims. Jefferson, ami commemorate tho immortal names or tho signers of the Declaration of American Independence. It was a new acknowledgement which I was about to ask from the Senate of Ihe U. 8. to tbo gn-at fact on which the liberties of this country and all its Constitutions rest thai all men are created equal. Sir, the success which tho honorable. Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Toucey) obtained over me, when tbo floor was assigned to him, wan ominous. The Senate uf the United States will creel no monument to lite memory of Jefferson, who declared that in the uncfiual contest betwoen Slaverv and Freedom. the Almighty hod no attribute which could take part with tho oppressor. But tho Senate will, on the other hand, promptly comply with Iho quistle therein, it shall Iheu be tbe duty ol the State Court to accept tho surety, aud proceed uo further in the cause; and any bail that may have been taken shall be discharged, aod the said copies being entered as aforesaid iu such Court of the United States, ihe cause shall there proceed in tbe same manner as If it had been brought there by original prooess; and any attachment ot the goods or estate of the defendant by tbe original process shall hold the goods or estate so attached to answer the final judgment, in tho same manner as by the lawn of such State they would have been holden to answer such final judgment, had it been rendered by tho Court In which the suit commenced; and tho party removing the cause shall not bo allowed to plead or give evidence of any other defence than that arising under tho law of the United States, as aforesaid." What is proposed here Is an Innovation a new thing a thing unknown in the laws of the country, since tbe States came into a Federal Union. That new thing Is, that a person, civilly prosecuted in a State Court, aud justifying under authority or color of a law ol the United States, may oust the State of its jurisdiction, and removo the cause Into a Court of tbe United States. Tho first question which arrises Is, How does tho thing stand aowT How has It hitherto stood T What are tho rights of parties iu tho tour ia i iiie isonsuiuuon oi mo united States binds toecther in Federal Union Lhlrtv.nn States, which, while they remain equal and qual- iui-u Bovurciguiics, m iuo same unic, constitute, In the aggregate, another qualified sovereignty. Insomuch as the chief busiuess of Government is to protect tho rights of Its citizens or subjects, and as the performance of that duty Is, under Governments, assigned to Courts of Justice, and insomuch as Iho citizen Is simultaneously tho subject of a State Government and of thp Fed. oral Government, tho State Courts and the United States Courts exercise concurrently or ooor-dinately tho power of trying civil actions which are nroimnt against Demons ndtinir aa nlTWi-a nf the Federal Government Tho pabllo officers of iuc u n iiou amies are. as we all Know, numerous. and of many classes civil, military and naval. They are engaged In executing laws relating to tho army, tho navy, tha Customs, tha public lands, tho post-office, tho judiciary and foreign relations. These agents may be called upon to answer by any person who is aggrieved, either in tho proper Federal Court or in a Court of the State where the grierauce happened. A case which will illustrate the subject now occurs lo mo. Two or three years ago, I successfully maintained In the Supreme Court of the United States an action on the case, which hnd been brought In a i ustice'a Court of tho State of New-York, hy a woman, against a Postmaster, who had refused to deliver to her a newspaper, on which me poniago which couitl he riglitliilly demanded was one cent. The Postmaster pleaded before tbo Justice, and before Iho Sunrome Court of the Stale, and before tho Court of Appsals ui ion oiftw, inav none oui a reaerai uonrt could M"iimo iurlsdlction in the rau When bia plea was finally overruled In the Court of last resort in mo mate, bo appealed from that decision to tbe Supreme Court of the United States. Thai Court affirmed tbe decision of tho State Court, and thus denned the law to be, that United States officers are amenable to civil actions in tbe State tribunals. The law now remains us It was then expounded, aud so it has always stood since tbe establishment of Ihe Constitution itself. It Iswiso and boneficent, because it surround! the citizens with a double safe-guard ugainst extortion, oppression, and overy form of injustice committed bv tho authority or iu the name of the great Central Executive Power. The second question Is, What Is the uature and extent of tho chanire which run nrnnow to make by the bill which Is under consideration? Northern- Lunatic A-stliji. Mr. Firestone, Superintendent of Ibc new Asylum near Cleveland, gives notice In Ihe papers of that city, that It is now open fur thu reception of patients. In accordance with Iho decision of the Attorney General of the State, no patient will bo admitted uuless the Inquest la held, and application made by tho Probate Judge of the county fa which the pnticnt resides. Neither Justices of the Peace, nor Clerks of thu Courts ol Common Pleas, have any legal power lo act in the premises. General Shields it is cnnddcutly staled, is lo be appointed a Brlgadiar General In the United States army. He Is now a Senator from Illinois, aud having lust a reelection, is thus to bo re warded, like. Dodge, of Wisconsin, who goes to Madrid. Those who lose place by tho voice of the people, aro picked up and supplied with another by tho President. Wo refer to tbo lellfr of our IndinnapolU correspondent for an account of tho manner in which tho pretended representatives of the People in tho Senate of Indiana perform their duties. At the last election In that Slate, a willft and awiuiiilntr mvtilntl.in waa I,k,h( t Mr. Dum-j'. bill on tlx .ul.jocl of th. Cmnal boull , 6pop,WTOe , . . pri)nuuucIn 1.n,l., m or no con..icnce. Tbe quieting j mph,llc.ny ., th, ,.,, ,nJ ' of titles acquired under former grants from Congress, was bvcured by ilr. Chase's bill and there was also secured by the provisions of that j hill all the unsold and unappropriated public ' lauds yet rcnnlning iu the State. Mr. Disney's bill thrtiw out these landi. by ? aud Tor what ? Only for the bcnellt of speculator. Cerlaluly not for the benefit of V,t State. By the fault of somebody tho Stato of Ohio has lost what would bavo been worth near half a million of dollars when the bill first passed the Senate. From the position occupied by Mr. Disney, as chairman of the committee on public lauds lu tho House, we are disposed to hold blm responsible for lt Can tbe Statesman find any ono moredeserving? Sag lllrblM " Our name takes well with the Dutch, but It does not go down well with tho Irish. But tho Irish have no uelp tor inemscives. ine Know Nothi'iirrt are down on thu Catholics and that "flies them.'' J. IV. Johnes1 letter to the Buey- rut Journal. The Statesman in rejoicing over the secession of fifteen hundred members from tho Know Nothing Lodges In New-Hampshire, but It be stows not a word on the accession to tbe Sag Nichts ordor of (ho '-Democracy' in Ohio. Not ashamed of your company wo hope? Tho name '-takes with tbo Dutch" and tbe Irish can't help thtmsehes ! D im L vws is Indiana. Tho Free Bank bill and tho Stato Bank bill, both of which had been returned to tbe Legislature by the Governor, accompanied with a veto for each, were passed by the constitutional majority ou Saturday. Tho Indianapolis Journal speaks as follows of the laws; Wo have now a Freo Bank system as tightly tied up, we think, a one can be made, and give tho wanker room to breathe. If properly sufor- ved we do not think it Dosslble for tho bill-hold er to bo Injured to any considerable extent by a bank suspension. Tho State Bank bill was amended In the House by striking out all that transferred to the new organization the State's Interest In the old Bank, so (hat those acting under It will not get tbo bcoefU of Ihe State's funds even by way or a loan. Whether tho want or that provision will Interfere with tha organi sation under the bill, Is a matter about which there appears to bo different opinions. At all evtinls, wa bavo now banks enough provided for, and as much time and labor were spent upon the-t measure. In tho com niit less 7 w""wo iints, tnd both Wen thurouirhlw illarnaasit k.fnH. .1.-1 M?un"lc 1M theT l lack QO- D -uiuu auu muuBiry can bestow. Suirt-Mikino. Tho Into Investigations in New-York show that twelve and a half cents Is tbe common price for making shirts that sell for from $1,121 to $1.23 each. The material costs about 374 cents, thus giving tbo jobber one hundred per cent, profit, Tho game is, to give a poor woman Iwo or three shirts to moke,' and to require her to depoMt t , as security 1 emphatically against tbe principles and policy of tho Slave Democracy, who had so long ruled In Indiana. This was dono on tho anti-Nebraska and temperance Issue, which was everywhere tendered. The wholo State, as far as it could be reached, was revolutionized. The hold overs in the Senate were beyond the reach of "popu lar sovereignty, ' and that circumstance left the Slave Democracy In a majority la that body. Now mark the conduct of these sticklers for "Democracy." The majority was against them the popular will had been expressed, but, rather thau allow the rr,omc to bavo their own way, they determine that no Senator or State officer shall be elected! A contemptible minority say to Ihe People, unless ws can have the officers, the public Interests may tako core of themselves! "Popular Sovereignty" may goto Kansas or Nebraska for aught we care ire go Jar the offices.' The sliuplo moral of alt this is, that a dema gogue, who Is shouting his love for the People constantly, will sacrifice legislative rules bis oath of office the "popular sovereignty" or anything else, for omc ul The people of Indiana will regulate Ibis outrage at the next elec tion. that all will be right. When the sbirls are returned, the employer finds fault with tbo making, and refuses to pay for tho work, or lo return tho two dollars. The Mayor baa takeu these swindling scamps In band, and declares ho will break up thai practice, let the cost and trouble be what It may. The wishes and prayers of all good a labors. From Santa Ft. The lost mall from Santa Fo brings news of troubles with tho Indians at various points. Some persons have been killed on each side, and stock tun been driven off. The legislature bad authorir.nl lire companies of volunteers, which had been accepted by General Garland. contrary it is well known that Gov. Reeder Is dally deuouueed iu Missouri by tho Atchison papers us an Abolitionist, liecause be protests against such interference; and efforts are making to have bim removed, simply because, llko many au Ohio Ncbraskalte, he was green enough to believe Douglas meant what bo Bald, when ho talked about "nyWur sovereignly." Ihe plan ot Ihe pro-slavery party Is, evident ly, by fraud, to got control of iho first Legisla ture of hanzas legalize Slavery, and then raise tbo cry, with their doughface allies in tho free States, that we mint acquiesce! Former citizens ot Ohio now lu Kaiizas write, that at the late election for Delegate, Missourlans in some iusUuu'S voted sij times at the same poll; and with Arms in their bauds surrouuded the polls, requiring voters to show their tickets, and threatening every one suspected of being mi favoiable to tho pro-slavery candidate. Kan sas cast ucar 3(100 votes, while Nebruska polled but 100O another proof of the Urge Importa tion of Mlssouriaui. Now It Is certain that a largo majority of tbo Congressmen jut elected by the people, will nut be disputed tu tolerate such a course of pro ceedings; and though the bold-over Senators, iu defiance or the expressed will uf theircou-titu-: onts, may refuse to obey instructions, like Cass, and restore the slavery prohibition of the Missouri oompromisc, yet th. y will hardly dart to vuto against a bill to proUct "popular sovereignty" which tbe next loner House should forthwith puss, puulshiu with severe Penitentiary penalties, simitar to our Ohio election law, the Illegal voters from .Missouri, who shall again attempt to interfere with the Kansas elections. If thu President, under the Wheats of tbe slave power, should veto such a measure, demanded, as U will be by the homtt men of all parties in thu uoiiutry, it will be easy lo insert it lu tbe general appropriation hill, and stick by it Such a law would tend, in some decree, to restrain tho aggression of the slave power, by prevent- and women will ho with him In his i '"8 Missouri from goreruing Kansas, until at the next Presidential election, tbu people got a fair sweep al the powers thai be; and then the full swoy of freedom Kill be reestablished by the "popular sovereignly" of the whole nation. The lata Nebraska ' popular sovereignly" House of Uepiesenlatlvus pushed a law repeal, lug a railroad charier, granted by the Miuuesota Legislature-certaluly no greater attempt to U(U il.- .I.........I1.. 1...,;.l,.rl t . I....!..... Uai.Cunningb-.tu. th Paymaster, was kuook.,1 j tUB a ,w ,0 nl uUipuB of Miiwmri down by three rurllans, In his quarters, and while ho was insensible, they ,ok tbo key of Iho safe, . dougljfuuc tTvn of ollio lo tlie Jtl. and removed from tho Treasury $ 10,000 and es caped. This waa a bold operation. Two Mcxt can gentlemen came over In the last mall train from Sauut Fo to Independence. The party had coutrol tho KlallIM Xm. tile,eloro the, linn witnlhn unit mat iik nn n ul,.iU. ' neuwiur auu iik. wim do ooatruciions. . , ..,. ... 11Pil..r, t)1(n,,0v,.. Wl.il la. Marietta Colleoi.-Wo W ,t 'sue In Ohio does "Sam" join? Let him speak- catalogue of Iho officers and students or Marl- or ".wm 00 su.pecieu 01 oen.rf a -miow-.-no- etta College for 18.rt-5. lt la neatly Dl lilted all wu uumi uo ueariinmt .1 wumgiuu. 11. tho Intelligencer office, and shows a continued slate of prosperity in that excellent institution. Going to Farminu. The Cleveland Leader says, Col. Webb, formerly of MsMillon, and late of tbe Union Hotel, Philadelphia, has sold ont that establishment for $44,000. Ho bos made his "pile," aud has returned to Massllloo for the purpose of farming on an extonsive scale. Ho has bought 1000 acres of land for $30,000, The tract is known as tho Sclpo Homestead. He In tends to raise large quantities of wheat He Is buying tbe choicest slock, aud Intends to establish a model dairy. With capital, energy, and intelligence, ho Intends to make his Me model farm In that rich aud beautiful portion of Ohio. All right. Wo wish our Stato had tnaay thou sands of just such men. Tub llKumixo Road. The Wheeling Gazelle of March ftth, says: " We inquire In no captious spirit, but because we find no Utile feel- log among those who have paid their money, what tho Hempfleld Railroad Company Is doing, To one who docs out know the particulars it looks as though the chief euglncer was onjoylnn the salubrity of an European climate, with two or three salaries pending over him, when then was 00 earthly ohanoe of getting money, and that the eorpa of engineers and officers were on salaries without muoh prospeot of the road being put tarougu at present" ti'TIunamtt ol such a law? Are they in favor of permitting tbe fraud In Kanzas on iho rights of bona fide squatters? These illegal voters will Correpondrnca of tha Ohio State Journal. Indianapolis, March 3, 1855. Nearly every important bill or measure re quiring to be disposed of by the present Legislature, has been, by some uuaccouulablo means, postponed till this time. There remain now less than twenty-four hours of this session In which bills may be passed, and yet there Is no law on tho subject of banking; Ihe appropriation bill bos not bucn passed; the apportionment bill has yet (0 be taken up, and not one of Ibo officers whose election lias elicited so much remark, has been chosen. This is a wonderful oversight of ail parties, so fur as tho former questions are concerned; of course it was the design of the Senate to prevent the election ot State Printer and U. S. Senator. The bill establishing a "State Bank with Branches," and the Free Bank bill, both passed tho two branches of tho Legislature. The lat has been vetoed by the Governor, and he Is said to be now preparing his veto for the Slate Bank bill. It is Iho general opinion, howover, that he cannot alter the vote of Ihe Legislature, and that both bills will become a law. They will go together; neither will pass without the other, ami if one fails, both are dead. To-night, at 12 o'clock, the Loglslalure adjourns, and several of tho most important matters of tbe session have yet to be decided. A bill has been introduced and passed, in the Senate, allowing tbe manufacture of liquor In the Stato Tor two years longer than was contemplated by tbo first law. There Is great danger that this will bo passed in the House, as It was originated io tbo Senate by Ihe Chairman of the Temperance committee, aud has been favorably reported opon hy tho same officer in tbo lower branch. It is difficult to sco how this Is advane- tho interests of thu cause they are aiming to serve. There was a very exciting debate iu tho House, yesterday, on the question ol taxiog the Block of R. It. companies. Several gentlemen became very personal, and the words liar and blaekgard were applied by the leader of the old lino division of tbo House, to a member who was unfortunate enough to differ with him in discussing tho bill. The U. 8. Senator matter Is up to-day, and faint hopes are cutcrtalued by some that the old liners will repent of their action at tbe last moment, and Hi at n choice may be made. Tho Lieut Governor, however, and other whippers-iu, are untiring In their labors Lo prevent backsliding. Some iniH)rlant busluess will yet be transacted before adjourning. W. Indiwaimlis, March ft, 1855. The Legislature adjourned yesterday at 12 0 clock. Although they bad permitted a quantity ot Important business to accumulate on their hands am bad but three days la which to dUpjtch two weeks' business, yet they actually accomplished more than might have been expected under the circumstances. Both Bank bill, as you know, were vetoed by tbo Governor. The Free Bank hill, with bis veto, were returned on Friday, and Immediately demand to raiso another bulwark arouud the T T on !B ' word, tt hencV- I ii(siiw m t utmu mu llivnueu Id BI1V Mate within the Union, bv a nernon holding a comnii-Hion, whether civil or military, from lh. rrc.wni oi tne Lniieu States, be shall henceforth have only a single safeguard, instead of that double panoply which has hitherto shielded him, and he must cither forego redress or seek ft in a tribunal of tho United States. In which justieo is administered by Judges appointed by the President and tho Senate, and irremovable, except on impeachment by the House of Reore- sen tat ires, mid, thorelbro, responsible in the least possible degree to that wholesome nublic opinion which Is the guardian of public liberty. Every postmanicr and bis deputy, every marshal aud his deputy, every mail-contractor, every stage-driver, every tide-waiter. every lieutenant. overy ensign, and even every midshipman, will marked that the Whigs were like sheep without a shepherd, and tho Democrats like a shepherd without sheep. It Is said thatsomoof the new Cuban bonds have been received at Washington from New-Orleans, aud that they resemble very much the bonds that were issued during the tiineol Lopez, It is rumored that the Chevalier Wykoff is writing tho life ot Bennett of tbo Ittratd. Herman Melville Is tho author of "Israel Potter," which has been publl.-hed ia nuiuliers lu Putnam's Magazine. The work is soon to issue in ono volume. Commander Andrew Foots will command tbo Arctic expedition in search of Dr. Kune. Prof. SlHiman of Yale College Is on a lectur ing tour on Chemistry. Hon. R. II. Pni'VN of Alhauy has been appoint ed Adjutant General of New-York. The "Wild Cats" beat tho Kitow-Noihlngs at lbs late election in Newport, Ky. Their majority ranged from 3 to 40 on the general ticket In a vote of a few less thau 8m). i-ix Wild Cats, and four Know-Nothing wore elected to the Cily Council. More than six hundred thousand dollars hav alreudy been expended upon the new Court Uouso la Cincinnati. It will tako some huu dreds of thousands yet to finisdi the work. It is thought there will be a Hindus of one million bushels of wheat In Oregon, of the lost year's crop. This will do much tnvard supplying the market of California. Tho public prluting of Die last Congress, up to tho last night of tho Session, nuiouuled tu $1,500,000. Twenty-one persons were sentenced to the pAnlKmiln.. i-'k!... .. ,1... I..,.. , ... th. Uonl'. Court. U i, . h...l city lor " rt w" riV0 "r ,"" !tlu- ' . Tho attempt failed, however, at thai llino, from the opposition of tho friends of the oilier institution of Slavery. Mr. President, as there is nothing new in tbe circumstances of this transaction, so It has hap pened now, as on all similar occasions heretofore, that everything foreign from the question at issue has been brought Into the debate. The introduction of these foreign matters has, as heretofore, been attended with a profusion of reproaches, mid calumnies, and epithets, as Inapposite to the occasion as they uro inconsistent with tbe decorum and dignity of an august Legislature. Those of us upon whom such denunciations, calumnies and epithets have Isl-cii showered, have endured them long; and I think no one will deny that wo bavo endured them patiently. To such Senators as have given utterance to their opinions in that form of argument, I make for myself only this reply that lliat field of debate is relinquished exclusively lo themselves. Now, as on similar occasions heretofore, tho relutious of political parties, and Iheir respective merits and demerits, have entered largely into the discussion. Sir, 1 shall forbear fromoutering into that purl of the debate, or tue reason mat j am addressing, not politicians, but statesmen. So far as the justice or expediency of the measure under consideration is concerned, it can make no dillerenco whether those who advocate It or those who oppose Hare Whigs or are Democrats, or belong to that new class of men who are iionularlv called Know- Nothings. Arguments based on such grounds may have their weight somewhere else outside of this Chamber, or possibly up there pointing to the gallery but certainly not down here. Inquisition has been made concerning the circumstances and Influences which atleuded the recent elections or members not only or this House, but of tho House ol Reorcaonlatives. for the purpose, nsltseems.ol awakening prejudices ngnmsi loose wnn oppose iue passage 01 tnis uiil. I givo notice to honorable Senators who have adopted this line of argument, that it is neither reqmrea oy mo people wuom 1 represent here. thetio alluHioni to tbe ssMy of this Federal Union. And these allusions have been addressed to me, although I have hitherto been content to be a silent listener to this debate. What do yon think must be the feelings ol man, himself a Representative of three millions, one-eighth of your whole people a Representative of one-sixth of all the freeman iu the Republic a Representative or even a larger proportion of the whole wealth of the country a Representative) of your wholo concentrated Commerce when he Unds himself surrounded by men who think that a community so numerous and intelligent, and enjoying such wealth and cherishing such interests, are so far habitually blinded by passion as to be disloyal to tho Union on which all their surely depends? Sir, I almost forgot my customary toleration, when I see around me men who know bow tho Interests and affections of their own homes cluster and entwine themselves with every fibro of their own hearts, and who yet seem to forget that those interests and . affections are the offspring of humanity Itself, and therefore common to all mon, aod suppose that lt Is treason against the country to protest against the oppression of any one of its many-and various mosses and races. I warn you, Senators, that you are saving this Union at a fearful cost This la a Republican Government -the first and only one that baa ever been widely and permanently successful. Every man in this country, every man in Christendom, who knows anything of tbe philosophy of Government, knows that this Republio haa been thus successful, only by reason of Ihe stability, strength, and greatness of the individual Statet. You are saving 'tbe Union of those Statos, by sapping and undermining tbe columns on which it rests. You reply ta all this, that there Is a newly developed necessity for this act ol' Federal aggrandizement Thero is no such new necessity whatever. Theourts of tbe several States havo exercised their concurrent Jurisdiction over officers and agents of tho United States for a period of sixty years, in cases which involved life, liberty, properly, commerce, peace, and war, subject to supervision by the supreme tribunals of the Union, and whilo Individual rights have boon maintained, the publio peace has been everywhere preserved, and the public sufety has never received a wound. During all that time, there has never been an agent or apologist of the Federal power, bo apprehensive for the publio safety as to oppose the measure which Is now before us. There has never been a time when such a proposition would have been received with favor. Thero bavo Indeed been discontents, hut they have boon local and trans-lent. Such discontents are incident to freefisool-oty everywhere, and they are inevitable here. It is through tho working of such discontents that free communities, acting by constitutional means, and within constitutional restraints, work out the reformation of errors, (he correction of abuses, and tbe advancement of society. All that has happened is a change of the scene of these discontents, resulting from a change In tho geographical direction which tho action of the Federal Government takes. Heretofore the murmurs of discontent came from the South. Now, th breeze which hears them sets In from tho North. When tho wind blew from a Southern quarter, the rights of tho citizen were not safe without tbe interposition of tbe Slate tribunals. Now, when it conies from an opposite point of tho compass, n Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Toccrt) requires Congress to prohibit that interposition, and to arm the Federal Government with new and potentlous power. Mr. President, all this trouble arises out nf the Fugitive Slavo law. The transaction in which wo aro engaged is hy no means the first act of a new drama. You began here, in 1793, to extend Into tho Free States, by the exercise nf the Federal power, the war of races the war of the master against the slave. The Fugitive Slave law which was ihen passed became obsolete. Though 110 great inconvenience was sustained, Ihe pride of the slavehnlding power was wounded. In 1850 you passed a new Fugitive Slave law, and connected it with measures designed to extend tbe territorial jurisdiction of tbe United States over now regions, without Inhibiting Hlavery. You wore told at that time, as distinctly an you aro told to-night, that your uow law could not be executed, and would become otisolole for tho same reasons that tbe old law had become obsolete that the failure of tho 01a law nau resulted, not from us want of s'-' gency, but from its loo great Btringenct.' were told then, as distinctly as you are now told, that your new law, with all its terrors, would rail, because, like the old law. and more than tho old law, It lacked tho elements to command the consent and aproral of tbe consciences, the sympathies and the judgement of a free people. Tbe new, law, however, was adopted in defiance of our protest, that it was an act of Federal usurpation, that It virtually suspended the writ of habeas corpus, that ll unconstitutionally denied a trial by jury, that It virtually commanded a judgment of perpetual Slavery to be summarily rendered upon ex parte evidence, which the party accused was nut allowed to refute In the due and ordinary course or the common law. You adopted new and oppressive penalties in answer to all these remonstrances; and, under threats and alarms for tbe safety of tho Union, the Fugitive Slave bill received Ihe sanction of tho Congress or the United States, and thus became a law. That was the second When murmurs and loud complaints arose, m i 11,1.1., lo nt nr H1.1. a..tn,;t nn,i Lkn 1 and remonstrances came in from every side, von . -I .. .- ..... -0,' .'. . i MUirlMl III ln .,,.1 llu.u.l .....,li...k ion orougoi an me great political parties in the United States into a coalition and league to maintain Ibis law, nod every word and letter of It, unimpaired, and to perpetuato It forever. All your other laws, although they might be beneficent and proptectlve of humau rights and human liberty, could be changed, but this one unconstitutional law, so derogatory from the rights of human nature, was singled out from among all the rest, and was to be, like the laws of the Medes nnd Persians, a decree forever. Tills was the third act. And where are yon now! It is only five years since the Fugitive Slave Law was passed. You have poured out treasure like water to secure its execution. The publio police, the revenue service, Ihe army and the navy, havo been at your command, and have all been vigorously employed to aid tn enforcing it. And still the Fugitive Slave Law is not executed, and Is Iwconilng obsolete. You demand a further and a more stringent law. Tho Federal Government must be armed with prosecuted before a Magistrate or Court, in tho immediate vicinage where his offence is committed, will defy tbe party aggrieved, and remove the action commenced against him into a Fede-, nil tribunal, whose terms arc rarely held, and j men ui remoio nnn practically inaccessmio i places. One-half of the trower residing In the I States Is thus to bo wrested from them at a sin gle blow, aud they will henceforth stand shattered monuments uf earlier greatness. Nu such change as this was anticipated by the frainers or our Federal and State Constitutions. They established tbe Federal Constitution chiefly for the protection of tbe wholo country against foreign dangers. They gave to It a stronger Executive than they gave to tho SlaW, resppe-tively. They established thn State Constitutions chiefly for the protection and defence of personal rights. They knew that this Central Government would grow stronger, and stronger, and would ultimately becomttan Imperial power. It baa realized that expectation, and has become even a Continental Power. Hitherto the citizen has enjoyed his double safeguard. one-half of his panoply be now torn away from men .,v ,u.. n..i.nA 1: Why shall enforcc ,(,, obnoxious statute. The bill beforw nor 8 it consistent with tboir dignity and honor! ! bim? What lawful and proper object of the Fed-! "Ti leeu that it ot i wnicti actmninMl Weir oUulco or lc8iLtor. nsm oi ion merci.. oi jiinwicuon oy Blair 8ir t i0k h , ,... t ro before tue wnr hi. Tuoy explain : uomi over omccn or tne united M.te.T UDn0 tbl.M lhju Th ' m h ,i,.ir V E,n.y Orator, from u,y Ljr. Why. then tbe aneient Uw .,,,1 ZLZTe in eplele ul,cl5t".. M. peetfiil to the Katcimen amind nie, , mm, AanyenT I. there danr W te I the linie, and wait to, ll event. 1 perforin mj otutva wuiuh 11117 repii-woi, wouia u " uu.-.v Vw (inly, the only duty which remain tor ma nnw ami iu expressing tu you my conviction tbat yon arc traveling altogether in Ibe wrong direction. If you wish to wcure rtspect lo the Federal voice from any SUte but that to which its rrp-1 Precedent, in every country, aro the .,, t Keeurn universal . .nil i.t.. rescntatives ao utterance. Nevertheless, Mr. rtufrway of tyrants. What is this preccdenl? , VJoi 5i?f President, I sliall not shrink from such an expo- t Is a law which protects the public' Treaaury, I "?T ZIS nil inn nf mv own nmn nna ami ao nil m ! m V WlllidraMiig I nun Iho State Uouria certain .1 . , . . . r The results Ihemsfllves. and disre: and to thu he. were I cnmstanccB of tho eleciious mode by tho.se ! Courts? That was not the doctrine of tbe ear- Stalea, I recognize every Seuatur here a Iho ! oT ''ays, and that is not sound doctrine now. exponent of Ihe opinions and principles of the j 1 demand, In the third place, a reason for lb aiaio irotn wmen uo comes. Ann 1 near uo collateral iwu, a rh.ll tend to dlarmlarrw ' '"'li' collector, of tho revenue. Who ,'","" ZZ TZl'l'Z'JZ M came, by relievine; H front iwju.t prejudi-. Mum. now, without more examination than ! vrair sj,.!.-- ir. i " ,,,a ;.,.. " ., directed inainat mjrtlf a. it. advocali i r H"W time for ua to maKe.on .hat ground. l. LikXc Fint, In i-eimd to what I. wiled the NeWa.ka ! ' ler what clreumMancer. or upon what txl- i "J " 'i"?. h ' ' ces, directed against my ft If as its advocate. Question. I I reel v rnnfou. tiiaL I ri,t-.l il. 1 gency, that single denarture from Iho aneient ' abrogation ot the Missouri Compromise by ihe system m made ? I do not know that 1 should The rrrsMtnri K catena for Vetetnt Um Nebraska bill nt the lust session a q unjust, I toivt been in favor or that departure. Nor can Meaner MIL unnecessary, dangerous, and revolutionary act. ,,u" hw ""at the innovation thus made, and j The President's veto or the Collins bill after I voted against it as snob. Let lhat voto stand j wl,,ch- now p end as a precedent, was ocees-1 giving the full Cnnzresaional history of the Col- ,.0. .uv, .uu ua..(n ( III iuv IIV.H If, 11 It I , t . JM-ev-vu..- lUp CIOSOS R The number of students is uliiety-two, aud the course of study Is as thorough and comprehen sive as any College In Iho land. Tho high de gree of Intelligence and refinement In the soci ety or that city, and tho established reputation of the peoplo for Kod morals and manners, make Marietta a peculiarly fit place for a first class literary Institution, We know of no point la tho nest which, in an equal degree, combines all tho necessary requisites. It 1b fortunate for tho Cullego tbat it Is in the bauds of men of talents and high character, and that It enjoya the oountcuanco and good will of a wealthy, Intelli gent and Influential class of patrons. It is jure to win a still higher position among the classic schools of the Uuloit. aTho Connecticut papers express surprise at tho course of Mr. Toixcr, one of tho Slave Democracy Senators from that State, who intro duced the famous supplemental fugitive slave bill. He had but a fow days left lu tbe Senate, as a belter man had been elected to fill bis place, aud be acted as If he thought ho must do some thing to secure an appoialmout from the Presi dent, and win tho favor of tho South. Wo shall see what reward Is tendered to him for his subserviency. The honest and true men of tho South were sstonlshed at the craven spirit of the man, and in the House declined to accept a boon which so plainly violated their cherished sentiments upon the question of Slate rights. tfThe New-York papers notice a libel suit which has just been tried and determined in that city, which is of some Interest to publish-1 en, as well as literary men generally. When tho late distinguished missionary, Dr. Jrusox, died, be left a widow and several children, with out much means of support. 1'ho widow mado arrangements with Rev. Dr. Waylanp to edit his memoirs, which were to he published lor Ibo beliellt of the family. Soou after, it was anuounted that a New-York publisher, named Flltciikr, proposed to publish a life of Mr. Judson. Thu widow at onco wroto to him, stating her arrangements for Ibis purpose, and begging of him to desist. Herself and a large family were mainly dependent Tor support upon the avails or the proposed memoirs. Justice (o her and the children of Iho deceased, required t!.at tliuy should have tho benefit of the publication, Fletcher refused to yield. Dr. Way land was notified uf tho facts, when he wrote a strong letter to a Mr. NoRTOM,censiirtng tbo course of Hotelier, Norton published Dr. Way land's letter in bjs paper, which caused sumo sensation. Thereupon Fletcher sued Norton for libel. The facts and docunwuti being shown to Iho jury, alter a Rill hearing, they brought in a verdict for tbo do fondant It was evident that tbe sympathy was where it ought to havo been, wtlh tbe children or the deceased-The reputation of Ihe plaintiff may have suf fered by the publication, but he had made him self obnoxious by bis own conduct. The verdict was a rigntoous one. crime. Tho Panama Steamship Company now send a special messenger from N. York directly through to San rraucUco by each vessel. Baggnge, Ac. Is cheeked through, and no further trouble or care Is required by the passenger. This Is a i good arrangement. j Charles King, President of Columbia College, 1 has for some timo betm engaged in writing thp life of his father, Rufus King. He claim for him Ihu authorship of tbo Ordinance of 1787. Romain. Madder, and Keeler, have lieen convicted of the murder of Dunbar, at Fort Wayne, lu January last. Thero is no doubt of their guilt. The Memphis Eagle says, there uro only three Whig papers la Tennessee, willed oppose any objection to Col. Gentry, ai tho Whig candidate Tor Governor. A violent galo swept over Klmyra, N. Y., ou the ulght of tho 5lb. Chimneya were blown down, houses unroofed, signs, boxes. Ac. wal- lered, and tho car house of tho Williamsport and Klinyra Road blown down, by which Ihreo engiuea were smasiied. MeCoy'a hotel was so. on um aim consiuerauiy aamagvd. There was a busy time fur a few minutes. Tbe People'i Antl-Adiuinistratlon Cuuveut hm was In session at Concord, N. H., on the Gib' Two large hulls were filled to overflowing. John P. Halo and others made speeches. Everything Indicates a sweep of the peoplo over (he ntave Democracy. Tbe Know Nothings elected Iheir Mayor In Auburn, ny zuu mnjorlty, but Ihey were defeat' od in Oswego, by live hundred majority. u Massachusetts, tho Know Nothing have carried tu out of the 50 towns beard from. In Detroit tho LooofocoB have elected their candidate for Mayor, by about COO majority. Tho Belgian Frigate Dei Ueneys bus been released by tbo health officer, and has pasted up to tho city of New-York. It is said that 58 or her passengers aro political exiles. pftt. H. Robinson, Ksq U. 8, Mtmhal for the Southern District nf Ohio, has selected George S. Bennett as his Deputy, J. Uimey Marshall, Esq., takes charge of the Cincinnati Enquirer In place of Mr. Kohluson. Hat, On Monday last, hay was selling In Cleveland at $23 per ton. Jamos Parks Is on trial In Cleveland for (be murder of Wm. Real son, at Cuyahoga Falls, In April, 1853. Tho defendant waa tried, convicted, aud sentenced in Summit county last year, but the Supremo Court reversed some decision sure, who wished to delay all action till Iho fate of iheir own bill was known. When, tbo next day, tho Stale Bank bill was also sent in by tho Governor, vetoed, Ihe count lo bo pursued was very plain. 1 ree Bank dicd and Slate Bank men, iu both branches, joined their forces, aud loth meaMire were curried through triumphant ly and in spile ot the breaks put on them by the -.xccutive. in this Mate, no larger majority is n quired to pass a measure after than before a oto, and thus all the effect It really has Is to make tbo Legiiialure rc-oonsidcr its vote. We now hare a Free Bank Law, stringent enough, uud sufficiently close and binding in all its parts, to protect tbe bill-holder and furnish a sound home currency. The features of the Stale Bank bill are not yet so well understood. hut it ts believed that, as it has been carefully digested and arranged, il will prove, a good syt- iem. it wilt not take long lo discover bow the two will operate In the sauio Held. Tho election of all officers, from U. S. Senator down to Librarian, was entirely aod Anally passed over, lo ino last moment the Old Liners held ont some bop. a that tho matter would Ik settled by compromise or otherwise but Wlllard, Bright, nnd other sagacious whippert-lu, succeeded lu keeping their party In solid phalanx, and preventing all bolting. Thus this fearful responsibility has Iwen rashly shouldered by thu " Democratic " party, and It remains lo bo seen whether such an usurpation of authority will lie sustained by the people. The apportionment bill, specific and general appropriation bills, and some other measures of importance, were carried through in great baste just at the close. Tho House passed a resolution requesting tho Governor to call an extra session of the Leglslaturo within the noxt year. It Is not ait nil probablo that ho will da this, although the condition uf affairs will alwoluloly require II. The laal forcuuon of tbe session was spent in adisgiacelul personal quarrel, which amounted almost to a row. Members ao far forgot themselves and their position, as to use the moat pro-futiu and Indecent language. Tbo bono of contention between tho contending legislators was Know-Nothlnglsm, Us character, tendencies and inlluenee. It is to be deplored, certainly, that our Legislatures cannot pass through a svswlon without those quarrels which dishonor not only henifflves hut their States. Mr. BolUm, ol this city, formerly State Librarian, and the husband or Mrs, Bolton, the poetess, has been appointed Consul at Geneva. Ho leaves soon, and will be accompanied by hie accomplished lady, must he so, or those Senators nho regard It as a cause for reproach. Certaluly, this ia not Ihu nine m jusuiy mm vote, a tiuie to do su, was when the vote was given, and Its vindication was then duly made. There in nrobablv anoth er time com lug for tin renewal ot tbut v iodic a- tion a timo tn tho uear ruture, wiieu Iho question of a restoration of Freedom throughout ibo Terri lories of Ibe United Stale will arine iu the Seuate. Then, if God shall ble.-w me with continued life, and health and strength. 1 liope ai;an to do my duty. To that future time I ad journ the argument on thu bill fur the abroga tion oi me sn.wouri isoniproiulse. There la moro of nrourietv In the d.uis- slons of the Fugitive Slave law. which have been rcoponed dunug this debate. 1 have no need, ... .e.n ,eei man in ani.cipauon. 1 can sec i ..Thr Acl of Juj n pr0T,d. ,Th!U now when the. precedent is pleaded to usliry a .hall be in the power of Congress at any time rnriber departure from Ihe ancient VVHtf.n.ab,.u-,af,erDiC. 31. leM. to terminate the arrange-dant reasoiiB to regret that the precedent was , ient for tbe additional allowance herein nrovl. evvrtaiai.iuued. ' dnl for upon fiiving six months' notice;' aud It j. ",w re is will lie seen that, with the exception of the six danger uf insubordination danger that (ho Mute tioveriiinents will nullify tbe laws of tbe Federal Government. This is always (ho ready plea for Federal usurpations. It in the snniu ground whieb tho British Government assumed towards British subjects in the American Coin- nles, when it iranspnrteil them beyond seas to additional trio required by tbu act of Julv 21. IK2, there has been no departure from the original engagement but to relievo the contractors from obligation! and yet, by the act last named, Iho compensation was increased from three hundred and eighty-live thousand to eight hundred ami iiiiy-cigiu inomana dollars, with no otber iw men lor ureieiiueo onerices, i uroelalm In : nPni -ti ....i.n i. ... your ear- here, and I proclaim before my conn- the right which Coiiricm rcervtd to ltlf to trynieii, that there 1. no neccnily and no .had- terminate the contract ao far an thia Increased ow olneceMity for thla great and learfnl change, t eomncnmil.in c,,l .1. -,.l,.. however, to apeak on lhat Mihieot. I have I'ollv '' rom over.v tribunal lu any Stato in the Union n..i,... Tl.i. u.i n,n.i.l..nJ...uii- . .i. debated It heretofore, on moro ocea,ioii than '" render. Una judgment that can .licet I rr consideration for Ihe moro cencroua acliou of one, in thia place. Kvoiy word of what 1 thru I """ ""J pnoiic omoer ol no l. Male., tho tlovcrnmcnl-lhe piwnt bill pronoaca lo raid, la recorded In the legialalivo lil.lory ol tho i 1 " "IIP' '"'he Supreme Court of the U. I ,,.,1, M ,0 u ' f w u L'uited Slat, There ia not a thought that I f'nioa rwcrvet to nun by tbe constitution and initial, the new arraiioenVenl. T, tin. would wish to add; there is not a word that ( am willing lo take awny. Time Is full surely i and quite rapidly enough resolving the iiientiu ! wbsher those were right who pronounced the' fugitive hlave law a nt, and necessary, ami constitutional aet. full uf healing to a wounded country, or whether thu biiuibto individual who now stands beiore you won right when lie admonished yon that thai law was unnecessary, unwise, Inhuman, ami derogatory from tbe Constitution, and lhat tt would never be executed without now and continued usurpations. The transaction of this night takes place, iu order that the words of that prophecy may be lu lulled. Wo here omit that portion nf Mr. S.'s .Speech In which he defines his relations with the existing parties and opinions of the day. Our desire is to present bis views, on tho question Involved in the discussion, unbroken, that thu reader may comprehend lis magnitude aud bearing, and be prepared to consider his duly lu relation thereto. Abolitionism and Know Noihingism, in the narrow light in which they are understood, have nothing lo do with the higher principle In vol red in Iho question. The bill, iu lis operation, if adopted and carried nut, would work a revolution in our system; It would change our Union of Independent Sovereignties into a consolidated Despotism, whose agents would move among us independent or control. Mr, Seward preenU the case In a clear, stalcsmanliko manner. worthy of the subject, deserving of deep reflec tion and study. Mr. President, 1 have made my way at last, through tho Intricate mares ot this discussion, to the actual question before tho Senate. The bill betoro us ia In Ihose words: 'If a soil be commenced or pending In any State Court, against any officer of the United States or other person, for or on account of any act done under any law nf the United Hlates, or under color thereof, or for or ou account ol any right, authority, claim, or title, set up by such officer or other per on, under any law of the United Slates, and tho do lend ant shall, at the first term of such Slate Court after the passage of thin act, or at Ihe first term of m-h tStale Court alter such suit shall h commenced, file a net i tion for Ihe removal of the cau so lor trial Into tho next Circuit Court to bo htdd in tho district where lh suit is ponding, or, II there be no Circuit Court in surh district, then to (ho District (.oiirt Invested with tho powers of a Cir cuit Court next to hejield In said district, and offer good aud sufficient surely lor his entering In such Court, on Ihe first day of Its seaalon, copies of Mid proeesn against him, aud alao for tils wore appearing and entertaining special ball in the cause, If speola) ball was originally re- laws of the United Slates; and that high tribunal can. merely by iu mandate, annul that judgment, aud discharge Ihe parly from all its consequences. This, and this alono. was tho semi- rity which your forefathers established to prevent the eviln and daugemof insubordination by Ihe Stale authorities, I proclaim, further, that wheu Iho constitution of the United Stales was submitted to tho peoplo In the several States to bo adopted by them, the chief objection which was urged against il, Ibe objection which was urged with the most zeal, the most energy, aud the most effect, waa, that iho liberties nt tho citizen would ba ltroocht lmn jVypardy by tho extended powers of iho Federal Jiniiciarv. so strenuously was (his objection urgen, mat mo constitution was not adopted uuiil il was demonstrated, by Hamilton, Jay and Modi sou, In tho Federalist (hat ih.. Sim.. jurisdiction, which you are now about to strike uown, wan ten iu tbe Mates, and could never tic w rested from them without au act or Congress, whteh there was no reason lo prosuuie wuuld ever be passed. Sir, this Is an Important transaction. I warn you Hint it is a transaction too Imisortaut lo lie projected and carried out with unusual and un-wemly rapidity. It is a transaction that will bo reviewed freely, boldly, and through long years Income, inn would havo done well to have given us a week, or a Hay, or si least one hour, to prepare ourselves with arguments to dissuade you from your purpose, and to Muy your hands. Sillier mo to say, with nil deference, that yon would have doue well If you bud allowed your stives time to consider moro deliberately (ho necessity for a mensure so bold, and (be consequences which must follow It I n'lteat. sir, that there Is ao necessity fur (his act. In every caso which Is Intended lo in-reached by it. (he mandate nf iho Supreme Court or the United Stales annuls the judgment of (ho State Court, which boa mistaken iu own iiowcrs,oi eiiero,u'bed upon tho Kedeml authority; and the Stale it-.'lf. with all its dignity and pride, falls humbled and aliased at thu foot of central and Imperial power, 1 habitually contemplate everything connected with tho development of Ihe resources and with the extension and aggrandueincul and glory uf (his my conn-, try, with au enthusiasm wbkh 1 am sure 1 do! not always find burning in the besitsof all with whom It is my duly to set In her Councils,! But. sir, I shudder w hen I think that this devel-1 opment , this extension, this ag grain! i foment, and thia accumulation uf glory, are going on firmly, I steadily, and uniahingly. sit (he expense ol these noble, Independent Stales; lhat tho majestic, dome, wbilo It spreads itself moro widely and erect" itaeir higher and higher, Is pressing Into crumbling fragments the pillars which consti-tulo It tni aud just support 81 r, wo havo had, on this occasion, aa we always have on painful occasion of this kind, pa- the objections are. in mv mind, li'.aooeralilo: 1m. cause in terms, it deprives the United States of all future discretion as to the increased service and compensation, whatever changes msy occur in the art of navigation, ilsbxpeiuos,or the policy and political condition ol the country. The gravity of this objection is enhanced by other considerations. W hilo Ibe contractors are to bo paid a comociiftuiion nearly double tho rate of the original contract, tbey are exempted front several ot its coudilious, which has tbe effect of adding still mure to that rale; while tbe further advantage is conceded lo them of placing their uew privileges beyond the control eveu ol Congress.' Il will b regarded as a less serious objection than that already stated, but one which should not bo overlooked, that the privileges bestowed upon the coniraciots aro without correspondent advuutngoa to the Government, which receive nu sutlloietil pecuuiury or other return for the immense outlay involved, while it could obtain the same service or other parties al less cost, and which, If Iho bill becomes a law, will pay them a large amount of public money without adequate consideration; that Is, will in effect confer a gratuity nhllo nominally making provision for ihe transportation ol iho malls or the United States, To provide for making a donation of such magnitude, and to give to the arrangement tbe character of permanence which this bill proposes, would 1m to dcpflve commercial enterprise of Iho bene Ills of free compel! tion, ami to establish a mouopoly In violation of tho soundest principles ol publio pollny, and nf doubtful compatibility with the Constitution, f am, of course, not uutuindlul of iho fact that the hill comprises various older appropriations, which are- moro or less important to the publio iiHrreiiaj for which reason my objections to It sr.i communicated at Iho first mooting or the House following lis presentation to me, in the hope- lhat, by amendment to bills now pending or otherwise, suitable provision lor all the object in question mar no made before the adjournment ot Congresa." How tiikv no tiiimjs in Ci'ha Mr.C. Nesve, who Is writing letters from Havana, for tbe Cincinnati Untitle, thus graphically recites a Sunday's experience in lhat moral cfty : "They do not keep all ihe commandments In Havana, nor aro Ihey governed ontirely by the ' Blue Laws.' For iusunce, let tue narrata bow J spent last Sunday. In tho morning I went to High Mass. at HI o'clock to the cock-pit, at 4 to the bnll-nght (Sunday being the only day Ihey are exhibited), and tn the evening to tbe Opera houso; and, If 1 had been so inclined, I might have wound np tho Sabbath at the masked bail, and other houses aud place too tedious to mention.' The standard of morality la rather low, and were It not for their excellent Catholic creed, but rkwi IVar would artrg! to Heaven," l