Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1849 : Weekly). (Columbus, OH), 1854-04-25

              J 37 (LsCr ni r I v i i y VOLUME XLIV. COLUMBUS, .OHIO, TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 1854. NUMBER 38. lUccklti DI)ifl State lonrnol is rususiuD at coldmbub evkrt tukdat MOiitflfla, 111 OHIO SI'ATii JJL'KML IMIMJIY, 'Oitrnal BtnuiiNai, man ard ruu imtirs fjnuhoi os mm TF.RM& Invariably in wlvnnct .In Columbus, $'j 1)0 a fnt ; by mall, 91 GO; clubs of four and upwards, ttl.to; of uu and up-mini",I ll K DAILY JOURNAL Li furnWml to city mibwribmi at S6.00, ami iv null nf Wi IX) s year. 'j nk iut-n journal b WW a year. JM TES OFADVKHTlSiyr, IX 77F WKKKLY JOURNAL If! 3 1; .1 squama, 60 761 001 261 7ft 'J 26il 60 4 00 6 W6 COB 00 .Ssquarw. 751 ftl ir,3iU 006 00 0 00 8 00 12. 8Liiat-M, 1 00 1 76 2 2T3 60 4 605 0t6 60S "Ml. K. a 4 squares, 1 36 3 268 Oil 00 6 OJ 6 00 H 00 10. ,14. "23. .10. 1 squars, etijinpxttilft monthly, fJ) year ; wwkly '-MV W, column, rliarirMlili quarterly..,,, 'W, Vj column, clmtutmhle quhrttrly P eolumn, cLaugrMiile quarterly 'Iu0- 10 Unt of thin nw4 type In rwkontiJ squsm. Admtlmftita MiJeml on the litnUa exHimlTly, dnutitn Mitt almrn rnttM. All Imdt-l nntloHA cbartrrd duubls, and ramwun-ij at u 10IM. iUtscclIamj. WOMEN AND MARRIAGE. nr Washington irvino. I hive speculated n great deal upon matrimony. I havo seen young und beautiful women, die prido ot Rjiy circles, mnrried -ns Ihe world says well! S mm Imvo moved into cmtly houses, ami their h iencf b have nil come nnd looked nt thrir lino furniture mid thir splendid arrangements f r happiness, nnd they have Knoe nwiiy nnd committed ilicm In their sunny hopes cheerfully nnd without lenr. It is natitrnl to ho sanguine fur iho young, mid nt such l j tries am Tarried uwny by similar fcefinn. I love to get unobserved inlo a corner, nnd watch tho bride in Imr white nllire, nnd with her smiling f.trn nod h or no ft eyes moving before nm it) I heir pride of life, weave n waking dream f h'T future happiness, nnd perundo myself if at it will b tru-. I think how iliy wilt nit ii("ii tlit Im-nrioiji dof.t hi tilt' twilifiht frilii, nnd build fifty hnp- n, nnd murmur in low ti.mw iIim now rrbiddoti Ifiidcr-titun; nnd how tliriHinly tlin nllowcd Hiss, find lh bi'd'Hilid rinhmrim-litH nf wedded life, will mnko nven th"ir piii'ting joyous, ami haw 'Indly conn hurk from lin crowd und iho I'mjity mirth of tlin pny to each other quiet comi tii I pii:tnrt to myncll tlmt yuunjj rreii!ur, who b!iiiex -v, now at Ins lioi'aiiii v8. Iilrfiiti c:icrly for bin fjo'iilepii ih- ni-dit iobU on, nnd wishing (lint he would (nic; ft rid whun UnrntrTm l;W, and, with (in ntltM linn a undying ns bin iiiIko. tu'dii Iter t hit howum, I mil f-el tho tide tlint R e llnwing tlirimh the limrt. nnd pnowi'h him on tli.it prnfteTul firm nx Him rnoveii about, fur Iho kind oIliiM'aol tili'i ction, nonthing nil bin unquiet Cnres, nntl making htm forget even himself in her young itmt un-fliadow'd heniity. I go forward for Team, nnd necs her tixiiri,nt hnir put fiooerly away from her brow, nnd lier girlih pr '-'n rip" ii idto dignity, nnd hrigiit luveliifHn dinu'encd wiilt the penile tneekticn of ri.iitormd nll'ection. ll"r huHbnnd liMikt on Imr with n proud ejn.imd (dtows her the iimo feiveni nvn nnd deliente aHenlinui which firt won her, and her luir rhiliin n nro growing about 'hem, mill lliey go eii lull cil himor ntid nnlimiblfd yeirn, nnd are remeinheri d tbeii they die! 1 ony I lovelodre.ini lhu whru I lo give the young hride jiy. It iilie natural tendency I h olinp iniirheil by InveMnetui, that i-ir rn.lhiiig for itself; ant) if I evrvield lo darkened foidingt, ilia became tlio light of the piciurn is cliangeil. 1 nm not fnttd of dwelling iijTiiu Fiiuli chantH. and I will not minutely now. i allude to it only It- t'itiHe I trout that my r im phi pag will bo rend by mmm of the y -uiii; and beau tdol brtingn who diily move neton my paih; and 1 wi.old whmper to ihem an tli"y glide by .i")"Ul)' li,d rotdideully, the necrut of an iineli.uded future. ; Tim piciiiru I have driwn nbovo is led petiiliji'-. Ii ! is colored like the f-iilci- i of the bridu ; nnd tnany, oh .' , many an hour w'll she ti', with her nrh jeweU lying I loonely in her linger, ni. d ii renin itu'h dreams Bui t, iheo. Slio belinven ihem, ton nnd i-ho fi'-v, nil a while undeceived. The evening not loo litng while 1 they tnlk id' plaim for linppinenn, ami the quint merd in H'ill n pl-Mitint ni:d d liglilful novelty of mutual rolhm-o and nitPiiiion. TIi-to ronien noon, however, a limn when periennl topicn b euno biro and wen rinonie, a:id flight attemmfm will not alum keep up ill) nor in I ncitoiiicnt. Thorn are boo intervals nl tih'iico mid detected kyioptnmt of wtiiriue-n; atui iho hnihand, lirnt, in his ihanliood, break n in upon tlio lion- th-y were wont to upend logedier. 1 can-! ted follow it cire'ieihinniially Tin ro comes Jong hours ot unhaiqiy re4tleiaiicMt, and terrible migiviiigti of rich oilier' wTlh nnd idoiclion, till, by nnd by lliey crin conci'dl their uiioimiuem no longer, nnd go out Mp.irately to k relief nnd lean upon llin hollow world for the support whii ll one who wnatlmir Invitr and friend culd not give I Ik in! Heed this, vo who are winning by yotir innocent Wanly, tlm (illVeiion ul high minded ami thinking h.-uiiM. ItemomhiT that he will give up tho brother "I hm heart, wi'h whom Im h ii had oven a fellow, fchip of mmd, th" iei ioiyof Idh coti mpornry runmrs in iho men of Imne, who iiavo he'd with Inm a s'crn ompaiiionship ; ami frequently, in hit pnniiomtte love, he will bri-ttk nwiy frnm iho arena of lint burning nmbi ioii. to mme to liiteii to the 'voice of io ch irnier.' It will bewilder him at firt ; but it will not long. And then, think you that nn idle blandishment will change n mind that has been owed, fur yearn, to an cpiid communion 1 Think you he will give up for a weak dalliance, the nnimaMig lliemes id man, nod the m-nn h into iho mystei ies ol kiiowledn? Oli, tl o, lady ! believe ni", no ! Trunt imt vmir ii.ll i-Hnre lo mirli light h tler. Credit not the old la-liioned al"Oir.lity, ihnt vvouan'H u n Hrcmidnty lot, mioifti-rii-g 1o Mm iii'crs-itie d Inr lord and m:iiei-. II your iin moriality i a I'onqiU 'o mid your gilt d mind im rupu Id- ns ours, I w.uild nit no windoin 'd mine Rg.iint (i 't'it ailotmeut I would chu'go 5011 to wni r the U"ding hod, ni.d give it a hunltliy nilture, nnd open iU he.tuty to li t) nun ; and iheii nii may hope Hint, wh'-n your bf" is h iund wiih nioihi'r. you u'Hl go on equ'dly, and in n li llowhliip ill it rdiatl pervade every e'irllily iutereht. THE PRISON- THE 8'JIIOOL-THK HEARTTI- We take pb'intire in tranf''riii'g to the columns of Inj Journal tlm t-illowing excellent nrlicl fiora ihe rhiladelphia I'tMic I.ohfr'. A' the foundation nf evry goveriiiiient lie three things, iho ption, ihe schoul and the hearth. Wiihout lb'-., social mder could 11..1 be maintained for a twelve nuoiih. In proporli u, nSo, nsllm penplenrefreodoes the iollileiico nl the limt decliuo, and lint of tlm two last increase. AutUia and Itaxxia role by the terror if I the dungeon Tlio I'niicd Nutlet i goverm il by the people lheri!elve, 1 dur.dt d to lli.it end iut' llertually at Hm ri hxol, and morally nt Ihe hearth. If ever Milium idioiild ciimo when Mm world will torn n perfect government, lim prif-n w lil disappear altogether, and nl the i litiol find the lireide retnnin. The pritou is, indeed, tlio nidH nl all the agi-m-ies denignel fr the imprnvi men' nl the human nu-e. In fnct, it is piactic:tilly r.iMmr an engino for vindictive puniihiimnl, lh.ui n ine tiis for sncci-adidly h nding the vicious back tovirtue, hew wlmunreenicr 11 iailcome out permanently tef.rinrd. 'I he imijoriiy, perbnps.nre rrt tlly made wooe. (-'nr tho lal liundred yearn pbihui-thropy hns e&h iiited eVTV rrxoun e to rentier pri"()H plai rM nf relorm uioii; but thmipli n few criminals, in Ml it interval, have h-en ret"red lo sorirty, the number h is been vastly exceeded by lb.it id the convicts hopcb ily depraved. Tlmre is, in iru'h. n sotnetbiii" in lh.' very n iinio ol n prison which, while it strikm lonoi , rouses ihe nngi r o the victim ng tint s'lciety Ineiirceratu.n calls tip whatever thnro is of the tiger m Ihn heart. In idiort, to seek to makn people better bv immuring ihem in dungeons, is beginning at the wrong end. Trisnns restrain, but rarely reform men. If our raco is to he improved, we must depend les nn the prison nnd morn 011 tho school and tlm hearth. In other word, wo must rely less on fear as applied to the prown up criminal, and more on tho dill'imbm ol intelligence and p'vtt morula among 11m as yet tin perverted young. Statistics show tint in proportion to (he increao of education crime diminishes. As a clnss, tlm men who cvnnl read are more eo!a'iu tt'i.jr l!'es then II e in. 11 wli.onii TI.ey di i..k moie a . t in (,. i'1 Inn '' i.i''' all-mn, nud lire 1:0 .tinuilly otVeiidiug the l.tw. h.H u gi uenl rule, nU nm, just in proportion at men are nioro highly educnt-1 nl, am they better members of society. Where there 1 is one Professor Webster, there are srores of Lang-fc feldUaiHl Springs. Kvery commonwenhh, Ihercfore, 11 should have pond irliools. lv rv wisettiiitemnnu will look tt the school hoiise, nut only ns n pieventive f enme, but as a mental gyniuasiuin in which to train gn eompetuni voters ami lei;ila'ors. All iguorsiit fipla msy be msde ihe dupes id' dfmgguea, or ihe hln ol a militaiy dictator, much easier ihait a well lnstrttrted one. k Napoleon, loreiinple, is ns intpoii sible fvr America, as a Washington would be, perhaps tor trance. l!ut the ik'honl is ttlK not the most pnwerlul engine in rocum-ratlfif stcieiy. Ono may disriplmo ih in- lelltx t ami iidK!'n the mind, but unless tlm prim iples are cubi'tiicd ifi, one lull tlm work is done. In fnct Ihn mental inslitis are tlm aceiits of ud atid evil exactly pure nr imp it" inotiv s preponderate) in n roan, ihe MephutopMies ol (ioclbe, conrciim to tie Ihe very loiarimiion of wickcdii.a, is Iho idea of p;is sionles" in clleet deveti'd lo unmixed evil. The l.uci fer of Milton h i p.'nerem qui'itii a amid hisib-praviiy. The Mephistophilea is m r y a cold, snet-ring fiend. Hut now here can moral truih be imparted so ctVeciu all at at the firriulo. It is not nt the srlnml that men acquire their hubits of rectitude, but at iho iimth. er'a knee, boneath the peaceful love of the parental hearth. For the teachera task ii principally to Inform the mind, while the minion of tho home U to im prove tho heart. Kvery honest le.cher labors Indeed to educate the mural character ol his or her pupils i out cimmcier 11 not tunned 111 tho matt, and the cium, moroovor, is absent from the school nt the very hours moat tnvorublo for mural improvement. It ia in tho privacy of the family that iho falhngs of tlm child quickest betray Ihuiunelves, and that the peculiarities id' its character const quently becomu most evident. It is 'lit; re also that ttio infant heart opens itself readiest to thovoio of ofl'ection, In reality, children who havo homes, in the Irno serine nf Ih it word, rarely become r-ned citizens. It is now ad milted, by nil persons t'lmlimr with the subject, that not only tlio crinoiinl, hut even he vagabond par-lion of society, in chiefly bred in the dons of tlio idt, degraded and lawless Thero is n commonwenlth of vico that perpetuates itself wilhin the social fabric, as full I rmtpgiils generate, lheinselveo in hniinu itibjecls victims of Ihe Hor.jdiaii diseano. Let a nn be horn in tliu f'amiiy of a thief, nnd the probability is that fie keeps company woh thieves, that lie gmw 111 to be 11 tint f himself. !-it m him first ra the lipnt in a household whuro tlm i-x'inqiie he set a, nnd not merely iho aduco he 1 t-ceives, is uoi.duci' o lo virtue, and ten to ono hu becoiri"s an or.lerly citizen, merely Ir itn the excelh iil awMjcinii.nH which have ii:riound"d httu.il from noihiuit elao. When 11 florist wihhes to proriuro a te-w vurioly of the dahlia, ho begins with lu genu, Mid rb e.i not Wait lor the fl ver. The edu. aiifu i-f H-e heartli i to man what Mm iVu islV skill is lo thr plant. As soon us nv ery chiM can have a home, in Mm Irue hkh of Mint word, prinoiis will be nearly, il li t wholly usless ; nnd not only will jniU becomp natively unkiiowii, but ihe intellectiinl tiai'iin;: receiv d at seho) will no Njliper lie W; i t-. T ;i . ,i ,., mv, ilK 14 DI'CB- siiuiully tho C118B now. Look to the hearth li.ni, the school next, the prison Inst ! CENSUS OF GREAT BRITAIN. Tlio reader will find in MienrU'cle annexed, from the Now York Courier, nioro mailer fur thoughtful consid eration than is often pressed in the sumo number of lines : An abstract of'tho flritiith Census Ifottirns for 1851, recently published in London, and just reissued in our country by Mr. .lohn Wiley, presents tunny facts of vartuu interest nnd instructive application. ThnpopnlaMon of fireat Uri tain, comprising Knglaud, Scotland, Wales, nnd tlm aifj iceiit i!e, togeiher with the Army and Navy, is Hinted at 1 ,007. To assist the miiul in forming n correct conception of ibis mass of population, wo aro farni-died with somo pertinent illusiraitons, treating them numbers in their relation to space. It is usiimated thai 18 10 persons may stand, without crowding, upon the -IS 10 hqiiare yard in nn acre. .fiOd persons would, ihend'ore, cover aim sipiaro mile, (Ii 10 ncros) mid tho whole population of CJreat Hri'nio, nMho snrno rnt't, would only fill seven squire miles id territory. Again the building of iho firoat Exhibition in London oiiclosed IS acres, ami was vi-ited nil Some days by more than 100.0110 persons ; 011 tlio Kill nt October. fKl.SitM people lidi-d its II iors and galleries, mi l could almost be Keen at torn plance. Tho population of loom itritn hi excet tisi 1 hmnirou thousands, ami nt tlio rate of 11)0,001) per day, would liavn been occupied "1 1 days in parsing through tho building. In 1 80 J the p ipuit'limi amounted, in round numhen, to III!) hundred tho'iftnmU, nml could Have pnued through a similar building in III!) days; com-rquenlly lOJdays id'nichn living stroin, r presenrs iho iucrenaoof iho Uritish people during the present century. A IV w iu' ls aro quoted 10 provo tho infliu nce exer cined by not in I rcstrnitils upon niatriimniy, in check ing iho mil oral increase of populnlinu. Thus, in the Saithoasiern il 1 v t h i r 1 of Kogltnd, comprising Surry, Keui, Skm-x, Hants and Merits, tho number ol women of iho tii'otd JI) and under tho ngo el 'l."), amounted nt tlm last comma to ijlio 'J00 ; id whom Ki!),80i; were wives, and I'JO.-lh:! wcro widows or spinsters; l!f,!)!)7 birlhi were registerml in the same counties during the year 1R,0, or 10 children wem born in Ih.'iO in every bii women living in 18.rl. tlf tho children, 1(1,7(15 were born in wedlock, and were : holt) out or Wedlock. Coilfleipienlly, 'Mi wives bore! in tho yenr 10 children, and of If'lfi unmarried women ! of the' samo nr;o, ten also gave hirlh to children. A ch uif.'e in tlm m driinoiiial condition nf a Inrpn proper lion id' Mm l'JO, !(): unmarried women out 'JilO.'O'J wo-1 men nt Mm child b"aring ago, would h ive mi iniruedi-ale elici t upon Ihoiuc easeoi pupiilutin. r.inigriilioii. which trniiilcrn Ihe laboring ma.-cslrom Ihe crowded purlieus nt' commercial and iniitiufiicturing rili s to the Ihiuly inlmlitird iaiuU if nu tigriciltund region, does havo this i-tl' ct. Tfie gronti r efine with which Mm lii-cessatirs of I1I0 are nctjuiied, nml the conipara-lie absence of social jealousies atid aspiration renders mairimony nioro utiivornnl in agricultural communities, and is 0110 great cause for Ihe more rapid in-crease of population in the (Jmicd S'ateH as compart d wiih(p-ui Hnlaiii and other densely inlnhiicd countries of Korope, Tho cheriilicd principlo id separation and domestic r'irement, no Mioiigly engrailed on tho Ktigliilil character, U nhown by Ihe largo proportion of li -iines I to tmndicR. In denstdy populnti d London, it IHM.I Micro were bandy eibt persons to a limine, whiln in tho department of the Seine, (1'aris.) in K ranee, lln-ro ' were on an average, in 18 to. twenty twn persons to a house. Tho liiigliill divide their edifices perpendicularly l .to Iioiim'h, while tho Kreuch divide Mietn horionially into floors. Throughout all (treat Itritniu there are o.7 persons lo each inhabited liomie, or 1 00 li'iiisi s for every .'i7D jiers 111. lo cider lo throw some lih'. upon the cnnslitunnt parts nl lamiiici.the, Report givcsllm anal), d returns ol fourteen sub dMric' in dilb-rHit parts ot the king ihirn. Of Ii7 DO!) families, II !Mii heads k-f families wero hudmiitls and wives, lit were widows or widowers, and !! 3.10 bachelors or spinsters ; in fmir hundred 11ml forty cases tlm head nf the family was absent troin home. :io 7I!( lioads of families, nr more than half, hud children living with Moiu ; 7 37.r, or iiemly a tenth, had rervnn's; 1,070, or a H-venteenth. had visitors with thou ; 8 .01 't hmi relatives wilh them; and 1,0 .M) hail upprenMces or nsUtants in their r-spectivn tiatb-s. Of' iho (i.COil f'nindies, only H .".fi:t, or .1.2 per rent, consisted uf IhisImu il, wife, children and servants, ueiiernlly cin-hhoed tho requisites of domerttji- lelicity, whilst 4.871 rotisit d nf mnn, wife mid seivnnls, Tlm bends in 21 ISO instances hud tieiiher chiitlren, relatives, visitors, imr servants ( l,:t:m lamiiies, or occupiers, were eitnnr haclielois nr spinsters. The nvenigo nunMicr of children nt home in fiinihes does not exceed two. Theno nm hut a few of a vast number of combinations given in Mm Onsiia ll-port. The comparative ditriboiion of , pnlntion in lite cilie, inwiii nml country, nfl'nrds another fruitful field of inquiry Orcat HrMain contained 111 IH.'it, tfvtnty towns of 20,000 inhabitants and upwards, amounting in tho aggregate to 'A I per cent of the euiiio population nl the country; wlmrcns Ml IS'Jl, the population of such towns amounted only to 23 per cent of the enumerated populnlien. thus slmwinp in a marked degree tho increasing tendency of the penpio to ct nreinrme nmmseives in masses. l,ontlou xtends over nn aren nl 7H.0-J0 acres, nr 122 sntmre miles, and tho uumlmr of Us inhabitants rapidly increasing, was 2,ihl2. 21 til on the flay of tho Inst census. Wo liml by examining iho IhMled Sl'ites Uensus Itn-1 turns hr lM.riO, recently published tinder the super-! visum of I'rob ssor Ie Mow. lhat ihero were in eigh- i teen hundred nnd lilty, but 28 tow ns in this country, remaining 20,000 inhabitant or upward, nml Mint the iiL''rei.'aie population id these towns nmoUtiled only to 2 1120 being but one tenth id tlm population o ihe Tinted Stales, from the closing portion ol the Census Itep.irt we extract a few observations concerning Mm iidbieitre td this inert-need demiry of population upon the material, political and social condition of tho people. "One nf iho irmrnl etT'ets of tho increase of Mm people ii nn increase, of their mental in tlvily, as Mm iifi'reroition in towns brings ihem oflenor into nimbi D illon at d collision." "At Mm nms time, that 'ho population of thi towns nnd of Iho country have hrcoiim so equally balanced in mimhornvi millions and a half urninst fen million and a hafflho union between tlieni hns become, by the circumstances that havo li d to tho i limine ol Mm towns, im re inlimriiethan it was before ; (or lliey mtm now connected together by innumerable relationships, as wi Ii ns by the associations nf trade. It will be seen in thn final, publication that a large proportion of the population iu ihn rnnrket towns, the tlm country towns, tho mamifiicturing towns, and the metropolis, wns boin in the country ; and that in England, town atal country nro bound togeiher, not only by tlio ihlercoiiro nf commerce nnd tho interchange of inlrlliiei ce. but by a Ihomand lira of blend nud nlhVtieti ' " 1 is mm f Mioohvi..ui ph)al effects of tlm in- f ; "pul.iien Mill tlm proportion of land lo each petnoii diminishes ; and the net reusn is such. that within tho last fifty years Iho number of acres to rarh person living, hns laileu Imin it 4 to 2.7 acres in (treat Hritain from four to ire acres in England and Wales. As n countervailing ntiviinlape, the people have been hmu.Jit into each others neighborhood their aver iL'o di anre from each oilier his been re- duceil in the ra'to ot i to 2; luhnr has hcen divided ; industry has been organized iutown; nnd Mm quantity of produce, either Consisting nf, nr exchangeable (or, tho conveniences, elegancies, and tmcesniies of life, hm, in Mm inns, lnrgt ly increased, and is incrensiag nl a more rapid rato than Mm population " riooTlit.ACK in a Fix A domeslio, newly engaged, presented to his master ono morning, n pair - f boots, the b-g of one nf which was much longer (ban ihe other. ' How comes il, you rascal, thai theio boots are not of the lime leng'h. " I really don't know, sir, but what bothers me the moal is lhat tlm pair down stairs are in the samo fix. ' .fenny,' m;d a landlady, tho oilier morning tn In r help,' 'was iIpto any lire in tlm kitchen hist night while voU were selling up V 1 es, inarm, said Jenny, ' there wns a spark there w hen I went down, and 1 soon lanncti it into a name. 'Ihe landlady looked auspiciously at Jenny, but she, innocent girl, went on scruouing ana humming ' haty uarnni. THE WAR UPON RAILROADS. As we iniiin ited some time since, the Railroad bill now before the Legislature hai features that will at tract, very general attention Its strange, and remarkable provisions have alarmed mauy of the conservative, reasonable and rift 'cling miudi in the ranks nf the party in power. They begin to see whither lliey aro tending, and where they must inevitably land if they continue to bn guided by the class of men who now have the control ol Ihe destinies of the State. Perhaps we shall not be hoeiled, but we say to the business men of Ohio, the friends of Railroads nnd of true progress, the friends of manufactures and substantial de velopment, that the time has come for them to speak out, and take their stand. A great and solemn responsibility rests upon them, and they cannot evade it. We havo read with gratification a review nf this Railrnnd hill, in the Dayton Empire, the organ of "Democracy" iu tho Miami Valley. It is so much to tho point and comes homo so opportunely to the consciences uf legislators, that we have felt it our duty to copy Mm conclusion of tho nrticlo. After mentioning the good features of iho bill, all of which, the editor says, are incorporated in taws now iu force, aud after showing up tho absurdity of the clauso which will compel companies to soil their, lands, the writer quotes and comments aa follows: , , ' Sec. 8. No president, director or other oiTtcer or n.'ontof ny raijroa'lmmpjiBy, JHt dirtcilj' or bidi reedy, purchase any hind, either iu fee or otherwise, or h'Tome interested therein, during the time they hold such oflico ; or for a poriod of ono year thereaf ter, ulctig (he lino or nt either end of such; and that if any such purchase is made, all contracts or deeds of con voyance made iu pursuance thereof, shall bo deemed and hold null and void. This section is personal throughout. It seems in tended to hit some one or nioro persons not altogether friendly to the Cramers of tho bill. It is very questionable, indeed, whether it is in such language, that if pnsscd by the Legislature, it would not bo held by the courts as a mere nullity, Tho days aro passed, it is in be hoped, when tho people nro to be taxed for such legislation. That it is in conflict with the organ ic law id Mm Stale, may bo seen in 1lie following oXe iract irom tho lull ot rights : Sec. 1. All men are, bv nam re, free nnd imlenen' dent, nnd havo certain inuhenahle lights, among which are t'Miio of enjoying and defending life and liberly, acqnmnft, potncmits?, and protecttnr property, ami sock tug and ohlatnmg happiness ami snlely. Would it bo any morn iincoustiiutional to passu law by which Mm mayor of n city should bo barred from purchasing real eMato wilhin the corporate limits of urn city ni winch im is tlio executivo officer, during tho limn for which ho is elected, or wilhin one year tlmrenfierT Docs not this section, if passed, become a retroactive taw f It certainly impairs tho obligation of con tracts, in iiioconsiiiuiion, wo nml in Sec, 2j. Tho General Assembly shal1 havo no power Id pass re'roaclivo Inws, or I met impairing the obli gathn of contracts, tfce. Aside from tho legal quostion, tho doctrine of the proposed section ts not only unjust, because it allows iho nrivilepo of purchasing property to one person and not in ntmiher, but it is as despotic in its tendency, ns the leiidal laws ol vassalage and villiennge, 1 no tenth and twelfth sections provide that no railroad proident, director, or other olltcer or agent the roof, "shall koep, or bo interested in any wniehouse, storehouse, or ho eilhor directly nr indtrecily engngeil in any commission or forwarding business along iho lino nr at either end nf said rnilroml, or koep or bo interested in any bote), tavern, eating house, or other place of entertain meat, within tlm limits nf nny city or incorporated village along ihe line, or nt oithor end of said road, or bo interested or engaged in tho bunim-is of milling, milling, coul or ore, or iu any other business, ulong the lino or nt either end of said road, which in its ordinary and proper management require the uso of said rail road, lis cars or other machinery 1 nor Hull lliey tie intcroaied iu any steiimbont or oilier water craft navigating nny id tlio canals or navigable waters of this Stale." These lections nto of a strictly personal nature, not reU ting lo tho restriction or regulation nf a company, hut they aim at nn ohiidgement of personal tights, which, if carried into etioct, would destroy these Held heretofore considered inalienable It is the first lejidniive attempt over made in this State to pla :o arbitrary and despotic laws atl'ecting tho rights of peraons upon our statute book. Tho same unwise policy is manifested throughout tlm bill wherever the rights or interests of individuals nro concerned ; as a further iiiHiauce : Tho loth section provides for the manner of voting the sh nros ol stock. Each sharo in count one vote until twenty shares are voted, nml then all owi ed by 0110 person above lhat number, shall havo but ono vote lor every tivo shares. This is a death blow in railroad enterprise in this State. It is a well settled fact lhat every person hnv ing capital to invest in busine-s, nsa matter of course wuhos lo have tho control of it. Unless ho could coiiind hi management, it would not loavnhis cullers except 011 very ruru occasions. There is not nsingle precedent forthisurtjiist provision iu all ihe laws regulating Mm atl'riirs ul railroad companies in the various States of the Union. Tlio principle involved iaanti-acmoerattc, becatiselhe riht ot representation is not iu proportion to taxation. As an instanco: An accident occurs by which a company becomes It.ibio in damages to the amount id half a million of dollars They cannot pay il. An aitscs-ment is made on the stock lo supply iho deti ciency. Mr. Crawford, who owns 100 shares, is tnx ed $.'i00. Mr. Ilohiusoti owns 20 shares; is taxed flOO j yet Mr. Crnwhrd hns but thirty-six votes, to Mr. ItuhiiiHoii's twenty votes, whi'o nt tho same timo, he is taxed fire limes as much ns Robinson. I ho priiicinlo involved wns quite as odious to the Ameiicati people in 1770, ns it is at the present day. It is lo be deplored that tin advocate uf such n doctrine enn be found 111 the h-giMalKO halls nf tho third State ol the (,'nion in population and wealth, and second to none ill priMtierMV. Ono of the en at levers to its progress, has been, and is, die lailrotul Miterpi ise ; by means nf which lands have l uc rented in value, towns aud cities have In built willi nstotiisliiug rnpidily, ami tho people from every quarter of iho rni.m nro luitirectly mnde tocon tubuto inwards ihe support of oar State Government. Tho revenuoderived by tho Slate from rnilroadsdii. riii;; ihe nisi year amounted in nearly $'2 10, 0U0, with. nut which h-T cititens would havo had an increased taxation to make tin that amount. At the same limn, Mm public works of the State, which cost about fJ0, 000. OHO, have paid only nl t (40,000. If railroads are let ahne, and nre poi milted to exist under the gen j era! law now in force, in lo yenrs' time, the revenue derived from them, will pay the interest on the public ilclit Tho now constitution, with iho individual liability and repeal rlaiisos, will undoubtedly prevent an excess ol railroads in this State. It ouphi to bn the policy. (hen, nl our legislators, lo protect iho right of inch ns nro now in operation, or building under the charters gi allied before, its adoption, in order Unit we may keep peace with our sister S'n'es Michigan, Indiana and Illinois. Yet, nt the samo time, Mm rights of M10 cit-! izeiis should he, and are protected irom injury in per son or properly by means of railroad companies. It tho hill as introduced, becomes n law, wo have evory reuion lo fear thn deslnic'ton and bankruptcy of nearly evory railroad company in tho Stale. fiATi-nr.n with Tim Rait, Lawyers frequently Mihji-d persons wdio oll-r themselves fur bail to unne cessary badgering. A cna of this kind occurred in t.m Superior Court, iNiumhct, New York, not long ago. Old Mr. Jacob Abrams, a man wot Mi a quarter of a million of money, ottered himieli hail lor a Jew fur dealer, who had boen nrresled Hnd'T the SMIwell act. The amount of bail required was $l,.M)0. Counsel "What does your property con sit t of, Mr. Ahranisl" AhrnuiB "Sir, I nm wilting lo swenr that I nm worth more than $Lrii0, "v,,p "hove nil. I think his honor. Mm Judge, will tell you Mint this Issiillicient wiihout going into particulars." Colin. ol "No, sir, it is not su 111 n 'rent. Wo have a right to know what ibis properly is." Abrams "Very well, sir; I'vo got ymir own bond and mortcapo on the homo yon live in, for eight thou sand dollnis, and I consider it worth full the amount of the bail.' ( Much laughter, ill which Mm counsel joined.) C 'lititel " We do not vill to ak Ally more question. Mr. Ahrann." (To tho Jndpo ) This is a (rue incident. Mr Abrams hid just tn- ken the bond and mortgage from nu insurance rompi ny, who wanted Mm cash lor it. Downfall or tiu " I'im.ah nv Peack." Upon one nf Urn highest clitl's which form the dividing lion between Lancashire and YorksiiTe, and whieh constitute at that point the " hack bono ol England," there was erected in the year IMH-l.'i.a toll and mnnivo column ol rock, commemorative of the joy width tho inhabi tants nf thoso wild districts felt at Iho abdication of Napoleon a suggestive memorial of the blessings which peace had nt last brought to ihe two countries which it separaied. A largo number of persons sub scribed to the cost of il erection, nnd it was culled the "Pillar of I'ence." A few weeks since, however, as we learn from thn London 2'i'mrs, tho people nf Latin field worn alarmed by a loud poisu, ns of n peal of ,l. n !it .': n the heaven ; ami U;ti looking towards too summit, limy found Ihnt their old landmark lay in ruins anoin us nase. An ominous incident I Fist Ann Last Dtirt.. The first duel wns fought in Illinois in 1820, with rifles, between Alphomo Stewart nnu u 1111 on iienneii, ntowarl wns killed, Tor whicn Bennett was tried, convicted and buns'. This seems 10 have ended dueling in ihnt Stnlo. Why not try the experiment elsewhere f The man who ' held out en inducement' tins hd a I sore arm ever since. A SLIGHT DISCREPANCY- . We copied a few days ago from the Annual Report or win. U. Morgan, Auditor ol Btate, the recommendation of that functionary 00 the subject of hank taxa tion. He proposed to the Legislature that the latter should pass laws for the following purposes : 1. To dissolve all writs of injunction by which the collection of tuxes from banks has been prevented, and to prohibit the allowauceuf injunctions for that purpose hereafter. 2. To dismissal! suits now pending in any of the Courts of Ohio, the plaintiff in which nro bank refusing to pay tho amount of taxes assessed against them ; and lo take from such banks Iho right to bring or maintain suits fur any purpose until tho taxes claimed have been pitd. 2. To authorize tho appointment by the Governor, of Special CommUiinnnrs, to enforce the collection of taxes irom banks, in spite ol ony order to the contra, ry which has been or may be mnde by the Supreme Court of ihe United States. The Auditor seemed to entertain a very decided suspicion that the passage of laws in accordance with nis recommendations, would result in driving out ot the State a great deal of capital now employed in it-It did not occur to him, however, tb.it this reHult could be prevented ; much less that its evils could be reached and remedied by legislation. Accordingly he says: No individual is required lo keep either himself or his property within the territorial jurisdiction of Ohio. If he prefers a residence elsewhere, no law prevents him from seeking it. Hut If he voluntarily sonds his property into Ohio tor the purposn of procuring fur id a Sato and p mo ruble Investment, it is but reasonable the Stato which throws around it the protection of her civil and criminal laws, shall havo tho right of prescribing tho rules of its taxation. This, it seems, was a concession beyond what (ho Legislature is willing to endorse. The Slate Democrat, ono of ihe Democratic! organs nt Columbus now, nud the ono apparently must in fav r, holds the following language in its issue of the 12th inst. : 1 ho Nnauco Uonimittoe a very industrious and business like committee by the way has promptly reported back tho Tux Hill, wilh some thirty odd amendments, which were severally agreed to by tho House. The moat important of these, requires the listing 01 mnnnys invented rty residents ul (hid Mtato in other States. II v this timely and wholesome provision. a very considerable amount invested in the wild cat bunking "institutions" of several Western States will be reached. The omission to tax lids class of capilal would bo a glaring fraud upon Ihe holiest lax payers of Ohio. Now observe how tho party bis progressed since the dnbi of the Auditor's Report. That document concedes that no individual is required to keep his properly within (Itu territorial jurisdiction of Ohio a concession which would mimd foolish, except lhat it was meant to imply that by removing property out of (ho Stato its owners would escape tho luxation complained of. Tip Auditor intended to say to those who do not like Locofocti taxation, "Gentlemen, if you keep yourcnpital in Ohm, making profit on it, and receiv ing lor it ihe protection ot our laws, you must pay such luxe on it a we please lo assess. If vu don't feel disputed to pay tlm taxes, you have a perfect right to lake your money out ot iho otato and mvest it where the rules nnd rates of taxation suit you better. Choose for yourselves between letting it remain nnd paying thn taxes, or Inking it out of the State and avoiding them." Rut no ; this don't exactly suit thn "business liko committee" who have iho euro of financial que, tious in the House; it don't suit the House iiself ; nnd the law is to be so mo tided ns in etiect tn deny any citizen of Ohio the right to invest his money in any other Slate. If this State taxes the money of i's citizens invested in ony other States, those investments must of course be abandoned and the money he brought home ; for it is not probable lhat any man could long survive under Mm plucking of taxation in twodill-Tent State on the samo property at ono and Mm some iiiim. Wo hope this Legislation will go ahead in tho di rection it has started. Oppression and wrong have to get so nau that they can got no worse, and tnen they will speedily, cure themselves. Lit no one commit' the folly of retarding or tryiug lo retard Iho process. Dayton Gazette. CP Wo very cheerfully onfor11 to suggestion from our friend, E1.11111 Bukritt, "the learned black smith," by giving place to the following: Oct am 1'xif nt I'ostaok. Our government- ha achieved the fi'ststop in (his important object, and 0 long step, too, for it it embraces half tho circumference of Mm globe that is to say, n penny postage has been established between this country and Australia- We learn tins interesting tact irom ihe lot lowing announcement which wo have received from Ihe I'nstmniter General for publication 1 Rkaular Monthly Mail brtwicn New York and AuiTRAt.11 direct. Single rate of postage, jive cents pre paid. The Postmaster General Ins made an arrange ment wiiti the proprietors o ihe Australia " rioneer Line of Monthly Packets " to convey the m:itl regular-1 ly between New York nnd Austialia, by sailing ships monthly in each direction. It is expected lhat the first mail undor this arrangement will be dispatched from New York on the 2.7 ib of April. Tho single rate of postage, for letters iu five cents; for pamphlets nnd magazines, one cent an ounce or fraction of an ounce; for Dnwspnpers two cents each, prepayment required. Tho incoming mails, a the United States; postsgo thereon cannot ho pre-paid, will be treated as ordinary private ship mails. The above successful s'ep is the first fruit of a g'n oral authority wisely given by ihe President lo iho 1 osimaster lieneral to enter into sum arrangements for cheap ocnnn postage, nnd by iho latter Ins boen promptly and most happily carried out wilh perhaps tho most distant repiunon the globe with which our people havo any considerable correspondence, liie migratory habits of the ago impart lo cheap oce.m and international postage an importance immeasurably greater now than it would ii ivo boen a hundred or even fifty years apo; and we cannot deiibt lhat an object so beneficent will seoti overcome all existing obstacles to its universal extension. Wo think that our government, and especially our Posinl Depart" mi nt, deserves credit for its endeavors to carry forward iho good work. National Intelligencer . Nkw and I'owciircr. Morn? or Ai-pi.tiso tiis HtiAKKB. A few days auo, a targe number nf gentlemen assembled at tho depot of tho Boston and Wor ceiter railroad, for thn purpose nf witnessing exper iments with a new mil car brake operator, which is ttins described. Tho impoveiimiit consists in ihn application of a pow erf'il spring to the work of turning thn brakes instead of by hnud aa heretofore. The spring is contained in a squara box at Iho top nf the car, from which a shaft runs down and connects with tho brake be neath the car. A wire chain ruus along the top of nil Hit cars, and connects wilh every hox, 10 that the engineer, by pulling tho end of the wire, enn remove the check Irom every spring at the anno instant, allowing the springs In operate and stop iho train. Tho springs have lo be wound up wilh a few tin ns of a lever nefore every operation, but this is but (he work of a moment. At a given signal, while a train, cnnsiiiing of five cars, was going nt tho rale of ihirty-tive miles nn hour, ihn engineer, it is said, sounded his whistle aud put on the brake, which, nccordtug to tho watches of several gentlemen, completely stopped the train in eight or nine seconds from tho time tho signal was. given, nml helore ihe train had gone over eight foet morn than its length. Another ex per intent wns tried, In win h tho re r cir wis suddenly disconnected from the train bv raising tho counlintr nnd inclosing Mm wire above. The brnkeman on the last car set tho spring in motion, and stopped the car so suddenly ns slinosi 10 throw otV several operators who were standing on its ptallorrn, while tho lrniti paiied ahead. The wire chain is coupled b tween t.very car, but if a car should accidentally break loose from tho rear, tho jerk upon ihe wire would operate the brakes wiihout further intervention, and stop all the cars. A BKAonruL iNciPKftr. A naval officer being at sea iu a dreadful storm, bis wife was silling in llm cabin nenr him, and tilled with alarm for the safety of tho vend, wns so surprised nt his compomre and serenity, (hat she cried out, " My dear are you not afraid ! How is it possible yon are so calm in inch a dreadful storm. He rose from his chair, drew his sword and pointed it at the breast of his wife, and exclaimed 'Aroyoti not afraid T' Sim instantly answered " No." " Why T" ' Because, rejoined M10 wife, " I know this sword Is in the hand ol my husband and he loves mo too well to hurt mo.' ' Then,' said Im, remember I know in whom be lieve, and be who holds Mm winds in his tit, and Ihe water in (ho hollow of his hiind is my lather. tn the F.nglUh Notun of Commons, Mr. II. Drum-mnnd alluded lo Prussia ns " Mint faithless country which hntl ever deserted us in our hour of need, and which, ever since it was a kingdom, had deserted every power Mint supported it (hear) that had always gone over (0 Ihe strongest and taken ail vantage of iho weak in their hour of greatest weakness a country ihnt hnd been called a nation of philosophers andschoolmmlers, whose roligion was a sort of m-nl ogy that turned everything sacred into a lie which had nn morality eirept that uf despising the insiitu Mnn of mnrriage, (a laugh,) so that they had rend of a man phiying a rubber of whist at Berlin with three ladies, each ul wnoin nail uuce (lie hnppinuss ol be nghit wile. (Laughter.) The Steam Marine of England is a sublime feature in (he greatness and power uf a Nation. She has 250 ( he an Steamers, each one of which is capable nf trans purling from 5ii0 lo 1,000 Troops lo any point connec ted wiui mo present irmntre 01 v ar, in ton days. A traveler asked Bod Tipple if he had ever been round tho horn. "Nn. sir." replied Ihe innocent Bod. "I never goes around the horn, 1 ain't ashamed to lake it, no matter who s by." l)c(Ol)o State Journal COLUMBUS: TUESDAY MOIINING, APRIL 25, m "ZANE'SRACE." Once upon a time and that wilhin the memory of men now living the territory now embracing the States of Ohio, Iudiina, Michigan, Illinois, nnd regions adjicont, was an almost unbroken wilderness there being but feoble settlements of whiles at Marietta) Detroit, Vincennes, and possibly a few other isolated points upon the border, aud remote from each other. Lurd Ounmore, the colonial Governor of Virginia, had penetrated this wilderness with an army, ns far as to " Camp Charlotte," six miles south-easterly fmm the present city of Circleville, and there dictated the terms of peace with the savage Iribi s. It was to tlm council which iiiada ihis treaty that I.ohan. 1 lie "friend i white men," and celebrated Mingo chief, was invited. nnd refused to be present though, "lor his country he rejuicid at the beauii of peace." From that lime we may date the " destiny " of tho race of white men to bo the possessors of this vast region ; and their march lias been constantly onward at a rapid pace. There were then no roads pnetiating the interior; and Dun. moh snrmy returned by the same route it came via Iho tails ol ilockhockiiig, and thence to K tin who, Some year suhsuipieutly to tho date of Duukork's treaty, the necessity for sJiim menus to penetrate the interior became not merely apparent but indispensable. So urgent was this necessity, lint ihe government con traded with Mr. Noaii Znx to give him his choice of three sections of land not forconstructing a road, but U mark a trace through the wilderness, from the Ohio River nt Wheeling, lo The Old Town (or Chillicothe,) on the Scioto, near where the cily of that name now stands. Mr. Zank having secured some ex pert ludians hi guides, proceeded to mark his "trace," by "blazing" the trees in the f ireel which was iho guide for future travelers, am! w is for m my ;er Iho main thorough, fare of travel through lhat portion uf tho country, oven after llm organiziM-m of ihn Slate government. "Zone's Trace" was beyond doubt Ihe first groat work of public improvement within the binders of the present proud State of Ohio nnd ns the pmneor work, its importance can hardly bo over estimated. Mr. Zank selected one of hi 1 sections of land nenr Wheeling, where his do- scenilau's now reside ; another nt iho crossing of the MiiHkinguin River, the she of the city of Zancvo, whnuceisderivedtho mine ; and thothird, at tho point where his "trace" crossed ihn ilockhockiiig on which Ihe beautiful town of Lum isler issituated. Time and experience ubundantly vindicato tl o wisdom of these selections. Though portions of "Z ine's Trace" have been obliterated and lost by iiou-user, and other p irlions have been gtiporscd-'d by more modern and direct thoroughfares, yet there are portions still in use. Tho Zmesvillo nud Miysvillo Turnpike from tlm Muskingum to Chillicothe, does nut tlep irt very widely in its location from " Ziim's Trie." I Every traveler who mido hi- adventurous journey) through tho wilderness, guided by this "Trace, returned but to inspire new adventures by his glowing descriptions of the bnatiiy and fertility of the country. Such was Ohio, in the pmseision of jti primitive Lords. The whitu man, impelled by " destiny, nnd lured by the prospect of so goodly nn heritage, trenched upon tho hunting-grounds of tho aboriginal noblemen, and frequent nnd sanguinary conflicts were the result. Tho aces were arrayed in perpetual guerrilla warfare, each raco goaded to desperation. Tho one, stimulated by a thirst for" empire, and extended rule;' the other, defendtug their hearth storms, and the groves of (heir fathers. Victory coquetted wilh thecambatanls giving alternate hops and despondency to each. By degrees, however, iho white man pushed his frontier farther, aud farther, Into the wilderness ; and treaties were mnde, nnd concessions grunted to his demands, conducted successively by Col. l)uni"KT, on the Mus-, kiogum; by Lord Dunmork, at Camp Charlotte; and Tiy Gen. Wat we, at Greenville. From tho date of the I latter, Indian Sovereignty aiuljunsdiction has died out, leaving tho country (o the undisputed poiieision of the " Anglo Sixoti " destiny -man. A peiceable posiessionol the country being thus con quered, a scarcely less formidable task remaiued namely, the subduing Ibis vast wildernest, and trans forming it to the uses of civiltzntion. Tho wisdom of the men of tlmtiUy recognized two elements as indis. peti'ahle to this undertaking, both of which wore to be introduced from abroad; they wero population and money. And from tho first settlement at Marietta, down lo the advent of cofocoiim in our Slate, it was our policy to encourage, by all proper means, the in troniiision of both. So long as this policy was wisely ami prudently followed, our Stato continued to advance iu its march of prosperity and aggrondizemeut. But at length there arose among us a race of statesmen t "who knew not Joseph ;" whose distinguishing merit consisted having no capital, moral or financial, of their own in waging fierce warfare upon those who in this respect differed from themselves. It was to thrm a pretty safe warfare; fur, having nothing which could be put to hazard, limy were quite comfortably secure against loss. 8'ich wore your NcNultts, your Btisotdns, your Epson B's, and others of (hat ilk, to whose bands, in an evil hour, (he destinies of (his Stale were committed. Tho effects nre upon uif and who shall deliver us from the body of this Locofoco corpse? Goon Pkopi.k of Ohio! y are in the teihUrness of Loeofacoism! For more lhan four years past you have been wandering in Mie devious paths of unfaithful and deceptive guides. During ibis lime, you have been nmnied with any amount of cock erowiug; hut, instead of being the hirbinger of a hotter day, it does but remind you of theovor-confidnnce and iufide ity of your political Peters, who hsve been ever aud anon curs ing, and swearing, and denying with au oath your (rue interests, Could you but light upon some faith ful AW4 Zane, who would mark a "trace" to guide you from the labyrinth of error nnd folly by which you have suffered yourselves to be entoiled, be would de serve to be rewarded, not by sections merely, but by whole townships and rtngrs. INCREASED BATES OF POSTAGE. The committee on Postoffices and Poitsfisds, has reported a bill to the House of Representatives which nholidie Mm present rates of pmtage.and restores the old rains of tivo and ten cents. We have not much apprehension Ihnt Ihis measure will receive the approbation of Congress, for the reason that every man aud woman of the country is furnished wilh ample reason against it, and so very little enn bo said in its favor. Tho only apology assigned for th:s "taxon human af fections" is, (hat iho Postollice Depariaieut docs not support itself ! What department of tho government, we ask, does " support itself" T Why should iho Poll office Department be required to "support ltelf," while evory otlmr department is sustaiue I hy the annual appropriation nf millions id dollars t But is it really true llmt the Posloflice Department does not support itself! Wo mint be permiiled lo doubt on Ibis point. Ami if il be really the ltct, ii only goes to show that the biisineit is not so well managed by iho government as it might be, if left to individual en terpriio. We venturo to say that if Iho government would abandon the carrying of the mails In private enterprise, the service might ami would be performed wiihgreab r celerity lhan at present, w ithout increase of rates, uu 1 with ample responaibility foe nil failures. II 'Ay then talk abnnt putting additional burdens upon this Depart mtnti The people will haven word to iny to those nt their Representatives who shnll fiver such a men-ore! If the Postollice Department d is rmt support lUelf, It is because it is envt upon the sea with morn than millstone burdens, in iho sbipn of msmmodi svam-hlp con trncts, fastened to its neck. Tho government piys half a million a year, on nc count of Iho "froo mnttrr" Il sends through the mails, A large per centnge of this "free matter " is worthless trash, which, If subjected to half Iho ordinary rates of postngo, would never encumber the mails, if il Is reilly necessary to relieve the Post Ollloe Department, let the first meaiure pctiik n i.iTin or the franking rnivil.roiL'. Then cut nil me enormous oralis npnn the Department lo sustain monopolies. And then we have still oihor measures to suggest bef. ro wo will be will- inn eve to consider the quosil m nf an Increase of the rales of pottage. ty Somebody tried hard to make the south ridiculous by moving to expel the reporter of ihe New York Tribune from the Southern Convention at Charleston . That body showed good nense by refusing lo entertain I the proposition. RU8BIA FINLAND THE ISLAND OP ALAND THE NORTHERN GIBRALTAR The loriimldeclar it ion of war against fdii'ia by England aud France, wiih llm certainty that the immense resources of thoo powerful slates will bo called into pluy upon the thenre of conflict, render exceedingly interesting every movement of those powers and ev ery field of (heir action. We prop 010 to follow up (heir muvemnnta with such data as will enable the generul reader to appreciate the changing position aud force of the combatants and the phases of tho struggle. Tho declaration of warpromulged March 28tb, found SirCHARi.ei 'irisa at Kiel, in tho province of Sles-wick, Dkmmark. The bay of Kiel is small, about seven miles in lengih, and protected by the small fortress of Freilericksort at its mouth. It is conveniently accessible from tho Great Bcli, through which channel, the-hoavy ships of (he English squadron nindo their entrance lo tho Bailie, and was made tlm rendezvous of the several divisions of the squadron. Upon receipt of despntclios from Berlin, Sir Ciurlki Naiukr sailed eaitwurd ; and the reported object of this first oxpedb tion id the occupation of Aland, nearly opposite the mouth of Ihe Gulf Finland. This is tho principal island of (he group called tho Aland Idles, situated in the Gull of Bothnia. Eighty of ihem are inhubited. having an aggregate population of snine 1 5.0(10 inhnh limns, who subsist by funlmmtry, fihtu,r, fowling hunting wild animals, &c. Tho principal island is fortified utid contains a Russian depot of somo value. These islands comprise a part of the Graud Duchy of Finland, and by ihe treuty of September 17, 1809 concluded at Frederickslmm, woro ceded to KusBia, They lie nut far distant from ihe entrance to the bar bur of Stockholm, and have, therefore, been greatly prized by Ruisiu, as offering a fair basis of operations against the Swedish Capitol. Hence, arise tlio impor tance of their occupation by England, in order to leuvo no enemy behind, and give to the Swedish squadron the entire control of its own waters, Tho continental part of Finland stietches from near St. Petersburg, northward to the Arctic Ocean, is bounded on the west by Norway, Sweden ami the Gulf of Bothnia, und on the south by the Gulf nf Fin- laud. The population is a million and a half. They are not to be confounded with tho aboriginal Finns, so called, who nre inhabitants of Lapland; but have a Swedish origin lead quite an independent life are good seamen nud present a social condition, which like that of the inhabitants of the Hal tic Provinces uf Itussia, much reiembloa that of Germany. The Aland isles before uamed were coded lo Rusiia not many years since ; but in (he period from lt.ri7 to I '93. Finland was cniioaered bv tlm Rwrnlea. In in:tl Swedin surrendered 0 portion, nud apnin hi 1722 nnd ' 1713; white tho residue pasted under the Uussiiun scepter in 1110!), But in the present crisis, omung tho affiirs nt Eu rope, there, are somo interesting features in the position of Finland . We mention : 1st. Her traditional and ancestral recollcc(ioni.-TwQ nro, to a considerable extent, onti Russian, and inclined to tho milder hierarchy of Stockholm. 2d. Her location upon the Swedish frontier. -Even if a. 1 . ... ... 1 1 8wf,l,.n prmervet neutrality o. bHwew. K m... and ilia IV'-.i .... . i..i . .ii the Western lowers, (ho overshadowing iniluenc' of the naval forces of the latter will in ike her subservi ent to Ihem. Moreover, while England and France openly declare that they will retain no conquered territory for themselves, they also hold forth tlio Idea (bat the time has come to limit Rus-sinu power by restoring her modern acquisition lo their ancient owners.3d. The independent character of her people. The : steamer that arrived at Halifax the 14th inst., brings j merous arrests. 4'b. Her maritime andcommereial character. 'Not only are her leading lowns upon both Gulfs places of com mercial business and wealth, but her people fumi-h Ihe best seamen in the empire. Nicholas ha recently sent a largo reinforcement to thn Black Sea fleet from Finland, ami to her people are intrusted the most 1m porlnnt offices In the practical conduct ot the Russian marine. 5th. Her naval position. At Helsingfori, a mnriilmo and commercial city, wilh a p ipulatiun or 10,000, and famous fur its linen And canvass manufactures, its fortifications and docks, is a first cla-s unval station. It is situated at the head of a fine bay, juit beyond Tor- j kald point, and within tho entrance of the Gulf of, Finland, on the north shorn, and is supplied wilh j magazines, arsenals, shops and store 1. Hero are now J lying ready for sea, lb Russian ships of tho line, of j from 74 to 120 guns 18 Irignies, of from I I to R0 onus, and 45 steamers and small sailing vessels. The Grand , Duke Gnnsianline, received this fleet on tho ltlih of March, wilh great pomp; and no labor, ingenuity, or expense, bat been spared to furnish this fleet wiih paixhan guns and other modern machinery fur deitrnc-(ive warfare. The Emperor himself has nlio recently visited the fleet. 1 Near hy, and covering this harbor from a sen attack, is the strong fortress of Svkauoru, known in Europe as the Northern Gibraltar. This fortress, or group nl forts, Is situated upon seven islands, with rocky sides ami fronts, mutually protecting each other, and com pletely covering the bsrbor. Its garrison is supplied from the veteran of the guard, and its works are rase mated, bomb pro f, and susceptible of a thorough victualling for a long siege. The foriificationa of tho city of Helsingf ,rn, within, are also well built and provided with heavy guns. That portion nf the regular army which is assigned to Finland, under Ihe peace esioblishnmni, numbers 10,(100 infantry 10 guns, and 0 baUalltou of Cossack horse. The new contingent will more Ihun double the number. If Sir Charles Napier proposes to pasi HeUlngfori and Svenbnrgonihe noilhern shore and press on to Cronstadt as has been stated first taking Aland and the Odiel isles, (ihe latter on the coast below tho mouth of iheGnif of Finland) for depots, he will leave in his rear no lest lhan IS or 20 heavy lino of battle ships, and (10 frigates, steamers, corvettes and lings uf war. If it was his pnrposo tn strike tho Russian navy in detailthe enrly breaking up nf the Ice and Russian diplomacy has outwitted (be English cabinet. The month of March, which found tho Russisn squadrons locked in four ports, and is oust critical to Russian naval operations, bis pass d and left the Gulf freo from ice. A complete communication list been restored between the Russian divisions, and 8 ships of the line and tiro (hat number of frigates and imiller vesiels have crossed from Rval to reinforce the Holsiugf.ir divisions and find protection under (ho guns id Mint great fortress. Nir-hol is himielf, learning the message of the west. 111 cabinets Imf.ire the arrival of their courier, left liie apitid, ei pressed down in iho coast, o.inceotrated his j sqiisdrons, and occupied tho time in perfecting his preparations fore conflict which he had ingeniously delayed for bis own accommala(iou. Per kr V, Low a ao visit Nkiiraska The Diytoii Empire has a coiumunica'ion Irom P. P. 1iwt, a pro miueiit I.ociifiicoof Mie Miami Valley. Somebody Ins been nominating him for Congress next full, and ho writes in say be it net a candid itn. 11 pitches in t Judge Holt, Vai.i.andiuiiam nud oilier, nnd sasilie old quarrels tif that cotinly aie 110 morn bitter and rampant limn ever. He says Mm Dt timcrary will bo beaten worn Mnn over rest fall, if .here is not ei.lire ' 1 1 if, . 1 l m.., In th. .,k. "OU ,.!,. 1 .1 .Ii., wli;it curat, mil.t ! ti.lt. n nn Hie Nrlirai. I ka bill to sicnrn tbi. harmwy, r i n t n Mni h from hi. letters ! ,. , , ..... ... 1 holli.l portion or t ,. N,.l.m.k i nml kin... Inl j whirl, attru.pt. K. ropral th. M,..ur,0,.li,.r,.ml... ls..,a,l.ti.,l r,, ly in Riv. myreiti.n. now, ,.r at J anyuther limn, for . thinking. Kri'in nil whirl), tho Drmovra'-y of l)iton nml rlv when., can J.uln of Ibe proluhilily nf " entire htrmo ay" in thi'ir rank., W. rail tin. al'mli"!) ..I the Htattina to tin. alarming .Int. nf nll'ira. Will tilt thi. Di'iniH-rary unil. with Mr. I.'.wkI Til. " 8. in. anil D.inht.ra of Vrni.nt" hnhl n Rrnml Family r'o.livnl nl l.nwrll, rri-nntly. N.xe, lln Intiity mnn, waa invitr.!, but lining roiii,.'lli il to ilti ohno Iho itivit.itii.il, arnl in. lollowuu rM : IrrMflat Kamiuta for the pr.Hlit.'tion .il imr Kh'iit alnple., nain-ly t an, teamen, maple ntiir. nnd aoriri. Ttx.nr.1 .rA.trnn,-th. 1..I ar. Il-.'t : Tn" an" .ml ami thiol .rn aritini , aw.! i And all .re uncommonly "h.rl to (ti nt nTHolmr. county haa voleil largely agmmt the proportion to .ubictibe '.,.'.,00(l tn the Atlantic ami Ohio Kail road. ,.,,, , ... . . Which II thn left aide of a plum p.nldingf That which la not ..ton. I rilTIIl-R NEWS I1V THE AMERICA. Humored HesimininMiof Lord Abrrdern Klfflit ol Smirch iiiM-ted on Niipier ordered to commence jlooulitit'H I'rcnitrittioiiM lor r in JliiHsiii The N reek Insurrection Lopez 1'ris-oners i'lirdoiicd. Halifax, April 15 P. M. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Brown & Shipley say that breadstuff are much ex cited, and bad rallied from the extreme depression of ihe previous wuek about 18d on wheat, 5 (id on flour, and 4s on Corn. Wheat and flour closed wilh a good demand. Corn wis quiet. or.NERAL INTELLIGENCE. It is rumored in England that Lord Aberdeen was about to resign, but the Globe contradicts the report. The London papers are lull of procltmations regulating tlm details of Ihe war. The Russian ships from Sobastopol are reported to bo near Perckon, in tho northern part of the Black lea. The combined fleet was still at Beycos. In the English House of Oom nons, tho Attorney General stated lhat Great Britain cannot, and will not. forego tho right to search neutral vessels for articles contraband ol war. I ho bill to double the income tax bad passed (he House of Commons. Tho French Gjverninont bo made a similar announcement to that of tho English Cabinet respecting commerce 01 neutrals; aud also, that it will not at present Issue letter ofmarqtio. The subscription to tho French loan amounts to four hundred end ixty.sref.n .v'ti. -ih, '1 L.linisier nf Marine has add re-sued a circular to tho Chamber of Commerce, highly applauding tho United States for refusing letters of marque. The Russians are abandoning their forts on tho east coast of the Black Sea. Souchumka has been burnt and plundered by the Circassians. It is rumored that the Turks are preparing to attack Solmstopol. Napier's fleot, at last accounts, was again under way with the intention, it wns supposed, to seize iho Island of Akiand. Kioze bay has been mimed a tho rendezvous.The British Minister at Berlin h -d telegraphed Nn-pier of tho declaration of war, wilh instructions to commence hostiliti s. The Russians ore making groat preparations for hostilities. In the Baltic. all the light houses and buoys hove been removed, and formidable fleets of gun bouts collected in shallow waters at the principal points. Preparations have also been made lo block uo intri cate parts of Ihe channel wiih rocks. AU the houses in Cornnindt incanablo of defence nro beina nulled down. Now batteriol nre everywhere erecting. Two hun dred additional gun boats have been ordered. Tho Czar and his son aro personally superintending Ihe preparations. Discontent nrovaiis in Finland. Somo arrests havo been made. A French army of fi.yoiO men will bo in Turkey by tho first of Ma v. It js re nor led tint the British land il'rc. ' wi" ,,u '"-''"l ' tbiny thousand. The first division of tho expuditi.miry force is being rapidly lorwuracu irom .vi iua 10 Unnitaniiuople. Accounts from Greece nro unfavorable. Tlm Turkish Minister hud left Athens. Tlm Greek insurrection waa reviving, but tho Turks hold tlm fortress nnd havo 8,000 troops in Epirus. Envoys are daily expected at Athens, with the final commumU of the English aud French Governments. It is reported that several 110. btes have j lined Mm insurrection. The Dticlmss of I'armi will act as regent during tno minority of her son. Tho assassin of (he Duke has escaped. Tlio Ministry has been dissolved. Baron piM-BiM-u. iut) nifiiisirv hub ueen umsoiveu. nan wrd h b ,,( , it t, , , , .. ...... 1 . J The H men of Spain hns granted an amnesty to nil the prisoners impliRat-.nl in the Lopez Cuban expe. dition. "A certain morning paper" of this city seem impressedalmost oppressed with an idea that it may yet "buy the child a frock," by 0 vigorous warfare upon a man now fifty yoars in his grave! That paper "thinks il siisrpntibln nf nrnnf Mint Mr. ITimiitmh regarded a Public debt and a bank and fuodine svstem ainiiUr lo that of Gr at Briiain, a nrcea-ory lo give strength and stability to G vernmont. He wns for a Government 'bottomed on corruption.' Wo aro willing the editor should ndduco his proof, and establish bis point to bis own satisfaction. We aro not the apologist or defender of Alexander Hah. 1 lton though wo would like the privilege of laying that, presuming to question somo of his views, we have yet Rrwat respect for bis eminent public services and private woilh ; nnd are not quite certain and absolutely sure that ourselves inny hot be in error while differing from him. Wo have understood that he was a valua able officer of (ho army during the entiro war of the Revolution lhat he belonged to General Wasiiinutos'b staff, nnd was bis confidentiit friend. Wo have heard that he was an efficient co laburor wiih James Madi son and Jon a Jat, in advocacy of the adoption of the Comtiltilion of the United States, while that question was yet pending, and the Uonatituimn fiercely assailed in other quarters, anil by able nnd powerful men. We havo henrd that, ou the adoption of that Constitution the First Pretilcnt of tho United States, who possessed some opportunities fir knowing men, selected (bis same Mr. Hamilton for the first place in his cabinet. And wo hnv heard men whom we thought intell'menr, speak in terms of admiration of the abi ity displayed by him in that position. Now, whenever we liml ourselves differing in opin ion with a man id this sort, we hesitate doubt as to our own infallibility and pause for the 11 proof." This is perhaps a weakness of ours, and if so is connate, and cannot bo-overcome. We (rust our " morning neighbor will deal gently wiih this our infirmity ! If he can derivo thrift Irom n warfum tip in the nones of this man, ho has our consent to pursue the cnliing, and divide the profits wilh hyenas wo have no snare in the spoils. We find in a Ntclmz paper a notice of ihe reception of Mr. Fit.i.MOHK on his late visit to lhat city, with n sketch uf his address to Mm ciliena In reply to (ho Mattering ret e pi ion by ihe nutlmriiies. The following beautiful seuiimeiit, fitly ex preyed, is taken fmm tho add rest : ' But n few days before, he had left hit 011 home, where tho crystal ice coveted thn harbor of Lako Erie n foot in thicknexs, ar.d ho had found himself here, suddenly transplanted (on land of bu is and llowers, of green foliage and bcauiiful vegetation. Ttmrhango appeared like a wntulerlul dream. It was difficult to realizu that ho was still in the United Stairs j and when ho looked on the beautiful decorations of nature which Advancing summer w is hourly presenting to his gnzo, and remembered lhat Mm cold blasts of winter were oven now whistling over his own beloved city, ho could only say, "Cursed be Mm fanaiirism that would separate or dismember so vast And to glorious a country ! " And yet this same sunny Souih, through her representatives in Congress, is ptir-uing a course lint, if persevered in and sustained by the people at home, will anurcdly bring down upon their heads the curse invoked. "How is the Fruit I" This question everybody fs asking. Our horticultural adviser says that no'with, standing the Continuous storm Y ihiriy six hours, al-ternniii if snow, hail and rain , w hich lias been tiimn otr leafing and hi essoining favorites; n snow that measured yesterday fair inches, and which, if dry, '" i"t 01 . im iit-b 01- more, ro nap- pily have tlm piemen's been ordered to our benefit, that though tho melting snow Hikes froze upon iho tender leaves rnd twigs, the very pn eess of freezing gave nut warmth lo Ihe tend-r herb and saved Ihn precious buds uf promise. This may appear strange, yet we are assured it is true, and, llierefore, philosophical. Cm. Commercial. The above will do for this meridian, so far ni wo have hud nil opportunity to nbie vo. Will any of our correspondents give us any ileitis on so interfiling a topic 1 Bxisn Particui.au. An amusing incident look 'V"' ly Hie Mt. Uiarlea Hotel, wlmre Mr. r ill mure 11 stopping. A waller came to Ihonllicowiih . 11 r . j , ,.. lrom , , P. I illmnri"," nml a.k. ,1 ,h,. rink hat mom hn .lionl.l ink. llii'in to. Th. r.lcrk fail llin nnmo .nil """'''I"'" . tatl. trin(! lo think if nny anrh nounn wa.ain. inm 111 nm iiniiiii " '. Kl muni, -. Killmni .. j know Ih. name i rinht. Ir I o.ki'.l ..rlirul,lv .,at Hi. K..l,l,,,'. Br.t.i.m. ., and t ,.y lolj"Z -r.i.l,.,,. , i ,, ri.h, ,,1W ,. ,1,1." Thar. . .,. I,,sln, i,? f10 ,,,' ,U1. tint. AT. (). 'lAiytnir, (iooii lift, I.iTTt.R Itnont Though loth to imrl with her, wo havo lo lmk. a Irioiiilly , ,l," with Rhode lalanil. n. .lie h:i, lo keep company Willi hnr worthy at.lera. who h.ivo lnrn.'.l their harka imlig. tiniitlv on all whoh ivo lavorr.l tb. Nobru.ka repent of tin. Mii.ouri U!iiToini... Wo alinll ronlidently pert hor hark again when lliiipurpoi.ol hnrdeparliiro .hall 1... .rro.iipli.hrd. No wilh Uimnerliciil, and to wilh thoOrnnilo Sum, whioh, thonph not iioilo over to Whipg.ry, nimln audi a .tii.la l l dirrrtion, thl he who run. may read Iho leuon llntf. Bepuh, Knui-ATlna- in Vin.iiu The Ilirhmnnil Whig ar-gura ih. nrcea.ily for adopting a moreellicient .l, m ill . II..II..H ... .1,.. U... ,. ' - l..n).t " Kvery il.rad. pxhihita a rnriid and r..rl i.,.n... Mf thia ma., of Ignoranre, In tutu, tho number of I"1", unletlere.1 In Virginia mmiuleil to (itl.oilil. In ""'' ".onti. At thia rat. It will not n- .pure many eenturlea to .xtinguiali all knowledge of I letten in liie Stale." " " ....