Ohio State journal and Columbus gazette (Columbus, Ohio : 1825), 1834-01-18

              PRINTED AND PUBLISHED Bit JOIVN Hll.llA.Clia. AND COLUMBUS GAZETTE. (Two Dollara Fifty Ccnta in Advance; (Ot, Three Dollars nt the end of the roar TERMS IVew Scries.... No. 25, Vol. III. COLUITIRIIS, SATURDAY, J&VUIIgV 18, 1831. Whole Number, 1319. JOURNAL & GAZKTTE. MINUTES OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OHIO, REI'ORTED FOR The Ohio State Joiirn.il. REMARKS OF MR. C0SII1.VG, (il oommittee or tlie whnlo House, nn the rciolulions of Mr Ilinkson relative to Weil roitit: Ma Cusmxo mill lie cheerfully took up the glove, wliicli the gentleman from Muskingum (Mr Keith) hnd in confidently thrown; ami ho hoped, heforo lio ant down, if high uuilinrity mill the unchanged opinion! nf men illustrious fur patriotism nnd talent, Imil nny weight on this floor, to show Hint the resolutions introduces! hy the gentleman from Clinton, (Mr Iliuksnn) should meet with no favorable notice frum the committee.Sir, niil Mr C, whatever nmy be Hie fate of the resolutions it it due to ll.o character of our State, In it Legislature, inn) to the .ovcrnmcut of the United Sluler, which we propose to imtruct, that wo ihouhl not lie luuty in running our opinions; anil that we ihouhl gravely ami patiently deliberate, before our votes ure recorded. Ohio, ynnlh-ful hi he is, il nmuiig the mint powerful Stntei in the Union, not only in her population iinil incxhnuitiblo rusuurocs, hut in tho high character nml credit the mstaiin abroad. Whatever we may iln as her Re-preioiitutivri, ihould be dnno with great CHiitiniii where wn interpose, especially, the action or tho Legislature in public nf- fairs, that nre not altogether legitimate sub- ' . :.... I ....... l.n ,' IlUn ' level jeoli lor our cniisiiicruuuii. .....j that if theie reiolutioni are ndopted, the Xlilitnrr Academy at Weit Point will bi abullihed; nnd if inch n result may in any," contingency happen, through our agoncyj we will nothavo faithfully represented timid who lent ui here, ir we act haitily. It ni therernre, wiie to pnuie ere wo tako ant tep, which, ai private imlividiiuli, or legij-lilton, wo may have came to regret. I I propoie to treat all tho topici invnlvad in tho reiiilutinui, nnd not confine myself to il.. ummidiucnt nmiioied by the gentleman from Butler (Mr Vance;) nnd in to doing, I ibull not trench on nny rule or order, iu I have the authority nnd example or lh gentleman from Muikingum, (than which there il none better on this floor,) that, itl disoussing the nuiendmciit wo may go into the whole suhjeet. The remltiliiina nssumo the broadeit pns ihle ground. The West Point Academy is denounced "ni unwiirrniited hy the Cnneli-tution or the United Stntei, riimlnmentally wronr in nrineinle. partial in ill operation' ami wholly iucuniiilenl with tho spirit and gcniui of our lihernl institutions." Li t in see, sir, whether fncti and the biitury ni this Institution will henr the mover out in this sweeping denunciation. As far my recollection nml rending serve me, I believe I am safe in saying, that the cnn'titulionality of this establishment, has never heforo been questioned in nny deliberative assembly. It was reserved for the Legiilntureof Ohio, to make this grand iliseoverv i uml nut it forth to the world ui orthodox doctrine. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, whose oouncctinn with tho politics nnd institutions of the country, was eoevnl with the formation of eur syitem or government, nnn nas oeen in rreutrr or less degree ooiilinnnus, never dreamed that tho West Point Academy win "unwarranted hy(heCuinlilutinn,"nr"fuii-daincntally wrung in principle." To prove this, I must be indulged in quoting from the Messages or Washington and his iiieceisnrs. In the Message of tho Father or his Country, delivered to Congress in theyear 17J3, we Slid the following suggestions I 'I ennnot reoominond to your notice mns- ares for the fulfillment of our Duties 10 tne resi of the world, without again pressing upon you the neoessity or plnoing ourselves in a OOlHlltlOU 01 OOinpll lO neil'llto, nil" i."u- ingfroia them tho fulfillment of tin ir duty towards us. The United States ought not to Indulge a persuasion, that, oonlrary to the order of human events, they will, lurever, keen nt a distanco loose painful appeals lu arms, with which the hiitory of every other nation abounds. There is n rnnk due tn the United States among nations, which will he .withheld, if not absolutely lust, hy "e repn. ration of weakness. U wo desire to avoid insult, we must be able to repel it j if we de. siro to secure peace, one of Ihe most powerful instruments or our rising prosperity, it must be known that we nre nt all times ready or war. The do.-nujenli, which will be pre. sented to you, will show the amount, nnd kinds of anus uml iiiihtury notes now iu our magazines and arsenals! and yctnn addition, sveii to these supplies, cannot, with prudonee, be neglected, sis it would leave nothing to ihe uncertainty of procuring a wnrlikn apparatus, in Ihe moment of public danger. Nor onn such urrangemenls, with such objects, be exposed to theeemuie of jealousy or the wat most rriends or llepublicun Gov-eminent. They are incapable or abuse iu the bands ir the Mililin, who ought to pos-less a pride In being the deposing) ur the force of the Republic, and may be trained to a de. grce of energy equal to every military exigency or the United States. Hut it is an inquiry, which cannot be too solemnly pursued, whether the act "more eneotimlly to provide for the national defence hy establishing an uniform militia throughout tho United States," has organised them so m to prmliiee their lull effect t whether your own rxpori. enec, in tho several States, hns not deleoled ... iiiio.rfeolions in the scheme i nnd wheth er a material frnture in an improvement nf it ought not tnhe, tnnlford an opportunity for the study or those branches nf the military art whioh onn sonrocly ever be attained by practice nlonol" Here, sir, wo have, in language not to be misunderstood, the solemn opinion nf one, whose oniiiions are entitled to the highest veneration, (in all matters, which he bad mnde Ihe subjects of reflection,) Hint nn institution wherein the nrt of war should be taught, was not only no', unconstitutional,, but of pressing necessity. I am, for one,; willing to Inko the niillierity of Washington on this question, nml look no further; hacked as he is, hy the concurrence of as distinguished statesmen, and indomitable pnt lints, ns nny country, so new in existence as our own, can, or could ever bnnst. Dot, gentlemen my that wn nro not to he deter red from sober inquiry; that it is too lute in the day lo slide investigation, by nn "nrrny ol groat names." Why, sir, it is not inv purpose, nur do I suppose it is tho purpose or those who think with me on tins question, to attempt to slide inquiry into our civil polity. No man would he mnro willing tn resist such nil ntlcmpl, with hand nnd heart, thnn myself. As the gentleman from Clinton (Mr Ilinksou) has well said, men nre fallible, nml we should not indiscreetly trust In what great men have saiil on subject', open to investigation, nnd on which our own minds should net independently. Hut I do maintnin, that it would be the extreme of folly, to lling nsido ns antiquated trash, tho ntithnrity of tho fathers nf the Country nod tho Constitution, when called upon to express nur opinions, hy resolutions such as the gentleman has offered for adoption, on sn import nut a proposition ns tho one tieforo us. Where are we, who hnvc been seldom compelled tn exninine iuln the extent of tho powers delegated hy the Constitution, or reserved to the people, tn Inok for instruction or precedent nf u more nil-thoritative sort, than is found iu the testimony of the men whn composo this "array of great names?" Surely, sir, wo will not be told, (hat new light has broken upon (he people us to the e.oiititutional question? It appears to me, that if nny reference is lo be made, to establish tho nssnmptiou, that the existence nf this Institution is iincnusti-tulional, that reference should be made tn the sayings and doings of thnso who assisted in framing nur great charter. Upon this ground, nud considering that the pas- sago of the resolutions ssiitzlit bo pregnant with evil, I have taken pains tn gather their npimnns, and with the permission nf the committee, will again quote front Washing ton. Ihe extract quoted is in Ins Message tn Congress of 1736. After speaking of Ihe necesiily of establishing u rXaliojiu) University, he says The inititution of n Military Academy is s.i reooininuuded by cogent reasons. How ever pacific the general p slier of a nation may he, it ought never to he without nn ad equate stock of military knowledge lor emer gencies. I he lirst w in! I impair tho energy of its character, an 1 bath would hazard its safety, or expose it to greater evils when war could not bo avnidel. Besides, that war mi 'lit often not depend unon its own choice. In proportion ns the observance of pacifi'i maxims might exempt n nation from the necessity nf pnict icing Ihe rules of the mil itary nrt, ought In he its cam in preserving and transmitting, hy proper e.tahlishmcnt., thek iuwli dgcnf that nrt. Whatever argument may he drawn rrum particular examples, superficially viewed, n (borough exam ination of the subject will evince, that the art of war is nt once comprehensive nnd eomalicated ; thnt il demnnds much previous siiidyt nnd Ihat the possession of it in its most imprnvrd and perfect stale, is always of great moment tn the security of a nation This, therefore, ought to be a serious enre of every Government ; and for this purpose. an Academy, where a regiilarcnurse nt instruction is given, is nn obvious expedient, which different nolium hnvc successfully employed."Is them a doubt nn the mind of nny one, whn hns given even hut partial nttention nnd reflection In this nue.tion, thut the first President of tho United Stale., nnd whn was nlsn President of tho Cniiventinn which framed tho Constitution, would have thus spoken on so important n subject, if he en tertained tho shadmv of n ilniiht ns to the right nf Congress to rxercisn the power of establishing the School recommenced? Nn one, who knew Washington, or aught nf his ohnracter, would bo willing to father such an imputation. But, sir, I do not atop here to prove Ihe assumptions of the first resolution most palpably baseless. Jefferson holds the follow ing language, in a special Message to Congress, of dalo March IB, IrjUBi si The scale nn which the Military Academy, si West Point, whs originally estnhliihril, is become Inn limited tn furnish the number of well instructed subjects in the different bran dies of nrtillery and engineering which the puhlio service culls lor. the waul ol sucn ahiirnolers is ulrendv sensihlv frit, nml will hn inorenied with the enlargement of our plant ol military preparnimn. I ne tniei en gineer having been instructed In ennsider the subject, and tn propose nn iiugmentnli.n which m ghl render the establishment commensu rate with the present circumstances of our nountrvi has made tho report which I now transmit for Ihe consideration nf Congress. The idea suggested hy him, of removing the institution In thi place, is nlsn wnrthy or nl. trillion. Hind's the advantage or placing it onder Ihe immediato ry o of tho Government. II mnv render i ' breed's onmmnn to Ihe Naval Department, nnd will furnish opportunities of selecting, on belter information, Ihe characters most qualified to fulfill ihe duties which the publio service may call for.'K If mere has ever been a President of the United States, more jealous than another or encroachments upon the Constitution, that President was Thomas Jefferson. Yet, in the Messace read, there is not Ihe hint of a doubt as tn the power of Congress to sustain Ihe Academy; on the contrary, an enlargement is recommended, that Ihe ranks of the Arlillory, and the Engineer Department, mtiiht bo tilled Willi scter.Ulic ofliccrs. .Mr Madison, who wag a distineuislied end leading member of the Convention, thus speaks in hie Message of 1810, when we were on the eve ol war: The Corps of F.nrincers. with the Military Academy, nre entitled to the early attention or Congress. The buildings nt the seat fixed by law at Ihe present Academy, are so fur iu irony ai noi to nilnril Ihe necessary noenm- inodatiun. Hut n reviinn of Ihe Inw is rec ommended, princip illy with n view tn a more enlarged cultivation nnd diffusion of tho ad- Vuntii.gei of such institutions, hy providing Jirofe'sorships for all Ihe necessary branches ,nf military instruction, and hy Ihe establish. Iment nf an additional Academy, nt Ihe lent nl troveinment, or i-l"esliern. I tie menus hy which war, ns well for ih fcnee ns for n(. fence, is now carried on, ronderthesa ichnnls nf the more scientific operations, nn indispensable part nf every nnVqnute system, '-veil among nations, whose large stnmling nrmies-iaiid frequent wnrs afford every other oppor tunity of instruction, these establish menls nre found to bn indispensable, fur the due attain inent of the branches uf militaiy snienee which require n regulnr conr.p nf study nnd experiment. In a Government, happily without Iho nther opportunities, seminaries, where tho elementury principles nf the art of wnr can bo taught without actual war, nnd without the expense nf exlen'ivc nil. I standing armies, hnve the precious advaninge nf imi-tin? nn essential proparntinn against externnl d inger, with a scrupulous regard lo internal salety. In no oilier way, prnnauiy, can a nrnvision, nf ennui cfliciicy fur Iho public de fence, be mnde nl so little expense, or more consistently with the public liberty." Mr Monroe, in his Messaffoof 1822, holds ,the following language: i "The Military Academy forms thebnsis, in regard tn science, nn whhdi Ihe military establishment rests. It furnishes, annually, nf-ler due examination, and nn Ihe report of Ihe scademio stuff, many well informed youths tn fill tho vacancies which occur in the sev-eral corps of the army ; while others, who re tiro to private life, carry with themsach nt-latments, ns, under the right reserved to the nveral States to appoint tho nflbe rs and tn triiin Ihe militia, will ennhlo them, by affording n wider field for selection, tn pr.nnote the great object nf the power vested in Con gress, nf providing for the nrcanijing, arming, nnd disciplining the militia. This", by the mutual anil hariiinninus oo.nperntion nl the two governments, in Ihe execution nf n power divided between them, nu object nl-wnys to ha cherished, the ntlnitiineiit of n irrcol result, nn which nur liberties may depend, cannot fail In be sonure I. I have In a id, that, in proportion ns our regular force is small. "11011111 the instruction nnd di-cipline of the mililia, Iho great source on which we rely, he pushed to lhi utmost extent that circumstances will admit. " Further. Mr Chairmin, I will venture lo call the attention nf iho committee lo Ihe opinions nf John Q,. Adams, (if I rrny be permitted to nnma bun on tins noor.) enn-finnintr. sn far as his authority will go, the correctness of interpretation which brtalhes in Ihe Messages or n predecessors. Al ter speaking of other national matters, lie says: "Of these great national undertakings, the Academy nt' West Point is among the most important in ilself, and tho most comprehen sive in its cou.equenoes. In nun insiiiu-lion, n pari of tlm revenue o( the nation i' nnnlicd to defray Iho expnise nf cduoutioir a competent portion nf her youth, ohiefly tn Iho knowledge nnd the ilulns ot military life. It is the living armory of Ihe nation. While the other woiks of improvement enumerated, in the reports now presented tn Ihe attention of Congres. are destined In nmeli-oratn the face nf iialurci tn multiply Ihe facilities of com aiunication between the different parts nf (ho Union! tn insist the labors, increase Ihn comforts, and enhance the enjoyments nf individuals; the instruction ac quired nt West Point enlarges Ihe dominion and expnnds Ihe onpncilirs nf Ihe mind. Its beneficial results are already experienced in Ihe enmpositinn nf the Army, nn I Iheir influence is felt is the intellectual pm-eressnf society. The institution is susceptible still nf great imprnvement from benefac (inns proposed hy several successive Bonrds nf Visitors, tn whoso earnest nnd repented recommendations I cheerfully ndd my own." Another authority I have, air. lo this point as to its constitutionality. Gen. Jackson has often spoken of the necessity of exercising no powers but such as arn clearly delegated. Scarcely a single Stale paper hns emanated from the present Executive, w hich has not enforced at greater or less leneth. this necessity. Dot, sir, that distin guished porsonaje, it ivoulU seem, has never permitted himself to believe, for a single moment, Ihat the .Military Academy is "unwarranted by Iho Constitution," "fundamentally wrong in principle," or "inconsistent with Ihe genius and spirit of our liberal institutions." Hearken, sir, to tho follow, ing extract from Iho President's first Message!"I recommend to your fullering care, ns one of nur safest mentisnf national dlennn, the Military Academy. This institution hns alremly exercised the happiest influence upon the moral and intellectual character of our armyi and such of Iho griiduntes ns, from various caines, may not pursue the profession ofnrras, svill he scarcely less iise'nl as cili-sens. Their knowledge or Ihe mililary nrt nill be ailvnntageninly employed in Ihe militia service! nml iu a mensnre secure to thnt class of troons. Iho ndviinlnges which, III this respect, belong to standing armies." It has been said hy the gentleman from Clinlon, that had Washington lived until now, ho svould have been convinced that the Academy svas an excrescence on tho body politic which should be cut off. That the people of this country lvere becoming more enlightened, that many of the opinions held by the prominent contemporaries of Washington and Jefferson had become nbi-olto. This might be altogether true, bill there has been but one opinion on lhi) suhject, since the first administration up to Ihe present one, as I have shown, and it ivo have become more enlightened in solving the intricacies of constitutional law, I am fortified n mv argument hy that very Met, Tho perfect right ot congress loesiaumn tn institution ol mis son, men, unuer ine nnwnrs eranted bv the Federal Constitution, is liko ono of those truisms which neilhor time, nor circumstances, nor increasing intelligence, has altered. But. Ihero is nn txprtsi power", fay me iremleman from Clin'nu, delegated lo Con gress, tn establish a Mililary Academy; if any such power exisis, ii is uenvcu irom implication, or latitudinarian construction. Let us examine Ibis proposition: Tho 8th section of the 1st nrliclo or iho Constitution of the United States provides that Congress shall have power to provide lor tho "common defence," and also "lo raise and support armios." It is contended that tho Academy has no connection with providing for the "common uerenco," or mo raisin ' and supporting of armies; that the power of establishing a .Military School rests upon tho satno ground as the supposed power lo establish a National University. All this I deny, without qualification. By the lnv, a cadet, when matriculatod, is oit'tsi an officer of tho army. Ho is put upon a list for promotion, and should he be qualified, at the end of a given term, he has a brevet rank. I ask gentlemen whether tho education of young men for war is nnt ono step towards Iho raising ana support- ng of armiesr wneuier u s n". num. nun k.s ii.o nrnduates of this much abused Aendemv should fill up the ranks of the army in ponco and in war? If 1 am an-sworcd that such is tho meaning nf Con gress, tho conclusion is irresistioio mat Congress has not transcendod any power granted; but on tho contrary, in the support of the Institution, by annual appropriations, is carrying into successful action a power expressly granted. True, sir, there sro no such words in tho Constitution as "West Point Academy;" bat it seems to me that the power to establish such a school is none ihe less express, albeit those words aro nol to be found. As to the expediency of continuing our appropriations for the support of this school, I wish to say a few words; and shall be under the necessity of troubling gentlemen. by again drawing upon the old "array of great names lor authority to malio good the positions I have taken. In all matters pertaining lo war, 1 take it, Ihat the opinions of the aforesaid George Washington nre, in a very great measure, authoiilative. The strong language be uses in recommending to Congress tho establishment of an Academy whero the art of war should hj learned, I sny again, has more weight upon my mind, than all tho wire-drawn, hairsplitting theories, which have yet met my eye or car, in or out of this House, nn this subject. Washington, if man ever did, understood Hie necessity of discipline in repelling invasion or carrying on offensive war. When he recommended this object, what was the condition of this blooming land? America, sir, did nnt spring into being like Venus gracefully rising from the ocean; no, she travailed into a gasping existence, reeking with the blood and sweat of a stormy revolution, oppressed with debt, nnd torn by local jealousies. A Constitution was framed, and the elements of a no iv revolution smothered. And yet, sir, oppressed as we were with debt, the Father ni his Country was willing lo incur the expense of forming a nucleus around which, under emergent circumstances, an army might bo speedily gathered. Every one knows, who is at all acquainted with the history of this country, the difficulties encountered hy our fathers, in the beginning of tho revolution. After two or three partial successes, Ihe first two yenrs of the war, was the duration nf a series nf sad and disastrous reverse. Tho llri tisli arms, triumphed in nearly every butlo; and the cross of St. George mniiiluincd on our frco soil, t lie same ascendency over our young eagles, tint il claimed and made good on the sens. 13 it, when our iron sires had gained that knowl edge and discipline, absolutely necessary in siiccesslul wnrraro, the scene was chang ed. After they had been literally beaten, into I le science of war, when officers ami soldiers felt their ability tn copo with the veteran enemy, a succession of glorious victories ended in llio entire enfranchisement of the infant republic. Says the gentlemnn from Clinton, it did nnt require cadets, educated in a military school, lo achieve our independence: it was the noble cause in which the patriots nf tho revolution engaged, that enabled them lo bUllo successfully for tho rights of man. True, it is, sir, tlionrmiesof the revolution wore nnt filled up with cadets; and I will not dispute, that, that fervid nnd absorbing love of liberty, which characterized our ances tors, supplied, in a great degree, me lack of discipline, in many n hard fuiight field. "Thrice is he armed, who hath his quarrel just;" nnd no inerccnnry Irnops of any country, unless they were well trained veterans, could hope to contend with a people, defending their cornfields, and their hearth stones. Sir, I fur ono, cannot sec, how it is, that this argument of the gentleman, bears with nny force, ngainst the I nstitution. Tn prove the cutiro usclessness of an Academy, of the sort under discussion, the gentleman triumphantly rolers to the cn rcer of Napoleon. Ho asserts, that the innst distinguished of his generals, were trained to nrms ill the camp. This is in pari correct; but many of thoin, it is well known, wero the graduates nl illililnry Academies; nnd it is matter of history, thnt such schools, woro his especial favo rites, The argtnnont, howover, is in itself suicidal, when tho namo ol iNnpnlcon is introduced, lo give it effect, I ask, where did that extraordinary man obtain an edit cation, thnt, combined with his peerless genius, enabled him to turn to his will the fierce revolutionists of France, and in iho end to nlaco upon his head, al an early age, the imperial diadomt Where was il, he imbibed that unsurpassed science, in nfiensivo wnr, that, in a few days made Toulon, considered an almost impregnable fortress, a pilunl ruins, and advanced linn to the rnnk of a llrigndier General, in tho French army, ot the age nf twenty live! here, sir, but at the Military Aca demies of Uridine and Paris? If France, had nnt supported thoso Academies, Irom the public treasury, in the course nl ordinary human events, it would have been impossible Ihat Uuropc, could have been ngitatod, as eho was a few yeara since, and at one tiino, noarly subject to Ihe behest nf a conqueror, who sprang, as if by tnngie, from obscurity to a throne. Whether the sons of blood shed, and tho king doms rent to pieces, to contribute tn his unprecedented rise, were for tho welfare. ur greater happiness of llio world, is untie ccssary lo disciss. It is sufficient for my argument, that the man who could do so much for good or evil, as a warrior, was the rraduatoof a .Military Academy, As for my own part, the more I have read of thit great man, the loss liavo 1 1 mod nun fiir I could never shut my oyca tn tho wide enntn'st between hn career, and our own Washington's. Hut, .Mr Chairman, I am not yot done with mv "array of great names." Thoro aro others, distinguished in poaco and in war, who hnvo borne their testimony in favor of the school. Among tho most pro minent, may bo ranked Col. It. .M- Joint- sou of Kantucky, and Mr Kdward Living-slnn. Hy reforunco to the journals ofCun-gress, it will bo found that Col. Johnson, offered resolutions to inquiro into tho expe diency of establishing avii'uto'ioi limitary Acadotnics, thrco cunsocutivo sessions, shortly after tliu war, and twice reported bills for that purpose, i ins wv, imppuiieu at a time whun tho nation ivns a dobtor to tho tuno of nearly a hundred and lilt millions, anil when overy unnecessary expen diture was voted down. 1 here was no lelinitivn action, on any of these proposi tions. They worn permitted toiioammg iho unfinished business, for aught that 1 know, up to the present time. It will not bedaniotl, I prcsum that tho gallant (Jul. was as well acquainted ns any outer man, who over fired a pistol, or swayed a clay, mnro, at ihn head of brave, but raw militia, with llio aocessUy or science and discipline inttmo nf action. His, I take to In excellent authority. Resolutions nf inquiry of tho kind, I have spoken of, were afterwards introduced inloCniigrp.se by Mr Cook of Illinois, nnd Mr Uohiiison nf Kentucky; and during the session of 1323-24, Mr Livingston moved by resolution or bill, an enlargement of the Academy, so that it should contain (Ivc hundred cadets. Mr Henry of Kentucky, in 1825-20, who was an officer in tho late war, moved a resolution of inquiry on the expediency ot establishing nn Academy nn the Woslern waters, which was ndnpled. All theso wore passed over, among the unfinished business as I believe. This is certain, Ihat Congress never expressed nny opinion, nt wnr with the usefulness of the school. Hut, sir, I must tax the patience of tho committee with yet nnothor autho rity, l was informed by a gentleman, tuts morning, Hint Uen. Harrison, wlnien member of the other branch, stated in his place. thnt had it nnt been fur the skill nnd science of Capt. Wood, in preparing Fort Meigs lo encounter a stego in lyltf, that post, with its defenders, would have fallen into tho hands of the enemy. Captain Wood, was a graduate of West Point; nnd so highly did Gen. II. appreciate his services, that when tho northern counties wore being named by tho Legislature, tho county which contains the ruins of Fort Meigs wns,nn the motion of the Genernl, named after Wood. This simple fact, speaks volumes in favor of this dorided Bchnnl. By referenco to the journals, I find, on the other hand, authority for tho demolition of this Institution, which for the benefit nf gentlemen, I will briefly ndvert tn. At the session nf 1310-20, Mr Cannon of Tennes see, fired a shot at the fortress, by way of resolution; ngatn in 1020-21; and again, by wny of amendment to a bill reported, making certain appropriations. The scope nf tho amendment was lo repeal all the laws touching West Point, and sell out all the property of the United Slates held in it, whether real or personal. This wise amendment wns rejected by a vote nf 110 to 27. The last attack made, wns by the iinuinrtnl Col. Crockett, nnd resulted in an nnlnvornble report. These Inst authorities, which I have taken tho pains lo collect, are backed by the gentleman from Clinton, with cnrtntii sayings ot ohn lundoipn. In my judgment, no prominent man's name or opinion shnuld have less weight nr inllu enco nn a questinn of this kind than his. Hn wns, iinauestionahlv, a rnr.n ol great talent and varied learning; but I h ivo never heard that ho ever toiled, as tho leader or follower of a forlorn hop?; and I hnvo yet to learn tint ho ever saw a pitched field. He know as little of active military service, as you nr 1, sir, and was, probably but little better able, so far as cxperienco'would go, to decide on a question of this kind. Hut nf all men in broad Virginia, or in this wide ompiro, there never was one, who so long occupied a high place in the public eye, ns consistent in repealed inconsisten cy, ns John Randolph. Tho history of llio p ilitics of iho last few years inform you, that the principles advocated by him in ono year wero disavow ed hy him in the next; a Jeffirsonian democrat, ho condemned ihe declaration ofin- ilependenco as a " ranloronndo ot ahstrac-linns;" he took office under tho present ad-minietrntinn, (a thing lie always professed to scorn.) and after pocketing his salary, without tho rendition of nny service, and nfter glorifying the present chief magistrate ns llio guardian nngcl ol llio constitution, turns rnund and writes him "Andrew Jack- snn, Esquire.'' These are not the tithe of his inconsistencies and political vagaries, The truth is, that the adduction of his authority in this place, is but a frail and slender sliil't to prop a des pirate cause. The argumints of the gentlemen f,-nm Clinton nnd .Muskingum, do not, howover, touch any thing as to the usefulness or gov eminent of the Academy, further than the mode by which cadets gain admission, IVovv I will admit, that much of favoritism has been practiced, but I must at llio same time aver that very little has fallen under my notice, so far as Olno is concerned. The principal complaint to bo made on this scorn, attaches to tho emit hern mates. UI tho few I have known admiltod, going from Ohio, many ol them hive been young men in very innck'rate circumstances, and some of thorn really indigent. I am as willing as the gentlemen can bo to lend a helping hand in so reorganizing tho institution, that in Iho admission of cadots, no ono class shall havo facilities or pre'erencos above another; but I am unwilling to set upon it the seal of reprobation, becauselhe existing laws which regulate it aro defective It would seem, from the deep denunciation which the resolutions bestow, thai there is no device or means by which the Inws mny be beltered, and so it would seem from the arguments anil sophisms made ti60 of to sustain them. There never was yet a human law so vicious or so lame, nor yet one sn ported, that it nngiil not do made better. Shall we lilt up our own hands and say, when a law is found to bo inefficient or defective, that we cannot amend it for llio better! I hope not; and I cannot resist the conclusion, tint iho-o must inimical to the institution, loso sight of its roal usefulness in their abhorrence of the favoritism which it is said govern appointments, the which I maintain might easily bo remedied by the laws. It is this feeling that impels gentlemen to c intend ihat it is'-fundamentally wrong in principle, parti il in its operations, and wholly inconsistent with llio spirit and genius of our liberal institutions." Il would scarcely be-como mo sir, to atiO:lipl to point nut a judicious alteration nf tho existing Inws, and I shall therefore not presume to do so; but I trust that 0 ingress will ore long attend to tlio evil complained of so as to slop further clamor. It is h irdlv worth wliilo, sir, to add any of my own rolleclions to tho mass of authority which has been presented to- provotho COIlSlllUllouuiliy nun UApeuionuy, ui iiriin- taming ono or more Acadeinios like Hiatal West Point. Much might be laid in addition to what lias been said, perhaps, but I am content to rest the question Hero. A fow words, sir, as to the spirit which is the primo cause of this crusade against tho Military AeaJen.y, and I Itavo dnno. Let it bo ni) lorslootl, however, inn i uu um impoHch the motives uf the mover ol llicse resolutions, nor thoso ofothur gnnllninuii who rcay eo fit to advnoato thoir parage, in any remark which I mny have nrcasion to maku ou this point. Common decorum, nnd lbs respect 1 entertain for tliu gentlemen who havo spoken to tho question, fur-bid it. Hul, lit, I am compelled to say that the bug-boar term "aristocracy" ji more used to put. down the vhnnl, than nny thing like sound nnd substantial argument. It seems thnt all, who nro not afraid, nn this floor, to maintain tho constitutinnalily and usefulness of the Academy, nro tn be branded as aristocrats. Aristocracy! I affirm sr, that it has no existence in this country, unless it he that of genjiis, talent, and integrity combined, and such an aristocracy 1 hopo will never b'! hunted down. Alen of one parly are branded with the epithet, by another party, ami tho epithet ni) plies to neither. For instance, nearly half ino voters or unio supported a particular man for the presidency last year, nnd more than a half supported another. The majority forthwith denoiiuco almost half nl the yeomanry of Ohio, both rich and ponr, noble nnd ignoble, as "nristoorut6," and claim for themselves the title of "democrats." Well, sir, whore do you find your most thorough going demicrnts! Bitween tho handles of the plough, in the workshop-, or, oxo in hand, in the furcjt! So air. The democrat of tho present day has no af finity with the democrats of 03. Your most thorough going modern democrat is as often found in Ihe fopling gent of our Inrgo cities; your chnp who nips Ins uoois with his rattan whn sports his guard chain, and lalso collar, or true collar, if you will and who would scorn to passa civil greeting with one of my constituents, just liom the plough, with an ungloved hand, ns nny whore else; nny ho is oltcncr found there, than elsewhere. Yes, sir; nud 1 am taught that secret irresponsible divans, sucli a-tho Albany Itegency, compose the quint essence of modern democracy, ami that stuck jobbers and Wall street gamblers, arc real Sitnnn Pures of iho siinu kidney. A cabal which by their secret decree, directs the untaught hunter ol the farthest west tor whom lie shall cast Ins vole in the election of President: nnd a pack of conspirators, noting in ill-gotten wealth, and seeking the ruin of the country to effect their own aggrandizement, nro the head nnd front of the great, universal, nnd omnipotent democratic party! W hat a pervormon of terms to call such men democrats. I know not, sir, whether the Academy nt West Point can withstand the slogan yell of ' Democracy." I am aware, sir, thai men are ton prone lo shut their eyes and cars to lair investigation, when the party slogan is cried lo builJ up nr pull down. It has ever been so in all countries, and under all gnvcrnmcn's. It is so now in an alarming degree in Franco and England; and will perhaps always bn bo. Whatever evil fato awaits the fcIiouI consequent on nur deliberation, I wash my hands of if. I have nnt, like the nvntleman Irom .nils kingum, had tho advantage of nny instruc tions Irom my constituents. I know mil what may be iheir opinions on this subject; but 1 leel that they will sustnin inn in my opposition to llioso extravagant resolutions. Hid I received instructions to vole fur Ihem. ngain"l mv judgment nnd conscience I would resign my scat instanlor, and let them elect a representative moru ductile and complying. I will trouble the commit-lee no longer. B.Sr J. TURXBULL, rTAVfi just rco-ived a "P3CKKT GAZ IX ET I'KKIl," and Traveller's Uuiae thruiigh iVirth Am tics an I tlu Weil lu ll ouuUining a desciiption of all tho Slates, t erritories, Counties, Lilies, I owns, Villa ges, Sens, Bays, Harbors, Islands, Capes itnil Roads, Ciinali, &c, cjuuected Willi North America and the West Indies; lo which is nddetl a large amount of statistical inter mation relating to the p ipul 1I1011, revenue, duht, and various tniiiiiitioiis 01 lliu United States; compiled from Ihe must uutheiitic sources, hy lliihop Davenport. Deo. 45 I KM. " 20 HOjXD a )VA lbridge, M II Avo lately received Hie rollowiog Cuodt, a at whiuh Ihcy nlier tnsull very low, vis: 0 pieces very superior Kentucky J onus 12 du dn . red Ticking Shales 4-4 yards wide Factory Sheetings 1 do 7-8 do Shillings I do cotton Drillings 40 pieces of cheap Calicoes 1 du Russia Sheetings JO do bleachel cation Sheetings Si Shilling V do cheap Merino 0 do Liuscys 0 do Flannels 10 do bandana nnd flag silk Handkerchiefs Sdui n gentlemen's lined buckskin Olovei 2 do superior uml fasliionalilo gent. Slocks filack and olive iiiperhne hrond Cloths 15 pieces plain and figured Muslins 3 do Ingrain Kuglisli Carpeting An assortment of gilt frame Looking Glasses I J dosen aocus, lined wiin lur An assortment uf Fur, Seal, and Martin Gin tlemen's Cnpi. Deo. 45 KUJ. !0 toiky puofnury run mle. 'I1I1B undersigned, mirsiiant to an order T nr the Court or Common Pleas nl Franklin onnnty, will, on Saturday, the 2d day of February, in the year IU-14, nl the dour nl the Court. house, 111 Loliiintiiii, oiler at pu'.ilio sale, tliu following real ustalo: In south Columbus, tha ngrlh half of the middle Lot of fraction $0. 7. Also In sotiin Coluaibns, the folloa-ing Lot: heiiining on the west line or rructmu 3, 113) feet Iro u the intersection of the south liueuf Public lane with the east side uf Fmnt street, thence smith 12 degree', easl 1 1 9 j fin I parallel wilh the east si 10 nl rrout street, thence south 70 east 1 117 1 foot to nil nlley. ihence north Invest M feet, tho.ice in u direot line In the heginuing. Also In lots Mns. bCI uud CO!, iu Colum bus. The south half of tho premises secondly nbnva deioribid, are encunihured with Iln widow's dower ijin'l tins part together with the resiJue hat 11 dwelling and oul-housei upou il. jimi.s v. oiijmi uiv, Ad'ni. of riio'l. Jmios, deu'd. Deoe.uber21, 133.1 19 w6 TEN DOLLYlU REWARD. STOLEN from Iho store of the subscriber in lb is uUoe. nn the evening of the I Oils "Oc tober Inst, a now uud fashionable Silver Watch of Duplex kind, joweled and enpt, with the ohutaolers II. M. the initials ol'ihu owner's name, engraved on the beak. Tho above reward will he given to any person who will deliver said iVatoh to Ihe subscriber. ROIIERr Mcl.N I OSII. Bronson, Kalamat in C unity, Michigan Ter-ritnry, Dec. iOlh, 1 U 13. 22 12 000 lbs. Grind Stones, of n luperi u grit, (or sule by NNLEY& ll.t.NFOltl). Doe. 17 '7 HARD W A II E, a general asurlinent,sui. able fir ooutitry Stores, for sale hy BIIKIlvViMDS OrtF.OOUV. Deo 50 M Spurzhcim on Phrenology. 9 $ f) r. enoi.og v, nr tin Doctrine nfiie Mental S I'hcmmeua. 111 two volumes Ovn. Vol. I. Physiol igicnl' Part. Vol. II. Philosophical wm, riatts. liy J . U. bpurzhcim, M. This work gives n full view of Ihe Science of Phrenology, i tn 1 furnishes numerous fncti illustrative m the piinciplrs nfhnmnn nature I -irewil;:! in connexion with I hyiiegnomy. Illustration of Characters, with thirty-five) plates. One vol.roval So. Hy J. G. Spurs, hi nn ,M. D. ),, ,hich is prelixcd n Eiogras phy nf Ihe Amkor. liy Nullum Cnpen, ' " This ii n curious nml entertaining hook, and (o those who repose but little faith in the Science of which il (rents, will prove in more ways limn one instructive." A'. 1'. .Jmcriran. "Wo consider (his one of the most interesting volumes of Spurzheim, ns It contains practical illustrations of chnrnclcr. wilh numerous pi nes, nnd is connected wilh the study (if I'liisiognoniy. We intended lo huve ma le nie 1 xirncts from Ihe memoir, but lad it nil r. foil nf interest Ihat wo scinoely Know where fo hesiii or mil. The mmn,,.. ....... ....n-Miut. ., , inciiQn ennste unu natural." Entiling (inzclte. "A volume m In-eng. rlv welcomed by every rhiio-nphic mind." jV. ')'. Mirror. "We need net say, (,at tho second part r the volume on Physiognomy j, interestinj nnd invaluable. We need only iny that its author is the benevolent, the talented, nnd Ihe lamenti d Spuizlieiui " "This (the Uingmphy) is a well written and very interest ing luminary of Ihe author's character, acquirements, labors uml travel, and occupies nbniitKO pages; and may be consid r.-d as not the lensl valuable portion of the volumes, iuinuiuch as it will incite many 1,1 npprei-inlc (he virtues nr Ihe niilhnr, and 'go to do likeiri",' who otherwise would never have heeded him or his Inhors. Morn' ing Vn;t. .1 Virw of the V.lenxrnlnrij Piinciplei nf Education, Founded on ll,e i7 11-1.1 of the Aature nf 1 " "j "e vu'- l"'u' lii J-0'si'u,,liciu,t ".Weirs. Alnrih, Capen nnd Lynn, have published another nl t,0 works of 1 tie laiueii. led Siiuizhi-im nn his luvnrite suhiect. It it motif .vAnll.... f .1 . . all worth ill svtijjht in gold." Evening Go- rue. "rngeiillemcn engaged in (he important and responsible busmeis ol Education, il is. perhaps, of greater valtio than that of any other similar work iu ptnii. " llnstun Mirror, riiiios'ip urai Laleciiism of the Lma of Man, One vol. III. no. Ity J. ',. Spurzheim M. (j, '.Men have l ing been treated us children ; Ihcy have been taught Ihat ignorance nml credulity nro virtues, anil Uml lenr is widlom, and Chut Ihcy may glorify Uud by flattery rather lhaii by moral exctdlencr." Extract fiun I'rtjace. VuUmet nl twcnting!, Ueing also n Mnn-ual .l It. li-r. i.ue ir mo Marked Uml. One vol. Ilium, liy J. O. Spurzheim, M. 1). Efjiwiittlioii elie U'ljeclioni made in Bti-luiii ii .-.i 111-1 ihe ilociiiou, ol Call and S urz-lieim. liy J. (i Spurz.icini M. I), And, Arii. cle of the Foreign (inarlerly Review. By Richard Chenevix, Ktq. F. II. S. iio With mites by Dr. S uulieim. One vol. limo. Jlcmit'ics on the Influence nf Mental Cu'tit a-(ion and Mail it Excitement upon Iknllh. Ono vol. Winn. Hy Auniriuh llrighuui ,V1. D. Second Edition. "IVo regard ibis volume ns one of (he most important thai has bei 11 ollered the public lor ninny years. Small Ihough il be, it is full or s nun! doctrine uud practical vi isdom. Every page is preguuiit wilh iinlriicliun nf solemn iiiii nrl 1 ami no would that it were Ihe text bo k, tlti- great and uvert ign guide, of every male nr ii uinle iu ihe country, with whom rest (lie respunsibilit) ol rearing or educating 11 child." Mid and Surg. Jour. The Cnn.iiiutioii nl Man considered in ite-laiioii In External OhjcLls. IJj (ito. Combs; new ed. I v d. Vim 1. self E lucution; or the means, nnd nrt of mural Progress. Ily M. I.e Damn Dcgcrnrulo, A Trrali.e on ti(iiii s. liy Sir David Brew iter, I.L It it. S. L n E. new ed. I vol. l?aio. A .Manual uf ihe uruitliol igy of Iho United States aiel of Canada, liy nomas NulUll, A. M. F. I. S. I vol. tlv... LainareU's (Jin -ra nl Shells, wilh a Ckta-logueuf Sjocies. I vol. 2mo. For sale ut the liuokttore nf I. N. WHITING. Jan.4 1lv.-I 21 SHELL CUMlim t, O.iz. Lingo lilt 'Fiirtle Shell Combs 'W I do i! I do tin do do I do Long do do do (in A variety nl Hd.. (Nunl.i of nil s-z.-s. For irtlel.y OEMS I ED 4; ST. CLAM. Jan. I m 80 AJ.i'iiiiTs' Wiiice, Wheeling, (. Dec, CUM, 1835. OUR Corespondents will liud below a synopsis nl Solieoics for Iheir special at teutioii, to druw in January, lliJ4, .Maryland 6Ve Lottery, CL tS5 No. -Z, for I IIJ4. To be drawnn Tuesday tho 'd.h January, IU34. CAl'l TALS. $35,003; $IO,00O it) of l,500. Whole Tickets $0. Sonirtliiunr ui:;o and Splendid, PT II'EIUTUKE LntUry, Class No. 5 for JLi Itldl. 'I'u he ilranii nl Wilmington, (Del.) ou Thur.day Ihe Jdth ol Junuiiry, IU34, Csl'ITALS. 5:0,000 i nud 75 ol $jn)J. Besides many 0. loirs. Tickcis on I 3 dollars. Please ud. dun your uidt-is tu ILARKK& COOK, Wheeling, Vn. January I, Ifiill. g 3G03H". li.ir, Pig, ami aniiit l.uad. lur '"Iu uy 1 1.XLt.V & IIAiNFOIlD. u.-e. 17 . 17 'fjtllE LIFE OF RLUI.XAL.D llr.br.lt, -O. I), D , Lord Uishap ol Cakutta, by Ins Widow; wilh iilcctions irom his uurrcspou. deuce, iiiiiiiibiistiud I iriis,uiid pnvute papers. (ogciin-i wild 11 Jtiurii.il nl Ins Tour 111 Nor iv.iv, Sweden, Russii, Hungary, Ueimuuv. au.iu lliiiory ol tho Cossacks; Iu 2 vols Uvu. Just received uud lur sale by li. X J. i bllXBULL. D.'0F7 to IVhecvtl't .'htronjnvj and General I'ltysics. tt li J- TIMNU'ULL have just received JsD uud oiler lur sale. Aslronoinr and Uuinaul Physios, considered with rolerence to Nuturnl ft, eulogy, h) tliu Ruv. William Whiewl, M. II.. Fellow uud Tutor ol Trim- ly College, Cambridge; being tue third part uf Ihu Hridgeiv.ilir I'autise uu Ihe power, wis 1011:, ami goo'iuts, 01 uou, us uiauilcsleu n ttie i ri anon. Dec 17 20 Ifi.ilt.iia iUultTsUls. rUTIIK subscribers wish lo contract for buil JL Jiii' materials 01 ail kinds. OL.Msl Eil A! ST. CLAM. Niv.,inn U