Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1849 : Weekly), 1852-09-21

              VOLUME XLIII. COLUMBUS, OHIO, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 31, 1852. NUMBER 4. ml Vt'S by Ln ol , Jr., i at ho lx-th The (liters ibstan culled i ibnnkn tint) ot i excel-ol Ibis 1th and UtCfllM car for 'flfk lor nee tor et -ill. just un ilitutlon i-Biiness. oral cul i 1 1 it i !: n attbU 1 iq , Tit m V. H Spring kd up lb" unil qnaliJ )t l man lwfcwtt rciniah Iti. Frank y Mare tic i) apprsi ol i aid i" i her by a scat 4 n tho hnr-all , above th4 .ntbeburV-llar tear on lt sbouldei Hie U ra uld lstJ KV, u,ai:k. Htl ncre r tn'les we-il tn a wi can glvt. i terms, i Mini, lata Agent ml joi tint! -as ((nod Ian answer a borgalu, MITII. tatn Agt'i ''mm nail Improvi -a portion inns bavin P SMITH lUcckln Oljio State Journal 18 PUHMSI1KD AT COLUMUGS EVERY TUESDAY MORNING, BT SCOTT ft EASCOM, j on mil BinttiiRas, mua akp fiarl btrkets miAifcK 0M hioh. TJ'RMS Invariably in wtrantt : In Columbus, (2.O0ayMr; by mull, 1.GG ; rlubs of four mil upwards, Sl-'-io ; of tea and upward, Sl.0. Till; DAILY JOURNAL ts furnished to city subserjljro at W.0O, nnd by mail at sM.Onn your. TUN TIU-WKLKIA JUUUNAI. ts S3-00 a year. HATES OF A I) VEH TISI N (7 IN THE WEEKLY JOURNAL JQ J3 I g jl square, to 7oi ooi 7&a wn ooo oo;o ws oo squares, Tfl & 1 7fU 25 a GOl 00 6 00 0 00 8 00 111. il5, il 001 7(12 253 W4 CO 6 000 00 8 0011. H squares, il 202 208 00 4 00 0 000 OlJ.tt DO 10. 11. 2a. 1 square, j','4 column, '' column, 1 column, clianRiflMo monthly, $20 a year ; weekly changeable quarterly changeable quarterly changeable quarterly... 10 lines of this sized typo Is reckoned a square. AdverliKemenM ordered on the InsliJa exclusively, double I lie nbovu nitui. All Inuled notices charft'xl double, aud uuasurcd as if sollil. Tlie 1 Uncle Tom's Cabin ' Songs, written by Mrs. It, S. Nichols, nro exceedingly beautiful. Wo cannot renter n bettor aervire tn our renders thnn to give them tlio words: Gontlo Eva. nr jibs. b. a. Nicnoi.it. Have you lirard tlio tourhlng story, Told so sadly, nl that cllmo Where tlio Hose. In crimson glory llriiditens nil tlio summer lime; It li-lla us at n ninldpn Hidden. haired nnd starry-eyed Young in years, by thought otalndcn, Who in an sol beauty dird. Hcnlle Kva, loving Kva, Weeping by tho subbing wave, Wnll or wo shall never grieve liei , Hhroudrd In her mossy grave. Onrn alia wept o'er wronn and sorrow Childish furs an wisely abed. Birds of Kdeti on the morrow Warbled dirges o'er her hend. Velvet Icuf aud sunwy blossom Crowned ber young and radiunt brow. O'er lirr white, unhealing hoiom I. title linn ts arc folded now. (Ion tin Kva, loving Kva, Hlcoplng by I ho moaning lido, Niver more, shall sorrow grieve her, Who in.anRcl beauty died. Undo Tom's Grave, nr Msa.B. a. niciiols, Thy made blm a gravo in a hillock ol inn J, (ireen trees overweoping lilm there, Tlio holiest spot In that desolate land, Unblest, thou i-li It wns, by a prayer; No shaft of white marhln with letters of gold Looks up the pitying skies, Hut, green Is tlie turf that lies over tho tnoulJ That bides Uvci.R Ton Irom our eyes. '1 lii'y mado him n grave, whern the shnjows were deep, And there, In tho silence and gloom, They Inl 1 tho calm brow of tho wonry to sleep, Tho stars watching over his tomb. No ci.lliu or shroud In that rouli-ihaped mound Kmvrnn the dark form of the dead; And only tho winds stir tbo branches around, Thnt guard Unclk Tom's lowly lied. For the Ohio Htatn Journal. Mr. Bascom Helow I give you an acrostic fur insertion in your Journal, which ttmy nlTbrd a littlo amusement fur your renders. I do nut my it is pooiry. It tnny contain ton murli trnlli to bo wnrlliy of tlmt np-pelliilion. I'oelfy ia fiMionilly fuiunlt'il iipim fithrir tiled illiiHtona ; hut n my iiniitmtion in ton limited to curry mo inttt tho renltni! of fmiry, wlnro morn piftxl ininda nro pcrmiiti'd to hfiiiqnot with tlio iloal god, 1 hivo tn Hiilimb tntlio iiisiiratioii nf n aiibliiti:iry moan, fi'd hy l)tr kind linnd npnti fttrii bread nnd fur.tf. Voiim, K-r. An Acrostic. C omoly art thou, Htar ol the West. A gain upon thy pi'ge I pore; M ay mrtn'ry ever be ltnjirepsed, I1 rnlonndeRt tearber, with tby lor.'. A II art and mind must yl- KI to thre, I n ftuid ng our po'ltiit youth II em from tbo lons-tartd iock w.i rre, N ot elethed with rlther aeiifo or Iruih H talesman how aicrd Is tb nntii-T oo ssend on this mo to shine, A las, thit stiit''emnn, lust to tlinino, Turn out and publish food ,tr tirhie. K n lightened let tbn prop'o be, H Inr1 Ihou art spread tho n untry o'er; M etbinlis thnt they will find lu Ihce, A thing that I Iihvb found beforoj N ow what Is that a bnin!t l- rr. liaov aroRT, Olilu, Aiiautt, 1KVJ Political. GEN. SCOTT ON NATURALIZATION DOUGLAS'S 0 FALSE CHARGE PROOF FROM THK RECORD. In his specrli nt tbe ('ity Hull, on Butt winy night lust, Scnnlor Dornt.a bid tin1 rllVmiU'ry to do-rlaro thnt (ton. Bcott U ofwed to forfiiu-ra lii'coining natnralit'd except wlu n Micy atTved ono year in our itrmy in tinio of act mil wnr. In pmof thif, he cited his letter of neecptiuiro n lln Whig cntuliilntf for I'roijdeiit Now, thia is a bate jnhkooil, nud wo hetievo llinl Mr. Dnnoi a hietr it w s it fiiisoliontl when lm titternd it. Wo rntillol inualer clnrily t'tiouph to atippnai ihnt hr in no grottty iffHorant an In make lliia ctinrf;o with n belief llint ho la telling tho trnlli. It is iho pntno iiifontoilc e.hnrge whirh tho Wn hinton Union has pro nutynlt'd, I nud which hni hevu ipreud brondrnst over the land, for tho ptirposo of crentitif n prejinliro in the minda nf the foreign populntifin onanist fieri. HitnT. This in now to bti Mr gnmo. It ia ilm only, tho Jvinp Impn of l.iicoforoiflin, nnd they nro clinging to it with dopcriite onorpy. Wo havo published tho evidence thnt Mumps thtsfiatno with itifruny. I.t nangnin doinottatrnto tint Dotai.Ai, nr every other tiinti who repents hia rhnrpe, itt n fnlai-lier.In his letlorof nccepttLiit'c, flen. Scott, townrda iho nloio of tbo tib riarsfirftpli, snyi : And also to reemnmend ornpprovaii instle atiernthn In our naturali.tion laws, suiigrntrd by my military expcilcnre, via ; giving lo all forrit ners tlio rhdit ot vltl"nhlp whu shall fnilh-hilly serve, Id lime ot wnr. one yi-nr, on busnl ol our public ship, or In our land lorccs, regular or volunteer, on their receiving an honorable diichsi'Qn lioin tbn service." Hero in nil Unit On. Scott anya on tho ntihjeet, mid L m i una "ie n'v cnuiju uini no m oyp iicH to ait W0 other ieajM of natmalizntie-n. Let ua h.uk nt it. Hero ii a luw now in forco prcarrtliinp cerlnin prorrssnii hy which iMturuliK itioti nmy ho effected. Some of thono require au npplicaliou, at leatl two yearn before iho roiiiiiminnliou, nml aomuilo not. All&f Mm require at lenit five yenrn rrsidetieo in tho country. Dm Hcott tliinlta thnt thia lew should bo no elm n Red thnt persons who mrve one year In tho anny during wnr, should have iho privilege- of citi.ouHhtp, and ho mpgesta that a " ungle alteration ho nunlo in the lnw tn that ellect, Doea hn propose to disturb the present lnw f Does ho nak that il ahull ho annulal, io thnt person who have not served their year in actual servicu may not be ad mitted at now provided f Not in tho lenat ! No inch thought ever entered his head, and no such deduction ran be drawn form his hmgnngo. Hut, tnya Dnirai.As, the Constitution provides thnt nil lnwi regulating nnliinillalion shall bo uniform, nnd aa this proponiiiun of Scon's would not admit all foreigners within one year, whether they had served or not, of course It is nut uniform, and ns a consequence, it repcalt all other pinna. This lathe proress of lea- aiming ol iheso men. It is with some tllor' that wo nro restrained to treat such a proposition tn deserving a respectable notice, If II hnd nppeured In some olisturo country paper, or h:id been promnlged from Iho attiiup by some village deniugogiio, at some country school Imuao tneellug, it would have been tnughed to senrii, nnd (rented with that contempt which it deserves. Hut it bus found its way into Iho Union, nnd 8nnlor Duuui.as hna repent rd it In OohnnotiK, to n public meeting. He will proba' My, I tuch bly repent it afrnin, and hence, it becomes necess-iry uitduwn tho fniil thing, nnd brand tho men who 11 so far debase themselves ni to promulentn any urn Intne, miserable humbug. The clause of the const it til ion of the United States to which Douglas, refers, ia found in tba 4lh para graph to the 8(h section of the first article. It reads nt follows: " Congress shall have power to establish uniform rulo of imttiralizaiion, and nnifonn laws on the subject of hnnkniplcins thronghunt the United Sintes." Now, hero is iho constitution, the fundamental law of tho laud. What duet itmenn? Does it mean that thero shall bo but one way, one single class of cases nnd all foreigners shall go through precisely tho same formality to become citizens? la this the idea of our constitution makers; or ia it that uniform laws shall be adopted; that is applying uniformly, to all the State of the Union T I it intended for any thing moro than to prevent Congie.xg from pussing a law that should operate in New York, fur inatnnco, in one way, and in Pennsylvania in nnoiherf Duet il Imply any thing more than that the game rules shall apply in the tame way in every St'itoT Would not the law proposed by Gen. Scott bo "uniform," that is, apply tn every person who ahall servo a year in tbn army or nnvy of tho Union in time of wnrT Most assuredly, it would be of this cln"8. Stitlt is Iho result of clear roiisouiii upon the lun-gnngo of Iho clause in the constitution under consider ution. Let ua now look at ihe action of Congreit, and see what construction that body has given it. Wo aver tlmt our view is triumphantly sustniued, when judged by Ihia teat. Congress has uniformly taken our view of it, nud ns unilormly not tnkon that of Sen ator Ooudt.AS. Tho members havo, from limoto lime, framed tercral diffcrtnt ways by which persons may be naturalized. Aud now to tbe proof. Lot this decide wtio tells tho truth aud who attorn falsehood: Douoi.as says that, if a particular plan of naturalization in adopted, it preelmlet nil other and prior pinna. It repealt them, nud leaves tho now system tho only law. lUa'atciof the United Rtatet proclnim entirely tho reverse. Lot tho render turn to tho 50th page nf Swan's collation of Ohio Statutes of 1851, being tho volume, in the hands of every justice of the pence, nnd he will find the luwa of Congreas on this subject of naturalization. There aro l-JUillT different systems or (limit- provided fur. I Tho 2d section declnrea that a person applying, ahull have declared on oath or alVtrmntion before some competent court, ntleatt two yearn bel'oro his ndmis- Nion, ihiit it is hia intention lo heeomo n citizen nf tho i United Suites. Here is one class of ensea, and, accord-1 ing to Senator Pouoi.as it closes tho list. Nothing else can lm done, because if this declaration is not mado by all applicant, Iwo years before they nro admitted, tho rule will no lm " uniform" nnd will not thereforo be coustiluliotiu. But tho 3d section of iho law proceed to tnakn ihe very exception which Douoi.as any a cntuiot be made. It provides that aliens who were residing wilhin tbo limits of the United Slates at any time, between tho isth day of June 17!M, mid tho I lib. of April mikan not bo required to give this two years nolico before they aro untitled lo become citizens. Here is tbo-ond class of cases. Again: tho 4th section provides that minors who, come in before tlioy nro 18 yearn of ago, and who havo resided live yonrs in this country, mny become cill zona wiihont giving this two years nolico. Hero is 1 the third cl isa of cases. ! Again : Ihe 5th section provides (hat where the two years nolico ia mado, nnd the npplicnut dies before nd- utirtion, the widow ond children of iho deceased, if they havo resided fivo yonrs in tho United Stales may ho admitted In citizciiahip, by taking the onlhs pro-1 scribed by law. Here is tho fourth class of cases. Again: Iho 8th sec lion provides thnt no alien who shall be attntivo ciiiz-n of miy country with which the United States nro at war, nt tho linio of his application shall bo Men admitted to ciiizcnhtp. Thia ia the fil'ih class nf cn.tea. Again: tho Kith aeeiiuii provides that any alien re- aiding in ihe United Stales, between tho Mill of April, IHO-!, nnd tho lHih nl'.lnnf, ISI'J, and has continued lo reside wilhiu the same, may bo ndintttod to citizenship iv it hunt having given the two years imtiio of in tention, &e. Tina ia iho sixth tlns ol'cn'M-a. Again: tho lib section provides thnt tho children of persona duly naturalized, shall, if wi'hiii tho United Sintes, he considered ns citizens of Ihe Unit d Sintes. This is the seventh class of rases. Again: the 1-tth aectioti provides tint aliens residing within tho United Stntes prior to tho 'JDth dny of .laiiuiiy, may become cilizeus on proof that they have resided two jo.irn within tho United Sinles, and at lojat ono yejirili Iho Stalo whero the court ;" held. This is iho eighth chins (1 cases. Hero, tjien is tin itKimil Hero nro the Inwa ol tho Inud on this subject, Hero nro seven sepnrnte, diaiiuci clasies i.f cases, under which persona may he admitted, nud mm special provision excluding a certain cliisa. Kuril of these rosea have peculiar fenltircs. Wo nnk Senator Dounras, nro they "nniVifrm?" They uionfl alike, very clearly, Thy each hnvo diliuct provi-dotis. Now, render, lotik til ihi testimony from the record. Compuro it with iho clnuso in iho United States constitution quoted in this niticle, nnd relied upon by Douoi.as; ami then any whether Iho proposed amend, menlol f!rn Scott would be in violation of that pro-virtinn, nr wuild, if ciinetcd, opernlo In repeal nil Ihe Inwa now in force on I lit subject. It ja passing fttrrmi'o that a innn who lias high nrpiraliotis, who has the le;ist respect fr the common setiso nnd common iutellifjetico of the American people, ran stand up lie-lore au nadir ore in Columbus, 1 thio, nnd deliberately mako such an ns-eriion. Wo denounce it ns FALSR, nnd we mldnce Iho evidence In prove ihnt It is fulse. The ndopiion of (ion Scon's provision would leave the present Inwa frteiicly whero they nro. Il would mnkn provision fur n new clnt nf cases, but would not, in any respect, interfere with, or disturb tho old. Foreigners who coma into tho country, and who do ntt serve one year in time of war, could slitl bo naturalized niter fivo yenrs residence, tho fame as now. This Monitor Douoi.as knows. Tin ia known lo every man who has tho lenat Icnowleilgu nf Iho laws. The culprit, in iho box, who ia convicted of henring fnlio testimony in ono inatnnco, stands condemned irnndi d na n deliberate linr, nnd is hooted ut and dia- pi ml, ns un worthy tbe confidence or icspect tif honest men. If ho lelts iho (ruth after tbit ttinl nnd convic tion, he is not believ d, (iood men, honeat men, tlien I chamcler ami principle, despise him. pass him by, nnd hoed not his ussm-tuuis in fultir. We havo placed Senntor Douoi.as on trial. We Imveprorcn him nfalti- fier,from the record. Wo leave it with ihe people to lolennino how much credence ho is entitled to, nfter (his exposure. OKNERAL HOUSTON'S VANITY. It w is a little ludicrous nt litnes; na for iuslanc. when rxpresaing his great horror of Whig nristocracy, i... i i.. i I i..i: i n :.i eu i in" ilium uiTiiicuiiru un nver won S'eoi, :audy cold riiiL's enough to set up n jeweler shoo, Dayton Journal. (ienorn! Uouitom disgusted both friend and foe, by his speech in this city, nnd we sco by tbo papera that its repetition in other plncra producea the shiiio t fleet upon the itiir it. Ho bus forever ruinnl his proapecli in this Slate, ns no I.ocofoco Convention will ever risk the oxistencn of the party by ntlempliug to hoist tuch nil unmitigated old blackguard and fop upon tho shoul ders ot the pnrty. The same remark was mado about his vulgar display of jewelry, while in this city. Skv- en gold nngi of ihe largest class, upon ihe hand of a very large, fat, am) grey bended old man! Think of thnt, ye hard fKted Democracy. If there it any mark f a low, vulvar mind, in a man of liia ago, nppenr- nnre and juistiion, ho has it. Hut he it just the one tn talk of the prido and haughty bearing of General Scott. Gwm, who took over four tkovtand dollart from the people's treasury at nno grab, fur extra mill ngo, is equally qualified to talk .about (iai.i'Hin! , pretty set of beatitiea, truly! Wo have received from a friend, a history of this San Houston, written by tho first President of Iho Texan Hepulilln, and shall give some, portions of It to the public. A man who cornea all tbo way from Texaa to abuse ntid tlander such an American aa General Scott, shall not go unexposed to the people of Ohio. He Inta made himsrll public property by hta course, and he must not complain if (he public atrip olf the lion a skin aud Inko a peep nt the lone ears. Tbe Locofocosof ihoCuynhogn Congressional Jistrict hnvo Homtunted Col. H. V, Wiiion, nf Cleve land, ns their csndidalo for Congress. The disti jet Is composed of Ouynho'tn, Lake, and (ieauga. Three candidates are in tbe field Case, Whig, Wauk, Free Soil, nnd Wu.son, Louoforo. Wo tiavo great hopes that Cask will bo elected. He is one of the best, most intelligent and active businessmen In Northern Ohio, and would he an honor to any district. He it very popular, as bo deserves to be, and we llimk the peopl will do themaeWfi the honor of electing him. THE SLAVERY QUESTION-WM. R. KING'S LETTER TO THE DISUNIONISTS. Below we publish a letter from Wm. R. Kino, tho Locofuco candidnto for Vice President, on the Com promise, questions. It first appeared in tho Mobile Reghttr, and was copied into the "Southern Prttt," of July lGtu, 1851, whero it may be found. The Register is tho Locofoco organ of Alabama, and tho remarks of tho editor on tho occasion aro alto of interest to tho people of Ohio. Wo ask a caroful perusal of ibeae documents. What do the voters of Ohio think about electing a man a Vice President of the United States, who opposed tlte ad mmion of California HBOAUSR IT WAS A FREE STATE ; who felt "indignant " at its ndmission; who opposed tho law abolishing slavery in tho District of Columbia, and who voted, and used his influence lo repeal the Mexican law abolishing slavery in Utah and New Mexico, ao that it could he mado slave territory 1 Wo nak Northern men, who are opposed to auizins free territory, nnd, BY AOT OF CONGRESS, convert- ing it into slave territory, what thoy think of electing W. It. Kisnna Vice 'President of iho United Stntes 7 But rend ihe letter, and the comments of iho Mobile Register : From tbn Mobile Register. LETTER FROM COL. KING. HoIuW wo oivo, to iho exclusion of other matter, n highly inloresiing lettor from tho Hon. William II. King, to (he editor nf tho West Alnbninian. It refutes moat conclusively tbe misrepresentations ol the "Whig Union" press and partisans, as to tho opinions of this distinguished statesman. It will bo Been thnt ho do-dares himself decidedly opposed to the leading compromise measures. The admission of California, he pronounces n " act of Injustice," nnd says Knit " hu mini could have felt more indignant than t did at tint partial and unjust legislation." To tbn bill abolishing alavory (under certain condttions)in the District of Columbia, he says he could not havo given his sanction under any circum-, staiicos, and ti.kcs the high ground Ihnt ho "should fuel it n botmden duty to volo for tho repeol of the emancipating clauso whenever proposed. Ho also declares that ho would ugnin, ns ho did nt iho last Con greas, voto f.fr tho repeal of tho Mexican luw prohibit-1 ing slavery in Utah nnd New Mexico. Col. King thus fully stands with tho Southern Rights party in opposition lo tho leading measures of the compromise. It ia true bo does not deem that they viola-led tho Jetier of Iho Constitution, but ho clearly shows that he thinks thorn at wnr with tho spirit nnd equities of thnt insttument. We would also cull attention tn tho fact llinl Col. King, in the close of his letter, decidedly reuiidintoa any connection with Iho now fungled " Union party." ii bin no i", hh no una niwuys riono, upon tlie uroatl coll-rvalivo doctrines of tho Democnitio nnrtv. which are identical with Southern Kishts principles, and without ihe faithful observance of which our Union would lend its federative character, and become u consolidated despotism all the powers of tho country -ng ... j.u, mim uiupiiiii n ui mo norm, i Pink Him.s, Dallas county, Juno Hi, 1851. My Dkau Sin: 1 very much retirct thnt mv ubsenm from home deprived mo of iho n ensure of rcneiviny your friendly lettor at an earlier day. I hasten to return nu answer. You doubtless altach to my opinions u much greater importance than they deserve; hut aa one of your senators in tho councils of Iho nation, you have a right to demand them on all political questions, and especially on those affecting your personal security and rights ut properly. I ahall proceed to lay them before you with Ihe frankness that becomes a man concealment of opinions, deliberately formed, uver mm i iruai nover win, consutuio any partot iy uiiriruuiur, piiniiu or private, i tima never lie derm! from giving utterance, from the nnnrehension thnt thoy may not ho in accordance with thoso which othoM entertain; or, that by making them known, I may nueci injuriously my standing as a public mun. This is well understood by these who havo known me longest, and kmw tno best. If I fall into error, lo I which every man is liable, when convinced of it, 1 promptly admit and retract il, but much na I desire to wain tlie approbation ol tlie people I hnve the honor n represent, I should feel that I was unworlhv of the position in which it has pleased I hem to place me, if to en in it, I wero to trim mv fails to ovorv iionulnr hroese and violato the obligations I oivo to our common coun try. 1 condemn tin man for honestly diuYrnig with me in opinion; hut I havo ton much self re-pec t, and I truBt independence, to surrender mino own to please any num or any set of men. I hnd supposed thnt my aclioti on the so-cnlled Compromise Bill of iho hat Congress, together with the I'osotn which governed it, Ii-hI boon ao plainly marked y my public declarations mid votes, aa to nn-rlnde the possibility of misapprehension. From tho tenor of your loiter this seems not to bo ihe enso. A brief statement will, I trust, put nit end to nil doubt or tnvil lor mo miure. i won, ua you know, ono ot iho committee of thirteen which reported tho compromise bill. iimioui going nno avian, i will only sny it did noire-ceivo my snnclion in commitloe, inr would L under inu circumstances, hnve given it my support, as reporttd. The n.iitn u. wiiitM i principally oojocieu, were lllo admission of California ns a Stato with a territory more extensive than any three Stntes of tho Union, nnd tho clause which e m unci put es slaves brought into the District for sale. I could not fail lo see that moat of those who advocated tho ndmi-sinn of California with her oxtravag .nt limits, would, but for the prohibition of ainvory coninineu in tier constitution, havo heen the most violent in opposition to her reception Into the Un- She owed her admission, then, to the fact that ihe pie of the slaveholding Statesmen drprivedofan equal participation in a territory srAicA of right equally belonged to the eitizrns of the States. Finding that thero waa a fixed majority determined to perpntroto this net of injustice, it brought to th direct vote, Imndenu effort to curtail tho limits of iho State, so that a territorial L'overnment might bo established south of the Sierra rnda. At ono tune tho prospect waa fair Ihnt my nrupoMtion, to proper in itself, would succeed. It however hi led, and California became aStntowhhn tbniifiiid milea of aea const. No man could havo felt morodigiiniit thnn I did nt Ibis pnrlinl and unjust legislation, hut 1 am freo in declare that 1 burn 'not been ablo to see in iho measures a violation of Iho con-niiiutimi, aa contended for by ninny; did I so consider it, I neither could nor would have expressed tbo opinions, that tho people of iho South could, with honor, nnd nider iho circumainiicea shoutJ, acquiesce in whnt bud ,iecn done. Tho Constitution simply cives to Con cress iho rower lo admit now Stales: and thnonlv reairie: tii ui upon tbo nxerciao of this power ia that iho Stale constitution shall bo republican. No territorial train ing is required nn assent ol Congress In ihe formation nf the constitution, previously given, ia to bo found. The whole matter rest wilh Concresa to exercise n sound discretion. As respects iho bill for nholishiuir the slave trade in the District of Columbia, to which vou imrticulnrlv eall my attention, I wish to he dit'iuctly undersluoif. At an enrly period of the first session of the last Congress, I declared ill my placo in the Senate, that I stood rendy at any limo to nulborize the breaking up of thoso ainvo marts in ino miliar oi tun city otiensivo aa they were in uecencv, nreiumciai lo liealltl. and In manv respect a, shocking to humanity it was my desire to ciuine ine corporate authorities ol the city with the power to abate themns imisnnres, whenever Ihey conceive it proper to do so; and fur such a bill I would iinbesitnlingly hnvo given my voto hnving no fears thnt by such n measure alnvery in tho District would bo effected injuriously. The people more directly in- terrateti entertained no annreliension ot tho kind nnd I think I can sny wilh certainty thnt nino-tenlha ol iho citizens desired those alnvo mnrla to he suppressed. I however voted against ihe bill ns it passed, localise the penally fur violating tho law wns the emancipation of tho slave,; and I would not, under any circumstances, have given my sanction to mancipation in the District of Columbia, whether as a penalty for the violation of a law, or in any other manner, and 1 should ftelita bounden duty to vote for the repeal oj tne emancipating clause whenever pro posed. rormtt mo to advert lor a moment to the other pro visions of the bill, aa reported hv tbe committee, aud lor which after undergoing several modilicnlions, 1 gave my vote and first hb to ihe boundary ol Texas, I am fully satisfied ihnt in giving my support lo the am fully satisfied ihnt in giving my support lo the lino na agreed on, although I hnd contended loradif- fereut boundary, 1 wns promoting (he true interests of texnt anu oi ine wnom ouuui. ine clamor wmcn hut been rniaod against the measure, " that slave terri tory Ind been surrendered to freesoil," hna no foundation in fact Manv, however, without ttivins to the subject a Ihotough examination, hnvo been mnde to believe that the boundary uf Texas bad boen establish' ed at the time of her annexation t nnd thnt her right to Hie wholo territory east ot Iho luo Itrnmfo, Irom its mouth to ils source, wns unquestioned. Nothing can he more erroneous. VY hen Mr, Calhoun, as secretary of State, Depot in ted a treaty with the Texns commis sioners, be openly declared thnt he considered hertnio western boundary to tiu a line drawn through what was known ns the desert, lying between the Nueces aud tho Iliu Grande. Tbat treaty was rejected by tho Seunto. At a subsequent session, the resolutions which passed, authorizing the admission of Texns, expressly reserved ino ngiit ot mo government to tix by negotiation wtlh Mexico, her western boundary nnthinii was snid about the Hio (i ran do nnd thus Texnt camo into the Union her western bnumlnry unsettled. The effort to settle ft by negotiation having failed, (Ion. Tny lor wns directed to hike a position on tbe cast bnuk of iho river ho removed from Point Isabel nnd rncnmnetl opposite Matnmoras. Tho bntilea of Palo Alto and l(o-sio a do la Pnlma followed. What wns ihrn snid hv Mr. Calhoun, Ihe bold, fenrless. and ntiromnmniiainir advocate nnd defender nf Southern rights and Southern in ic resist no uetiounreii in most indignant terms, the administration uf Col. Polk for having involved iho country in an unjust and unnecessary war by Ihe invasion of Mexican territory. Texas, then a Stale or the Union, had not, in the opinion of thnt distinguished man, any well founded claim to any territory bordering on the Hio Grande, and in that opinion ho waa sustained by many who now denounce as fait bleat to tho South, til thoio who aided in securing to Texnt the un disputed possession of Territory largo enough for two Stales, the right which they had strongly denied her. No territory has been surrendered to freesoil, unless the people of Utah ami Now Mexico, when thoy form a constitution, nnd apply for ad minion aa Stntes, think proper to prohibit slavery and for tho unrestricted exercise of this right, we of tho South have always contended. Governments wero established for these territories in strict nupordnneo with nil the torn tonal acta heretofore passed, with tho exception of that nr wregon. i noro is no restriction as to ainvury , aim tho ablest statosmeu, nud most distinguished jurists of mo uouih entertain no doubt that tin owners oi staves may with perfect security take them to either of theso territories, reenrdless of tho Mexican law. Hod tho Southern senators and representatives en- lertained any doubt on this subject, do you suppose that they, ono aud nil, would have voted for the bill known ua Iho Olavtnn Bill, which loft tho question as to the validity of ihe Mexican law to ho decided by the Supremo Court; sntistied, aa we all wero, that that decision could not fail to sustain tho rights of the South T Yet (hen, as now, the advocates for resistance contend ed, that tho law of Mexico excluded slavery, iiini they did not themsolves beliovo what they so roundly asserted, is apparent from tho fact that ihey voted against the amendment to tho appropriation bill of the same session, which authorized the President to establish territorial covornmeuts, saying nothing on tho sub ject of slavery ; and so urgent wero thoy for a positive ruBiriuuuii, ia mey came very near (tcicmiug un-passage of the civil and diplomatic appropriation bill, to which, after the rejection of tho Clayton bill, we had attached tbe provision. My only reason for voting in fuvor of tbo proposition to repeal the Mexican law, when made at tho last session, wss, that I knew property to bo sensitive and I feared tbat many persons might bo deterred from ro-moviiiG with their slaves to Ihoso territories, even should the discovery of valuable mines render their labor profitable, after tho opinions of such men ns Clay nnd Webster wero given in favor of the validity of tho Mexican law abolishing slavery. For that reason, and that alone, I mould again vote for its repeal. You sny that I am claimed by the Union-siibmiasion parly of your country. If tho claim set up, rests upon tlm supposition that I am au ndvecnto for the formation t a third pnrty, either Slate nr federal, H is oiom er roneous. When attempted at nshington, during the last session, I think 1 mny safely any ihnt no one contributed mure lo defeat iho movement than I did. I have nlwnys considered ihe guod old Demncmtic party ns Ihe true Union pnrty ; and that no'hing nioro is required to put down sectional divisions, and preserve pence nnd harmony, thnn to have Iho government administered in strict conformity wilh Democratic principles. I hnve ever been n Stale rii'hts man of the Jellerson school, nnd can fearlessly nppeal to iny whole public life in proof of iho assertion. 1 am not however prepared In admit that the States peases either (he constitutional or tho reserved right to secede from iho union, i consider it to ho n pnrnmoiint right, inherent in every people, to free themselves from oppression, when iho uction of tlio government viohtes their esseu tiul rights, and becomes too grievous lo be borne ; nnd that Irom the nature of our federative system, it would be the most effectual mode to accomplish thnt object. I have heretofore given publicity to my views us to the posiiion which I conceive the slave-hulding States should occupy in reference to iho action of tho Insl Congress ; and I will not extend this long letter by rn-capitulating tliem, but refer you lo my answer to the invitation of the citizens of Tuscaloosa, in iho month i October last. Nothing has since occurred to induro mo to change ihe opinions therein expressed. Il wi'I at nil limes uft'ord mo plonsure In communicate wilh you freely upon nil subject of public interest. i-iiniuiiy, i uui your irieuu ami oopnient servnnt, WILLIAM II. KINO. Col. A. B. Cl.lTIIERAI.I.. foreign Department. From tho Plouph, Loom, and Anvil, for September. IRELAND'S MI8ERIES THEIR CAUSE. I remember, when I saw Iho pnur Lei tea in f.ivn. nin, 1 used to piiy ihem for having in live in huts built of tho unhewn logs of trees, the crevices being stopped up with moss. 1 pitied them on account of ihejr low ours, nnd their diminutive windows; and gladly would have arranged their cliiiinievR tor them in .. m,,r,. .;i uble m miner. Well, Heaven pardon my ignorance. I knew not thnt I should evur see a people on whom Almighty God had imposed yet lienvier privations. Nnw that I have seen Irulnnd, it seems to me Unit ihe Lot-(es, Iho Esthouinns, nnd the Finlnuib rs. lend n life i.f comparative comfort, nnd poor Pnddy would feel liko a kiiik wiut ineir nouses, (heir Imtniimeiiis, and tlmir dnily faro. A wooden house, wilh moss to slop up ils crovices, would bo a pabu-o in the wild regions nf Irelotid. Paddy's cabin is built of earth, mm ahovellull over iho mli- er, with a few stones mingled hero nnd there, till iho wan is high enough. Hut perhaps you will sny, tho in ' inn orcuvcreu wiiu nnik. Ay, indeed ! A lew sods uf ginsa, cut from a neichborint' br,i r hi. only thatch. Well, hut a window or two nt lenat, if it no only a patio ni glass hxed into the wnll,nr iho bind ler oi sumo niiiinai, or n piece nt talc, ns may often he icenin a Wnllachiun hutT What idlo lu.nrv wnr 1 ibis! There nro thousands of cabins in which not a Irnce of a window is to he seen ; nothing but n litile square hole in front, which doubles iho duty of dour, window, and chimney; light, smoke. ii"i aud cbil- In n, nil must pass in nnd out nf tho same npuriure ! " A French author, U'.-numout, who hail seen the Irish peasant in his cnbin, and ihe Norih American Indian in his wigwntn, has assured us that ihe suvn-o fa brttnr provided fortbati the poor mun iu Ireland. Indeed, iho qiie'imn nmy o raiseu, wnoiner in Hio Wholo world a nation is to ho fouud that is subjected to such physical privations as the ponnntry in some parts of Ireland. This fact cannot bo placed iu too strong light: fnr if it can once be shown that liio wretchedness nf tho Irish popul'ilion is without a parallel example nu the globe, surely every friend of humnnity will fed himaelf called on tn reflect whether menus may not be found for rem oving nn evil oi so Rsiminding a uingniltiilo I " A Itussian peasant, no doubt, is the slnvo of a hard master, but still bo it fed and h-iused to bis content, nnd no trace of mendicancy is to he seen in him. Tlie Hungarians are cerintniy nut nmniig the beat used pen pie iu tho world; still, what tine wheutcn bread, nnd whnt wine, hna even the humblest uimmg them for his dnilv fare! The Hungarian would arnrcelv bnliovx it if ho were to he told thorn wns n country in which iho iuhabiiunlt must content themselves with potntnes every alternate dny iu iho yeur. " Servin and Bosnia are reckonod ntnong the moat wretched countries nf Europe, nnd rerlainly ihe appearance of onenf their villages has little ihnt is attractive about il; but at least tho people, if bndly hoiised are well clad. Wo look not for much luxury or comfort nmnng tho Tartan of the Crimea; wo call ihem pfior and harlmrous, but, good benvens ! they look ut lenst like human creatures. They have a uattonnl loslumn, their houses aro habitable, their orchnrda am archill y tended, nnd their cailv-hanieaanl noiiiea am mosi oi mem m gunu coiuiitiim. au iriiMimiin hns no-ibitig national about him hut bis rags. bis habitation is without a plan, hit domestic economy without rule or lnw. Wo have beggars nnd pnuoers amomr us. hut uiey lorra ni lenai nit exconiion : wherons, in Ireland, boggary or abject Hiverty is the prevailing rulo. The nation is one of beggars, nnd they who are abnro beg-gnry seem to form an exception. "The African negroes go miked, but then Ihey have alrepicnl sun to warm them. Tbe Irish nro n littlo re moved irom a stato o nakedness j nnd their climate, (hough not to cold, is cool, and extremely humid. " I he Indians ol America live wretchedly enout-h at times, but ihey have no know ledge of a better cotidi- lion, and, as they nro hunters, they have evory now and men, a productive rnnse, nnu are able to make a number of least days in the yeur. Many Irishmen havo out ono ay on wmcn uiey eai iicsii, namely, on Christ, mns day. Every oilier tiny thev feed on nolninoa. Now this Is iiihuiiiftiit tor iho appetite and atumach of man claim variety in food, nud nowhere else tin w find human lining gnawing from yenr'a end to year's enu, ni ino same rooi, perry or weeu. there are animals ihnt do so, but human lieiugi now here, except in Irelnnd. Tilt ro nro nations of slaves, but thev hnve. hv lone ciiaieio, ouen niuiio unconscious oi ino yoao o slave ry, una ia not Hie enso wild the Irish, who have a strong feeling of liberty within Ihem. uud are fullv . aiblo of Iho weight of tho yoke they hnvo to bear. They nro intelligent enough to know Iho injustice done them by the distorted laws of their country; rind while they nro themselves enduring Iho extreme ol poverty, they have frequently before ihem, in tlio manner of file ol their Hnglisli landlords, a spectacle of tho most rehneil luxury that human ingenuity ever invented. ' What awakens the most tmiuful feolinus in tmvet. ing through ono of these rocky, boggy districts, rich in nothing hut ruins, ts this : Whether yon look back in to (he pnat, or forward to the future, no prosper! more rueriiig presents useit. jnrre is not uio lenst trace ii it io ahow Ihnt iho connlry has ever been holler cut livnted.or (hat a happier race ever dwelt in it. Ii seems as if wretchedness had prevailed ihere from lime immemorial as if rngs hnd succeeded rngs, bog had formed nvor bog, ruin hnd given birth tit ruins, and neggart had begotten beggars, fur a long serioa of con tunes. Nor dues the I u lure present a moro cheering view. Even for the poor Greeks under Turkish domi-nation, thero was more hope than fr tho Irish under me r.ngusii." AvU i Travtlsm inland. The picture here given ia from the pen nf an accomplished German traveler, who hnd visited nml embed most of the countries in Earopo ; but who hnd nowhere inund tho squalor nml wretchedness that pro vailed among the people of that important portion ol thoBritiah Empire, called Ireland. Aud vet lm tmv, eled eight or (on years since, before tho ravages of lamiueatm peai notice bnd hern so lully experienced ns not only lo have arreated ihe tin-area of mumlniimi. but actually to havo diminished it ton point lower limn mm a. which hbiooii thirty years since. 1 no nmnheri of tho last four censuses have been na follows t IS'-'l G,Rul,8?7 181 7,7(17,4111 imi 8,175,IL4 I&fl 0,010,71)4 To whnt cnusu may this extraordinary course of events no aurioiited 7 Uertmuiy not to any deficiency oi iniiu, lor nearly one-third oi the whole surface, including millions of acres of ihe richest soils of the kingdom, remains in a stale nf nature. Not to original in feriority of the soil in cultivation, for it has been con fessedly among ihe richest iu iho empire. Not to a deficiency nf mineral ores or fuel, for coal abounds, and iron ores of tho richest kind, us well ua '.hose of other metal, exist iu vast profusion. Not to any deficiency in tho physicul qualities of the Irishman, for it is an cs tahlUlicd fact tlmt ho is callable of performing more labor than the Englishman, tho Frenchman or tlio Bel gian. Not to a deficiency of intellectual ability, for ireinnu na given to migiauu tier most distinguished soldiers and statesman : ami wo hnve iu this country everywhere evidence that tho Irishman it capable of me mgiiesi oegroo oi intellectual improvement. Nov orlheloss, while possessed of every advantage thnt na ture coiiiu give nun, we una the irishman at home a slavo to 'hu severest taskmasters, and reduced to a con ditiun of poverty nnd distress such at is exhibited iu nu other portion of tho civilized world. No choice is now left him but between expatriation and atnrvation, and therefore it is that wo sen him now everywhere abandoning the homo of his fathers, to seek tbat sub-sistatico which Ireland, rich na she is in soil and in her minerals, iu her navigable rivers, and in her facilities of communication wilh the world, can no longer uflbrd him. To enable us lo understand the causes of this extraordinary ttato of ihingti, we must study the colonial , system of Englutid; that system which his for Us object the conversion of all the people of tho rest of the world int i farmers and planters, dependant nnon Man chester and Hirmingham, Leeds and 8lietlleld for a market lor thotr products, and for a market iu which to purchase the machinery of cultivation, and the clothing of the cultivator, his wife and his children. Ihe government which followed the completion of the ((evolution of 1C8S, pledged itself to discountenance iho woolen manufacture of Ireland, with a view to com pel the export of raw wool to England, whence its exportation to foreign countries wits prohibited ; the effect of which was, of courso, to eiinblo tho English manufacturer to purchase it nt his own price. From that period forward wo find numerous regulations aa to the ports from which ahum woolen yarn or cloth might go lo England, and tho purls of iho latter through which it might come; while no effort was spared to induce iho people uf Ireland lu abandon woolen nud take to 11 tx- L tws were passed, prohibiting ih) export of Irish cloth and glass to tlie colonies. Hy other laws Irish ships wero deprived of the benefit of tho navigation Inws. The fisheries wero closid against Ihem. No si i pur could be imported from nny place but Groat main, nuu nu urawuucK waa allowed on its exporta tion to Ireland ; and thus waa tho lalter compelled to pay n tax for the support of the British government, while maintaining its own. All other coloninl produce was required to bo carried first to England, tiller which it might bo shipped to Ireland ; and us Irish shipping wns excluded from tho advantages of tho navigation laws, it followed thnt the voyuge uf importation was to ho made in British ships, manned by British seamen, and owned by British merchants, who were thus authorized to tax the people of Ireland fnr doing their work, while a largo portion of the Irish people were themselves unemployed. While thus prohibiting the growih of manufactures or of trade, every inducement was held out to ihem to conlino themselves to tho production of commodities required by tho Etigli.di manufacturers, nnd wool, lu mp nud flux wero admitted into England free of duty ; and thus we see that tho system id that day iu reference to Ireland was almost precisely what it is now in reference In tho world nt Urge. During our Wnr of tlie Uevoluiion, froedom of trade wns claimed for Irelnnd: and na tho demand wns made at a time when a I urge portion of her people wero under nrma ns volunteers, ihe inorchniits and manufacturers of England, who had so long forced themselves into the situation of middlemen for iho people of the sister kingdom, found themselves compelled to remove some nf Ihe restrictions under which the Intler bad so lung remained. Htep by step changes wero mnde, until nt length, in 17H:i, Ireland wna declared independent. Thenceforward we find manufactures and trade making progress; nnd such continued tube iho enso, until, by Ihe Act of Union, tbo country wns reduced lo the condition of a men' colony without the enjoyment of nny single right for which these colonies hud contended. Tho Copyright Laws of England were extended to Ireland, and nt once Ihe large and grow-big mntiulucluro of book a wna prostrated.- The Patent Laws weto extended In Irelnnd ; and ns England had so long monopolized lo bersell the manufacturing machinery then in use, it wns clear that it wns thero ihe improvements would be made, and that thenceforth Die manufactures of Irelnnd must retrograde. Manchester hnd Iho homo market, tho foreign market, nnd, tn no small extent, thnt nf Ireland opened tn her; whilo tho manufacturers of the lalter were furred to contend for existence, and under the must disadvantageous circumstances, on their own soil, ns is now Ihe caso with tbn manufacturers of cloth and iron in thia country. The nno could nflord to purchase expensive machinery, nml to adopt whatever improvements might be made, while the other could not. Tho natural cm-sequenco was, tho Irish manufactures gradually disappeared iib the Act of Union came intnetlect. By vir tue of Us provisions, (he duties established by tho Irish Parliament for ihe purpose of protecting the farmers of in land in their eiiorta in bring the loom and Ihe anvil into close proximity with the plough anil Iho barrow, wero gradually lo diminish, nnd British free trade wns tn be folly established; or, in other Words, Manchester nnd Mirminghaut wero to have a monopoly of supply- ing ireinnu won ckhii ana iron, tueiiuiy on r.nglisn woolens wns to conlimio twenty years. The almost prohibitory duties on English cnlicoea and muslins were to continue until 1M08; atler which they wero to be gradually diminished, until IH'1 they wore to cease. Those on cotton yarn were to ceae in 1810. The ef fect of this in diminishing iho demand for Irish labor, is seen iu the following comparative view of manufac tures at the date of Ihe Union, and at d liferent periods in ino onaumg torty yenrs, hero given : Dublin, l?n0, Mialrr woolen manufacturers, 9; igtii nanus emiiloyeil !Mfl (502 Master wool combers :HI JKM( HsikIi employed S-'IO " Carpet Manufacturers 13 1841, iianns eiiiinnved 7a) " nnnn Milcnny, ipuu lusnset maiiutartnrers nil 18.2, iisniii employed .un hi " ny. Dublin. IKOll filk-loom weavers at Work.. ..Won WO, 2A) Itsllirliiiian, I .Wi, (.'alieo-lonnis at work '-."Oao Ml, 'A'H Wickltiw, I KM), 1 1 and -looms at work.... ..urn " none ors, irtaj llralil wearers ..Won mt, ..StXKI " " Worsted weavers " Hosiers - Wool-combera " Cotton wesvors , " Linen cherk wearers ... " Cotton spinners, bloaeb-rs, calico printers. 7(10 1 , eooi) , OM) thousands 1 Id) 800 nono Bonn Fur nearly half a century Irelnnd baa hnd ner- foctly free trade wilh ihe richest country iu the world: nml whit " anya iho author of a recent wnrk nf great butty, " hns that free trade done for her I She has oven now," ho continues, ' no employment for her leeming poniiinmn eicept upon iho Inud. tjlio nimbi tn have find, ami might easily have had, other and va nous employments, nnd plenty of it. Aro wo lo believe," says he, "iho calumny thnt the Irish aro lazy uud won't work ? Is Irish human nature different from Iher human nature 7 Are nut ihe most laborious of lahorora in London nud New York. Irishmen t Are Irishmen inferior iu understanding T We Englishmen w ho havo porautmllv known Irishmen in the srmv. nt nin uni, nuu iu u ie vimrcii, anew inui mere is no bel ter head than a disciplined Irish one. But in all these aiaes, ihnt master of industry, tbo alomuc h hna bean well satisfied. Let an Englishman exchange bis bread and beer, and boef and mutton, for no brenklnat. fur lukewarm lumper at dinner, and no sunner. With such a diet, how much hell or is he limn no Irishmnn n Celt, as he calls him f No, the truih is, tbat the misery of Irelnnd ia not from tho human nature ihnt growt ihere It ia from Engbtnd's perversa loLMlmi.,n nn.i nnd present." (Sophisms of Free Trade, by .. Barnard Deprived i f all employment, oiceot in tlm Inlmi- i agriculture, land became, nf course, tho great object in jiiiimiii,. i,aiiu is nu-, nniii, most emphatically, Chttf Justice Blnrktmrn I anH Ihe people hnd before litem the. choice between tu nccupntiou of Inud, m any rent, or starvation. Tho lord of tlie land wns thus enabled lo dictate his own terms, and therefore it hns been that wo hnve beard ol tho tiavment of live, six eight, and oven na much aa ten pounds per acre. iJiiiiiiiKniB n-iiiB, iow wages, lanua in au enormous extent, let by rapacious and indolent proprietors lo monopolizing hitul-jobbers, to he relet by intermedium oppressors, ior nvo limes ihelr vnlue. nmnng the wretch an sinners on potatoes and water, led to u constant succession ol outrages, pillowed by Insurrection Acts. Arms Ada, nnd Coercion Acia, when the real remedy was to oe lounti m mo adoption ol a system Hint would emnncipnto the country from the tvrunnv of the snin inw nuu hid motu, nun permit ino lanor ol Ireland io mid employment nt home, mat employment could nut tie hnd. With ihe sup pression ot Irish manufactures the demand fur labor bad disappenred. Wo have now before us iho work of a mghiy intelligent traveler, describing the statu ol Ireland in iu.f l, thirteen years after tlie iree-trnde nrir visions of the Ant nf Union hnd come fully into operation, from which we shall now give some en tracts. snow ing mat ihey were compelled in remain idle, nl Ihoiigh willing in work nt Ihe lowest wngea such wages nt could nnt by nny possibility enable them to do more limn merely sustain life, nnd perhaps not even that. Canhet, " W n gei hero only eighteen pence a day, nnd numbers altogether without employment." Cahir. " I noticed, on Sunday, on coining from chun h, tbe streotacrowdrd with laborers, with spudes nnd other implements in their hands, standing tn be hired ; and 1 nscerlained that any number of ihoso "I'erhsps the most striking IHiotrstlon nf tlie chanicd rlreum-stanersol Irelsnd since tbn Union, is I" lie lound In iheipmln- u tun consumption ol bonks I'rtur to l hio, a lario portion l the valuable books publltheil tn KiiBjaml, were re-print d across Iho channel: and evidence nl tins may especially bn found on au examination ot any of onr old Uw llhtarlts, whr-rv almost all thn reporters ol that period, as well as many ol tlm mnil valuable treatises, will bo luund In hool Iho Irish editions. It tnt.y lm doubted If the whole iiasntliy ol bonks sold In Ireland at this time, la equal (o tbat which belore Iho Union was published by a aiugia own men might havo been engaged, on couatnnt employment m turpence per aay, wmioui oiei." Wicktow " The husband of this woman was a la borer, iitxencenday,fjAT of which sixpences thnt is, eighty dny a' labor were absorbed in the rent of the cnbin. " In onothercabiu was n decently dressed woman with fivo children, and her husband was also a laborer at sixpence a day. The pig had been taken lor rent a lew days belore. ' I lotind sumo 1 ibi rera receiving only ftmrpence per day." Kilkenny " Upwards of 2000 persons without employment." " I visited the factories that used lo sun. port 200 men with their families, and how mnnv men did I find at work T Onk man ! In place of finding men occupieu, i saw tnem in scores, like spectres, walking about, and lying about tho mill. I saw immense piles of goods completed, but fur which there was no sale. I saw heaps of blankets, nnd I saw every loom idle. As for tho carpets which hnd excited the jealousy nnd the fears of Kidderminster, nut ouo hnd been mado for seven months. To convoy an idea of me oesiuuiion ot ineso neon e. 1 mention, ihnt when au order recently arrived fur tho manufacture of ns many niatiKets tor Hio polico us would havo kept tho men at work for a few duva. bonfires wore. Iidiied about the country not bonfires to communicate insurrection, but lo evince joy that a few stnrving men were about to enrn bread to support their families. Nevertheless, we are told that Irishmen will not work at home." Callen." In this town, contnioinp hntweeii four ami five thousand inhabitants, at least 101)0 aro without, regular employment, six or seven hundred entirely destitute, and there aro upwards of 200 mendicants iu the town persona incapable of work." Inglis1 Ireland iu 1834. Such was Iho picture everywhere presented to tho eye of Ibis intelligent traveler. Go whero ho miitht, he fouud hundreds anxious fur employment, yet no employment could be hnd, unless tlmy could Havel to K!n..l....l -...1 :.. .... 'i: i .1... uioii' in niiciiu tccthM 111 irUVfMlllg ruuilU HIU country in quest of days of employment, the wages for wiiicu migiu enable thorn to pay their rent at homo. "The Cell." snys tbo Times. " is tbe hewer of wood nnd ihe drawer of water to the Saxon. Tho proat works of this country." it continues, "depend on cheap labor." Such being tho ense, the lower the price ni which the Uelt could he inudo its work, the better fur the Saxon ; and in better mode could bo found of cheapening labor than tho sacrifice of Irish manufactures, brought about by the udoplion of British froe trade, tho inevitable effect of which must bo that ol placing tho wholo population nt homo in tbo power of ihe few owner of laud, nud ubrnnd in that nf tho pro jectors of the great wurks of England, requiring for the accomplishment ,i large supply of those " hewers wood and drawers of waier." It might bo thought, however, that Ireland wus de ficient in the capital required for obtaining mnchinery of manufacture to enable her people to mnintnin com panion wiin tier poworiui neighbor. In reply in litis we have to say that before tho Union she had that machinery nud from tho date of that nnungemeni, so Irnudiilently brought about, by which was aeiiled conclusively tho destruction uf Irish mnnufnclurea, the annual waste of labor wnt grenter than ihe whole amount uf capital then employed in Iho cotton and woolen manufactures of England. From thnt ditto ihe people of Irelnnd were thrown, from yenr to yeur, mure in iho hands of middlemen, who accumulated fortunes that thoy would nnt invest in tho improvement of laud, nnd coii not, under the system which prostrated manufactures, invest iu inachiuorv nf anv kind calculated to render labor productive ; nnd all their accumulations were tent therefore to England jor investment. Wo hnvo now dolorous an olbcinl statement showing that the transfers of British securiiicsfrum England to Ireland, thnt is to sty, the investment of Irish capital iu Eng- inno. in uio iiuncen yenrs inflowing tho linnl adoption of British freo trade in 1821, nmoiinicd to as many millions of pounds sterling; nud thus was Ireland forced to contribute cheap lab t nnd cheap enpitnl to buihling up "ihe grent works of Britain." Further, it wns provided by law ihnt whenever the poor people of a neighborhood contributed to a saving fund the amount ahould not bo npphed in nny manner calculated to furnish local employment, but should tin transferred for investment m tho British fundi. Tho landlord! fled lo England, and their rent followed them. The middlemen sent th- ir capital to England. The frailer or the laborer that could nrctimulnlo a Utile eaiiitnl saw it sent to Mngluud', and bo waa then compelled io mnow il. Such is iho lntnry of ihe origin nf iho present nonuoonmetii ni Ireland hy its inhabitants. ino innn in uiiirii rents, nmti a. nnd SHViiifS. ns well as lanes, went lo England, was lliat of rnw pro ducts of the soil, to bo consumed abroad, yirlding tiort- tng io oe rcntmta ro rue lana, winch wns, oi course, im poverished. Tho export nf nuimnl produce iu tho yenr 1835, had uuaincu (oiiin lotiowing figures: uiiwb and oxen OS.KiO Hones 4,bTiri Rheep l2.r,4.VJ Swine .Vii.HU Bocon uud hams, lbs ..379,1 1 1 Beef and pork, lbs :i7fl,lJ Butter, lbs 1127,00!) Lard, lbs 70,2(17 In Ihoso cases, some return was made to tbe land in ihe manuro yielded bv the cows mid oxen, the li.es nud iho sheep; but from the grain exported, avornging for several yenrs preceding this d;ile, about tweuty-fivo millions bushels, of b'O pounds each, no return wnmever was mane, nm poor peopio were, in Incl, selling their soil to pay for coitim nnd woolen goods thnt they should havo manufactured themselves, for oonl which nbotinded among themselves, for iron, nil me mninnnia o which existed at home iu great profusion, and fur a smnll quantity of ten, sugar, and oth er loreign commodities, while tlio amount required to pay rout to absentees, nnd interest to mortgagees, wns estimated nt more than seven millions of pounds iter-1 ling, or almost thirty-five millions nt dollars. Here wns a drain that nn nation could hear, however great Its productive power; and Iho whole nf it was dim to tho coloninl system. British free trade forbade Ihe application of labor, talent, or enpitnl to any thing hut agriculture, nnd thus furhado advance in civilization. The inducements to remain at home, steadily diminished. Those who could live without labor found thnt society bad changed ; nud they fled to England, France, or Daly. Those who desired to work, anil felt that they wero qualified lor something bovond mere innnu- nl labor, fled to England or America; nnd thus by de grees was tue iiniortiinnto country depleted nt every thing that could render it a home in which in remain, while those who could not fly remained in bo, ns the I tmet to well describes it, mere " lie wen of wood and drawers of wnler tn iho Saxon, hajvy when a full grown mnn could find employment at six pence a day, and that, too, without food. Throuchoiit Iho south nnd west of Ireland." snid an English traveler in 1H 10, four yenrs before the exhnus lion of the soil had produced disease among tho potatoes, "the trnveler is haunted by tho fare of Iho popular starvation. It is not the exception it is the rendition (If Iho people. In thia fairest and richest of countries, men are bd lie ring and starving by muttons. There are ihnnsanda of Ihem, nt this minute, stretched in ihe sunshine at their cnbin doors wilh no work, scarcely nny food.no bone seemieclv. Strong rotintrvmen are lv- ing in hid for the hunger1 because a mun lying on ii is hbck uocb not uueu so mucn inou as u person a-Toot. Many of tin in hnvo torn up iho unripe patntoes from their lilile gnrdens. and lo exist nnw must look tn winter, when Ihey shall hnve tn suffer starvation nnd cold loo." " Every where," snid the Quarterly Review, " through out all purls, evop n the best towns, and in Dublin itself, you will meet men and boys not dressed, not covered hut hung round wilh n collection of rngs of unrivaled variety, aiiunlidily, and h th walking dune' bills. " No one ever aaw an English senre-crow with such rngs." Thoexislenco of such a state uf iliincs was. said ihe ndvecnto of British free trade, In bo accounted lor by the fact Ihnt ihe population wns loo numerous lor the land, nnd yet a third of tho surface, including iherich-esl lands iu the kingdom, wns lying unoccupied and wnsTo. "Of single connlies," snid an English writer. " Mavo. with n population of 3H!l,0f)0. and a rental nf on!v 31)0,0011, has an nren of l,.1li 1,000 acres, ol which 8110,000 nro wnstel No less limn I7l),(l0ll ncies, being very neatly equal lo the wholo extent of surface now under ciuiivaiion, aro declared to bo nclaimabli (nil way, wild a population of I23.0n0. nud a valued rental ol ju:i3,(WQ, hns upwnrds uf 700,000 nen s nf waste, 410,000 of which nro re -laimnble I Kerry, with a populniion nl' 2!i3.000, hasnn area nf 1,180.000 acres 727,000 of them being waste, nnd -100,0110 uf them reciaimutite Kveti tho union of Olenites. Lord Mnti tcaglo's we pwi ultra of rrdundntii population, has an urea ot n; uuo acres, oi which 20U,(l((J are waste, nml furthe moat part reclaimnble, toils population of 4 1,000. wniio me uarony ol hums, that nhnminntion of dm Intion, lias 230,0110 acres of Inud to ita 5 000 lumpen a proportion which, na Mr. Cnrier, one nl ihe principal proprietors, remarks in his circular adv. rtiHemeni lor tenants, is ol tho rnle of nlilv one fumilv tn2'tlt acres so that if but ono bend of n Itimily weio employed to every 230 ncres, ihero need uot be u single pauper in tho entire district; a proof,' he ad.lt. 'that notiiino BUT RMIM.OTHKNT IS WANT) NO TO SKT Tills COUNTRY TO iiiuitTS I In which opinion we fullv coincide." That snrb wns Ihe trip cause of Iielnud's ditllcoltie imne could doubt. Britifh In e trade had drained ihe country of capital, and tie labor even nf men (wind no demand, wmie ino women nuu children starved, that tlie women nnd children of Englnnd might spin cotton ntid wenvecioui uini ireiuiiu was ton poor to I'-irctinsi' Mail, however, ns nil Una wits, a worse state ol llmni wns nt hand. Poverty ntid wreirhedneaa compelled tho wretched people tn il y in thousands nnd tens uf thousands, across tlm channel, thus following the capital and tlm soil thnt had Ix-on transferred to llirminglinni and Manchester: uud the streets mid cellars of those towns, nnd thoan uf Lorn Ion, Liverpool, nnd Glaagnw. were tilled with men, wutnen and i luidrett in a stair almost of starvation! while ihroiirh1 ul Iho counlry, men went olli ring lo perlerm iho hum labor for fnd alone, and aery had arisen nmong iho people of England thnt iho laborers were likely to be swamped by iheso starving Irishmen: to provide against which ft wna needed (hut I ha lnndhrds of Ireland should be com polled tn support their own pour, ami forthwith 1 an Act of Parliament was passed for thai purpose, Aa a necessary consequence of this, thero was an increased desire to rid tho country of iho men, women and children whose labor could not bo sold, mid who could therefore pay no rent. The " Crow-bar Brigade " was therefore called into moro active service, as will be seen by (ho following account nf their labora in a sin gleonu of tbo "Unions" established under tbe poor-law system, which in many instonces took tho whole rent of tho land fur the maintenance of those who had been reduced tn pauperism by ihe dotermination of the people of Manchester nnd Birminnlmm tn mnlW.im .1.- colonial syBtem under which Ireland bad been ruined. "In Gulwuy Union, recent accounts declared tho number of persons evicted, nnd their homes leveled Within tho lust two years, to cnunl tha nnmhnra in Kil. rush 4,000 families and 20,000 human beings are said to have been hero alsn thrown upon the road, house less and homeless. I can roodily beliovo the atate-niont, for to me somo part of tho country appeared like au enormous graveyard tbe numerous gables of the unroofed dwelling! seemed to bo emniitic tomb stones. They wore, indi cd. rnrnnfa nf decnv nml death far more molaorhn.lv thn,. ilm omu , )mUr Looking on them, the doubt roan in n,v mi,.,! ..r. I i a civilized country I Hnvo we really a free constitution T Call lUCh BCeilCB be onmllelod in Nil,..-,- nr Caffrarin ?'' Up to this tirno I hero bad been rennnted en,.- nf ..nr. tinl famine, but now iho nation was startled by the newa of tho oliuoat total failure nf tho crop nf potatoes, tho single description of food upon which tho people of Belaud had been reduced io depend. Constant cropping of tlio soil, returning lo it none of tbo manure nicuuso oi mo necessiiy tor exporting almost die wholo of its products, has produced disease in the vegetable world, precisely us tho want of nourishment produces it in the animal world, and now n crv nf fHmin throughout tbo land. The poor-houses wero every- wore filled, while the rouds uud tbo streets, and the graveyards wero occupied by the starving and the na- i" ii, mo oyiog ami ino uend ; me presses ol liuglniid wore filled with denunciations of English and Irish landholders, who des red lo inako food dear, whiln men, women, and children were perishing by hundreds of thousands fur want id' fond. Until now, Ire-laud bad been protected in the market of KiiPlnnl n. sumo small cunipensution for Ihe sacrifice she had made of hor manufacturing iuterusts; but now, small ns has ooett tne main, it waa to lio withdrawn. The famine cntno most opnoitunolv f-ir Mniirliostrr anil BirinliiM. bum. Tin y Imtl fKliikiwttMl ull tin foreiun cuiiolriea wiih which ihey hud been permitted to mnintnin whnt they denominated true trade India, Poriugal, Turkey, the Went Indies nnd Ireland h'-rself nnd it hud be- como necessary to mnko nn effort tn obtain a control over ihe only prospermia countries in Iho world, those wmcn nnu established protection ul Hie people against the British monopoly, lo wit this country, Franco, Belgium, Germuoy uud Russia anil the mode of accomplishing this was that of olleriiig them the tame freedom of trade in food by whirh Ireland had been ruined. Tlio larmeia wen- oierywhoro invited lo exhaust their soil by sending ils products to England to lm conauin. oil ; nnd the corn lawa were repoaled fur tho purpose n viiuimiok iiieio in impoeriMi uiemsoivos ny entering into competition with the starving Irishman, who was thus at unco deprived of ihe mat ket nf Englnnd, in by the Act of Union ho hud beon deprived of his own. Tho cup of wretch -flues, was before well nigh full, but it waa now filled. The price of food fell, nnd the laborer wns ruined, fur tho product of his Inud would scarcely pay his rent. The landlord was tinned, fur he could collect po renin, mid lie wns nt (ho mine time liable for the payment of enormous taxes for the maintenance of his poor neighbors. His land was encumbered wilh morlg igea and settlements, created when food was high, and he could pay no interest ; uud now iho middlemen of England stopped in to cluirn their " pound of Ib-Mi," nud o taw was passed, by aid of which property could be summarily disposed of ut public sa!o, and the proceeds distributed among thoso who had (he legal claims upon it. Tlie last blow wna thus given to Ireland, and from that dny u this, fauiinouiid pestilence, levellitiga nnd evictions, hnvo been iho order of tbo dny. Thar efiVct bus every where been to drive tho poor people from the hind, and its consequences nro seen in the met that the mpuln-tion numbered, in 1050, one million six hundred and fifty-nint thousand less than it did tn 18-10; while the starving populniion of iho towns hnd largely increased. Tho ci nuly of Cork had dimininhed 222000. whilo Dublin had grown iu numbcra 22.000. Galwny had lost 125,-000, while tho city bad gained 7,422. Contianght hnd lost 41-1, 1100, while Limerick and BoUait bad gained 30.000 Announcing these Htarlling facta, the London Timrs, tho great oraii of BritUh freetraders, slated that "for a whole grneration man had been a drug in Ireland, and population a nuisance" Tlio "inexhaustible Irish mpply hnd," us it continued, "kept down tho price nf Eaglisli labor," but this cheapness of labor had "contributed vn-lly to the improvement and power " nl l'lii-lund, and largely to " the cniovmenl of those who had money totpend.' Now, however, a change ap peared to bo at hand, and it wns to be feared lhal the proapi rily nf Englnnd. bitted as it had been on ekean Irtxh labor, mi;;hl be i'licrfcrt-d tvith, ns lamiiionnd pestilence, oviciioua and emigration, were thinning out the Celts who had so long, ns it Stid. been " bowers nf wnml nud drawers uf water for the Saxon." The Daily Newt, another of the advocates of Ihe syflcm which has ox hnuated and ruined Ireland, nud is now transferring ils hind to the men win: Inve enriched themselves by acting ns middlemen between the producers nml con sumers of iho woihl, lejnii t il in ihe great number of Ihoso who had tl"d Irom ilo-tr unlive soil in escape tho honors of starvation nnd pestilence. This is regarded as the joyful side nf tlm, enso. Wo give its words : What will follow ? TIi'm ureal good among other, that Me stagnant weight of unemployed papulation in these iusiilateil roalma is never likely again lo accumulate lo iho dangerous amount which there was sometimes cause to uppreheiid that, from unforeseen revulsions in industry or foreign trude, it might have done. A natural vent is now so thoroughly opened, and so certain to grow wider and clearer every day, that tlio overflow will pass i.fT w henever n moderate degree nf pressure recurs, mpuiation, sum, nnd capital also, will no lunger watt in consternation nil they are hilf n.i-m nun minium?: nun iunr. i no wny is reauy. They will silently shift itieir ounrters when thocomne- tilion nr depression here becomes uncomfortable. Every family hns already friends or acquaintances who havo gone heforo ihem over tlie sen Socially, our iu-sulatiuti nsa people is proved, by ihe census of 18'1 t-i ne ai an enu. ' The Timet, loo, rejoices in iho prospect that Iho re sources of Ireland will t ov prolnbly be developed, as tbe Saxon takes ihe place of the Cell, who has so long uewn ino wood ami innwn urn waier tor ins nnxou mnsiors. ' Prosperity nud happiness mny," as it thinks. some day reigu over that beautiful island. Ils fertile soil, its rivers and lakes, its water-power, its mincrata, and other materials tor the wants nnd luxuries of man, may one day bo developed ; but alt appearances art against the btlitf that this will ever happen in the days of the Celt. Thnt tribe will toon fullill the grent law of rrnvidence winch aeetns In enjoin and reward tlie un ion uf rncoa. ; Kill mix with, the Anelo American, and be known no more as a jealout and separate people. Its present piaco win no occupied oy mo moro mixed, mure docile, nud in or- serviceable raco, which has long borne the yoke of sturdy industry iu thin island, which can submit to a master and obey Ihe law. This is no longer a dream, lor it is a fact now in pmgresa, and every day moro apparent." Commenting upon iho view thus presented, one ot our American contemporaries most truly says, " Thero cold blooded atrocity in tho spirit o these remarks for which exnmples will lie sought in vain, eicent among iho doctors uf the frectrndo school. Natural- lain have learned to look wuli philosophical indiherenco upon ihe atonies f a rabbit or a moiiao oxniiiuo in nn exhausted receiver, but it requires long teaching irom uio ecooutiiisiB ouinro men a nenrta can be so steeled, that nfior pumping out nil iho aitstonnnee of vitality from one uf the fairest islands under the sun, they enu discourse calmly upon ils depopulation ns proof of iho Kiiccess of iho experiment, can talk wilh bitter irony uf thnt strange region of the earth whero such n poople, aflectiotinte anil hopeful, genial and wit ty, riduslnous nnd independent, wns produced and could not stay' and can gloat in the anticipation that prosperity and happiness mny somo dny reign over mat ocnunini laiaim, aim its nmuuiiess reaourcos fnr the wnmsaiul luxuries nf man bo developed, nnt lor the Celt hut ' for n more mixed, mure docile, nnd inure serviceable race, which can submit to a inaaler and obey the law.' " Tho 7iWj reloicea that Ihe place uf the Celt ia in future In be occupied by rattlle, as sheep nlrrndy occupy ihe place of Ihe Highlander, expelled from Iho Innd in which, before Brbnin undertook In underwork (be world nml thus secure a monopoly fnr tho men of Manchester nud Birmingham, bis fathers were as se cure in their rights as wns iho landowner himself. Irish j.mrnnl lake n riillurcnt view id ihe prospect They deprecate tin idea of Ihe total expulsion ol tho native race, na mny be seen from the following extract from The. HVifVrn Star Speaking of Iho exodus of As ear resders may deslrw to understand Iho process ol rlrilr.n In fcnllaiiil. we tire lliololluwiiii; extracts Irom remit I ntlli journoli d' ribbiH it, as nu Ittinif crn,d oh, and as lllu-ly to bo roil tin a I'd ; A Colonel Oonlon. (he owner ef eitsles In South 1'lst and Uarrn, In Iho bicblanda nt Hroilimd, baa .nt oil over 1100 d.-lihite P-risnti mid rillra under Ihe moit rruel and ib buive ti-iiii'l'ilii im; niniiiinj llu ni lliey Would lc tnai-u car oi Imma-diHtely in llit lr arrival at Undue by ihe emigrant him-M, nwivp a free pasm to I pp. r aniida, where they would be provided wild woik by llie txiverntnent Hirnits, and rrcrirn crania ol land nn i-iTliiill lltintbisry eotiiltlloiis. ievriity-.uio ot llm Inst earirn if four bandied unit lilty, lisve siened n nhdi inrnl thnt some f ihem tied lo 111-' mountains when nn nlti iopt was main to lorcn thnn lo cmlitrale, ' Wlieretipnn,' thi-y add, Mr. rkmlau (hvo orihtrs tu a iKiliremnn, who wna nrcnmpaninl by the ground nltl err nl tlioeilsle In Uarra. and some cnnilablea, to puisne Ihe people who liml rnnswHV amnni; the tnminlatna, which thy did, rinii tueerttUtl ia tuptttrttnf nlut trmlH fr.m tkr raewnfitiss nn4 fr,m-tr isnwrJ ta ihr nreAi.rA..rf ; Kf l9 cm, uk tkt n(a. vrs na ia i' mpt hrinf tin-lr to ninttruff tkrm ami tha mmr vho nut diMV nrr nnt "un 'h' hark ,- In mant rrr if rAi. kjmr Mm. (, .it (,i.(, A-ir. -bun Hiriiiul, mtmt harm turn far "Are In tfurhf, vhikKthir tatmfar nf tar .,M, omit art Mt tn tkr ai. jH.rV' " "tin board thn Conrad and the Itlrmnn were .110 persons from Mult ami Tyree.MNt uihfli tinu i Ihr lKi Jrglt hn provided lb oni with a trert paMfc to Montreal, whero on arrival lh'y presented the same Bipcaranr nt destitution aa Ume tsut Innn Hnuth I'ist, s'iit mil by Col. i imln that Is, mil My dm-lilute nt money and provisions.' They were all sent frro to llsm-llloo."It may Im proper to add, that starvation made ennslderabla inroads upon thn numbers u( these poor people durlof thn last winter- 1 t