Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1847-07-28

              WEE SLY 0 TO ST A mm JO RNAL. VOLUME XXXVIL COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1847. NUMBER 48. I'UUI.ISIIKI) KVWIY WKIINKSLIAY MOUM1MO, BY WILLIAM 13. THRALL. Office in the Journal Iluilding. nuth-flnst corner of High street and Sur alloy. TK RMS: Tunrn Poi.i.aks ran anhum, which may bedischnrged by lim payment of Two Dom.ak in advnnco, acitl free of postage, or of percentage to Agent or Collector. Ttie Journal is also published dnily during the ion of he legislature, and llirieu a week tlm remainder of the year for go i ami throe time a week, yearly, forgi. Till HHDAY KVKNINU, JulS'J, 1847. The Locoloco Pnrty, and a Nntionnl Convention, nguiut How to munuge quustioua thut canuot be yielded I Let tht North nut w It of the Smith, nor tho South of the North what cannot Ira yielded on local pietiona, and wliirh men will look to. when culled unon to act in its own irHLitK." Ohio Statesman u We do not choime to allow the article of the Slates- II, u.Yocuiing nauuiiui vuiiiliihuii ui fuco party, upon which we commented at length in the last Juii run!, to pass without further notice Tho italic and small capital in tho above extract are our own. This extract is not chosen became of any particular beauty of diction, nor yet for purposes of criticism, When we look to find the object 44 which each will look to," wo lind it ii 14 what cannot be yielded on local questions" That ii the "what" "which each will look to when called upon to act in iU own phero." Grammatically wo have nothing to Bay ; our neighbor ia uncustomed to modes of expression quite unique and original, and ia n privileged character among the King's English. The ancient poets had a way of making their Gods conceal themselves in mists and clouds. Tho editor of the Statesman, or as his fnonds call lnm, tho 44 Lion hearted," has his own fancy in tho way of clouds, but in regard to tho Notional Convention, his idea, though not more grammatically put down, is much more distinct than usual-Ho was laying before tho Democratic party tho arguments in favor of a National Convention : and as between tho NORTH and tho South there are certain matters of dilfereiice which ho says "each will in tl...n nll.wl iiiinti lii nut in its own inhere." f The North will look to them in its sphere, and the SOUWI III IIS spiiere. Alio iue ui uiv miiuiu mat these subjects so to be acted upon, are not matters about which it is worth while for a convention to attempt to agrco. Kacti section of the country will take care of thoin in its own way and in its own sphere. Tliey are not to ask each other to yield on these subjects. Now what are these momentous matters about which they arc to agree to disagree, and each section take care of in its own sphere ? They are 44 what cannot be yielded on local questions." Here, then, is a distinct proposition by way of allowing how a convention can harmon'ixr, and why it should do so. If wo can in any manner ascertain what it is llr.it cannot be yielded on local questions, wo shall find out precisely what it is tint tho Kdilor advises his party not to attempt to settle in Convention, and to leave open for each section to manage in its own way. As to this question there is no great room for mistake. Every body knows what is that is most sectional between the North and South, ami what it ia that both are unwilling to yield, f is the great question about the ertenvon of slavery and of slate representation in Congress. Tho South seems determined to maintain a property representation on the floor of Congress and to extend it; to hold the controlling power in the government, and make free labor secondary if not subsidiary to lave labor. To accomplish this, the South is for gaining now provinces, by whatever means, in order to extend and reinforce tho power of slavery in the National (iovernment. The North seeks not to disturb the South in the enjoyment of rig lits now guarantied by the constitution, hut it sees tho inequality and protests against its ex- t.irwmn ami tinnif tualintl. It does Hot Beck to HeiiriVC the South of a full chare and influence in the National Government, but it insists upon some rights oi us own. It does not like and will not submit that Northern men shall be umforinily proscribed and laid aside to make way for Southern men. It does not like and will not submit that free lab'tr and tho policy of free labor shall be uniformity sacrificed and made to yield to the policy of slave-labor. It does not ask everything, but it thinks itself entitled to something. Wu nee no reason why a man from a free state should be less worthy of the highest ollice in the gill of the people on that account, nor why gentlemen ol character and genius when nominated for foreign missions should bo compelled to run the gauntlet of detraction simply because not residents of a Slavo Statu and devoted to Slavery. These are the local questions alluded to, Now we have his expedient. It is that each will look to these when called on to act in its own sphere There is to bo no attempt to agree upon them. Who docs not see that they aro fundamental? That in one form or another they shape the action of tho Gov eminent on most important measures? What then can result from a convention or agreement in which these matters aro excluded from discussion? One thin? and only one a combination to get into office without reference to principle, and at tho expense of principle. A scheinu for fishing up antagonist opin ions, and for concentrating the action of reckk-ss and mercenary politicians. To this end the north is to act in its sphere in re ference to those questions, and the Oimlh in is sphere. Not that they are to act upon and influence each oth- . er towards moderation and harmony, for neither is to be 44 asked " to yield They are to take each its own road, in ia own way, to secure statu triumphs. Loco focos at the north arc to take northern ground ; at tin outh. southern ground. At the north they are to gain elections by opposing tho admission of new slave territory; at tho south by advocating such admission a re-enactment of tho sham 'less frauds, practiced on the same plan in regard to Texas and tho taritr of IHl'i. It may bo thought by some, that wo are paying loo much attention to this abominable project. Not so, however. It only wants time to ripen into a etlled ptan of action i as tho Statesman has it 44 the general outlines of a campaign." Tho people have been once cheated by the same scheme and the consequences are too serious In permit of repetition. They will only wait to seo the tho 44 general outline! " of the nefarious plot agiin proposed, and will have already made up their minds luw to act. The Statesman, naturally enough, wishes to keep it out of 44 the elections this fall," but perlups that cannot be managed precisely to his wishes. The people will have a word to ay on that subject. Ilultlinoro nnd Ohio Untlroiul. A meeting of thu Directors of tins Company was held at their office in Haiti more, on the Kith inst, when an elaborate report was made from the committee on tho extension of the road to the Ohm River, the report proposes that the Hoard shall convene the stockholders at the earliest practicable day, and recommend to their acceptance the recent act of tho Virginia Legislature, and tho rntiiieatinn of the agreement with the city of Wheeling, by which that place will become the western terminus of the Railmad. Mr. MiLakk, ir..;,(,.iii it' tlm (!iiiiiiiiiiiv. was of this committee and it is worthy of remark that every member of tho committee concurred in the adoption and recommendations of the report. Tho report was adopted by the Hoard of Directors, by a veto of 17 to 5. A meeting of the stockholders is notified fir the fi-'dli proximo, when it is regarded as morally certain that the conclusions to which the Hoard of Director have arrived will be confirmed, and their acts and recommendations ratified by the stockholders! in which event, says the llaltimort Patriot, 44 wo may expect the reoonnoisauccs of the route to be completed at an early day, and the work of extension to bo commenced before Uie year is ended.' Thu Fublio Schuol. The public schools of this city were opened in the spacious buildings recrntly erected, on Wednesday of the present week. The schools aro divided into three grades, the Primary Schools are designed for children from four to six or seven years ; the Secondary Schools, for those from six or seven to eight or nine years, and the Orai mnar Schools, for those above the Inst named ago. One of cacli grade of schools has boon com menced in each of the three Htllldlllgl. 1 hose Schools Spoken like a Whig. Tho Cincinnati jhlas of Tuesday, defines its position in the following emphatic and struiglit-forward language. It is the language and tone of an earnest and genuino Whig : Piuncipi.ks, nut Mfh. We have been surprised by the inquiry of several friends, whether the Atlas will support a 41 No-party " candidate for the Presidency? Wo had thought that the decided, open course of this paper in favor of the well known principles of tho Whig party, would be regarded in all quarters as a satisfactory assurance that wo will never support any man for tho Presidency wit an avowed, decided, flat-footed Whig. We nre a Whig, not for men but for principles, sincerely believing Whig measures necessary to the prosperity of the country. Wo area Whig, not for tho sake of putting A or U in office, or turning out C or D, hut lor putting practical measures in operation. Passing Away. Tho Scioto Cnzcttcof Wednesday, announces thu death of John Caiilisle, Sr. Esq. for 50 years paHtone of the most active and useful citizens of Chillicothe. 44 In his mercantile transaction, ho was distinguished for liberality to debtors and promptitude to creditors ; and ever combined tho character of a public-spirited citizen, high-minded gentleman and enterprising merchant. Mr. C. was ever an ardent and honest politician none more uncompromising of principle, none more lenient to the convictions of others than ho. His funeral was attended on Tuesday, by tho Masonic fraternity, and a largo concourse uf citizens, including the municipal authorities." Mr. Kelley d tho Ilitltimore Committee. Wo place before our readers tho following communication from Mr. Kelley to the Committee of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, for tho twofold purpose of placing within their reach in a convenient and reliablo form, the valuable information it imparts upon a subject of absorbing interest at the present time; and also, to enable Ihe public to judge understanding of the justice and propriety of thu denunciation and abuse, aimed at Mr. Ktai.r.v, for tho part he bore in tho matter. There is perhaps no man in the State more thoroughly acquainted with its to pogrophy than Mr. Kelley. If in tho representations he has made to the Baltimore committee he has committed errors, no one can object to their being pointed out. In looking over tho communication, wo detect no such error, and are not aware that any such exists. Until something of the kind is shown, let those who are smarting under the effect of disappointment, withhold their wholesale denunciations It is perhaps fortunate for Mr. Kelley, that what ho did say on the occasion was reduced to writing a fact of which wo were not apprised, when penning our remarks in the Journal of Tuesday. ,oiumuust June xu, iw. Ai.Fnr.ii Kki.i v.v, Kq. Hir, The City Council have tins day appointed you n Deb-gate to represent thin city at a meeting of thu Baltimore and Ohio Kail KoaU Cimip-iuy to tie lie Id at the city of Baltimore. The Cilv Council authoriz ed me to request you to accept the appointment. 1 am, sir very ri'spi-cuiiuv yours, K. W. Mt COY, frtsdt City Council. ilattimorci July 2, lf-17. To th Ho. Lor is M Lask, VmI Halt, and Ohio tin ti road Company. Sir. At your suirirestion I promised to commit to writing the substance of the information and views which 1 os a Pen-gale i uie my council oi omnibus had the lienor to communicate verbally to yourself and committee on yesterday. For the sake of perspicuity, and, as far as practicable, nvoid repetition, 1 shall consider tho subject under different heads. The oiiirrt to be attained bu adopting a proper termi nus on the Ohio liiccr fur the Uattimore and Ohio Rail road. This object unquestionably is to sec tiro the greatest amount of travel ami profitable transportation to the road. It will, as it seems tome, be best attained by uarefully considering anil correctly determining what portion of the travel and trade ol the great West can be attached to and secured upon the mad. It is vain to contend for that which nature has placed buyond I our reach, and usclen, or nearly so, to grap that I which wo ctnnot hold. No one railroad, or other clniin -1 of Iraile or travel can ever become the sole line of communication between the great basin of tho Mixsisiippi and the Atlantic seaboard. IV i one channel, formed by the hand of man, run be of siillicieut capacity for the mighty mass which must soon llow ill this direction. A portion, I may (-veil say, a compari-lively small portion, is ail that any one railroad can accommodate it is an mm even mo mosi (injuring need ask. Both the trade and travel of the country in tho vicinity of tho great lakes, will most naturally, and, as 1 believe, ever, seek connection with the more northern cities of the Atlantic seaboard and with Canada, through tl"' lakes the Hi. Lawrence the New York canals, and the railroads which aro or will bo constructed, for thu conveyance of passengers nud more or less freight at all seasons of the year and to answer as lines of transportation when the navigation is closed. Canada frequently all'ords the best market for the surplus of breadstuff and provisions of this region and when this is not the case, tho higher price whieli these articles almost always command in New York and Boston than in tho more southern ml ten, oHrates as a controling iudueeineiit tor tho holders of these articles to send them to market in this direction. The fact that most articles of domestic mauiil'iclure and nearly nil of foreign growth and manufacture ran be purchased somewhat cheaper in Boston and New York than in more southern cities, alo attracts to them the trade of that portion of tho west which cannot reach them without a great increase of distance and expense of transportation Ik-. yond that attending transportation to and fromPhia-di-lphiaand B.iltimore. Tobacco, an I, perhaps soino other agaicti!tur;il productions form the exceptions of tins rule. But tins is not an article cultivated for foreign markets iu the country adjacent to thu great lukf. A considerable portion of the travel between this region and the Atlantic cities, particularly in the. winter season, takes a rmte as far sooth as llio National, or Cuuiln'rl uid mad. I apprehend this will coutiuuo to ho the case so long as equal facilities are offered by railroads, or other modes of conveyance on this route. Washington, to say nothing of Baltimore and other places, is a great point of attraction to those who travel fur pleasure, sod even for those whoso principal object is commercial business. And this altrartion exercises an annually increasing influence. This portion of the travel between the country adjacent to the great hkes and the Atlantic cities, the Baltimore and Ohio Itailroad may reasonably expect to grasp and hold by a judicious selection of the route and western terminus. The surplus productions of that portion nf Ohio, In. diaua and Illinois, which is adjacent to the Ohin Uiv-er, naturally seek a market iu New Orleans and the states situated on the Lower Mississippi and the (lull', except at times when the price of these productions is depressed as compared with tho prices in the great commercial cities on Ihe Atlantic When this is llio case, these production are sent In market either by canal and bike navigation to New York and Canada, or bv the Ohm railroads and canal to Philadelphia or Baltimore. Much of the larger portion ot Ihciu products, except from the country in thu vicinity of (ho canals of Ohm, floats down the Ohio and Mississippi. Such 1 apprehend will be the case for many years to come, and, perhaps, forever. To these remarks there are, however, some exceptions. Much of the surplus produce of the eastern counties of Ohio, which are bounded on llio Ohio Itiver, is now sent to Baltimore by Ihe Cumberland Bond ami Baltimore and Ohio Itiilroad, or to Philadelphia through the canals and railroads of I Vnnsalvania. l oiiacco anil nvo nogs pursue one or the other of these routes, mostly the former, even from the central portion ot Ohio. Tho com nlelion of tho llnltiniore and Ohio llailroad to a prop er point on tho Ohio especially if connected With a railroad penetrating to the interior of Ohio would increase tins tmde. Travel to and from the southern portions of these great states would be timed more readily, and in much greater proportion, attracted to a railroad sit tltts direction than is export trade ; as would also the transpm. talion of goods from the Atlantic cities, to this region, All artiel-s of merchandise, of great value as compar ed with their bulk and weight such as dry g otM, are now, almost all, brought to this section of the western country directly from the eastern cities by canal, rail roads, or wamis. A cmliuunus line nf railroads from II -lithium to Cincinnati, and through tho central re gions of Ohio, 1ml nun and Illinois, would engross a vcrv large portion ol tins traicporiatmn. tf'Ae eoHittru whose trade tnmj tie sHrrtsnfutttj contended for blithe Itnltimnre and Ohio lluilrtod is however, principally comprehended by the eastern nud central sections of Ohio, and tho central section of the great Slates lying west of Ohio. I hen use tho word central in contradistinction from the northern and southern section ot these stales. No other line of trans. nnrtation from Ihe Atlantic seaboard, except one from in their progress towards (he tiortheaKtern and eastern I A route either from Cincinnati or Columbus to any eilies of tho Union. A lariro portion of this travel, whether induced by pleasure, the pursuit uf health or business, will take a route by way uf the great lakes, Niagara Falls and Western New York to Boston, and, having passed from thence through New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and, perhaps, to Washington, will return by way of tho Baltimore and Ohio llailroad. An equally largo poition will reverse this order of proceeding, passing over the same ground bill in the contrary direction. Another portion will proceed to some one or more of these Atlantic cities, and return by the same route the variations depending on the seasons of the year, tho business, or the inclination of the trav-oiler. i Whether this travel will pass alonn the Baltimore Land Ohio Km I road or through Pittsburgh to Philadel phia, will in a great degree depend on the 'acuities oi- fered by each for ease, safe, cheap and expeditious travelling, Tho length or shortness of thu line, oth- i er things being equal, will of course form an important item in the decision of this question. To those who wish to visit all the cities which 1 havo named, it will be a matter of some consequence to take them in course by beginning at one one end of the row and ending at the other. Thus, if a traveller commences at Boston and visits these cities in his course, he will naturally feel disposed to commence his journey west from Baltimore, rather than take his back track to Philadelphia, and vice versa, unless business or a decidedly better route should induce a different decision. Where, is the, best point for terminating the Haltinturc and Ohio Itailroad on the Ohio, with reference to seeur-inr the tfrr.at objects to which I have adverted f The answer is : That point which can bo reached by a railroad from the centra of Ohio by thu shortest distance passing over tho moet suitable ground for that purpose where n railroad will be most certain to be soon made, and which, from its location, will attract tho greatest amount of business, and be most certain to secure it to (ho Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. What point on tho Ohio river, which is accessible by the Haltimoro and Ohio Railroad, unites iu thu greatest degree these advantages ? Several points below Wheeling Wheeling and Pittsburgh have been named. 1 propose to Hiibmita few remarks as to each of these premising that as my knowledge of the localities east of the Onio River aru very limited so far at leant as they present facilities or obstructions to the making of a Railroad, I leave tli is division of the question out of view. In regard to tho several points proposed for the Western terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, ; below Wheeling, it should be observed that all these points are opposite to a comparatively poor ami thinly peopled part of the Statu of Ohio as will bo seen by reference to the official tabular statement ot the valu-atiou of tho real property of the several counties of the Stale of Ohio, A portion uf the State which is able to contribute little to the cost of constructing a railroad, or towards the travel and business by which it is to lie sustained when made. All this section of i Ohio is exceedingly rough, presenting great obstructions to Ihe conducting of a Railroad through it, unless a route is selected which lies along the valleys of the streams. So evident is this, and so fully is the fact conceded by the citizens of this region, that the representatives in the Ohio Legislature from some uf these counties three years age introduced n bill for con-strue.tiug a Railroad from Washington County to Columbus by way of tho valley of the .Muskingum or llockhockmg, supposing that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad would terminate on the Ohio opposite some part of Washington County, and this was designed to connect the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad with the western and central parts of Ohio and even with Cincinnati. This charier was so amended during its progress through the Legislature as to give the Company the right of making the road from Franklin County to any point on the Ohio where the Baltimore and Ohio Itailroad might terminate. Were tins termination opposite the mouth of the .Muskingum or the Hocking, or any point between the mouths of those rivers, it would then, as I behove, bo found the best route even to Cincinnati to follow tho valley uf otic or oilier of those rivers to the margin of the level country cross the Seioto as Inuh up at least as Pick- away Countv, and proceed thence to Cincinnati. 11 is imssihle Ihat a practicable route Irom tho Ohio o the margin of the level country at Newark may 1 louuii by the valleys or ratner ravines ot nuuiinii -the Seneca nud Buffalo branches of Wills creek, the Fast Branch of Salt creek, and thence by the v ill 's uf the Muskinirum and Liekintr rivers to New ark. This route between the Muskingum river and the mouth of Siinfish, lies through a rough and comparatively poor and thinly settled part of the state. It is also presumed that numerous short curves, wash banks and crossing of the streams must be encounter d in passing along the ravines ol these streams. It is known that a irood route lor a Hail road from Wheeling to Columbus is presented by the valleys of Indian Vheelmg--Still Water, the Tuscarawas, Musk ingum, Tomuka and Licking to Newark, and thence across the open country to Columbus. The feasibili ty ot tins line m demonstrated liy the actual construction of the Ohio ('anal from a point opposite the month of Still Water to Newark, by actual surveys, r a canal or Slackwatcr navigation, almg tin val- y of Htillwuter ; and a survey thence to the mouth ol Wheeling Creek, made souit years ago with a view to tho construction of a Railroad. Thai part of this route which extends from Newark to Colombo, is through a plain open country, which it is known presents no obstacles worthy of noto. i he distance, by this route, Irom Wheeling to t ol- utubus, 1 est una te at one hundred and lilty-two miles, point on the Ohio below Wheeling, would attract to the Baltimore uud Ohio Railroad less business than either that of Wheeling or that to Pittsburg, for rea sons previously tun ted at. It must pass through a tar less populous, loss productive, and poorer country, and one ever like to remain so, whilst one more populous, wealthy and productive, lying further north, will not bo accomodated by it, and will therefore sock another route, construct a rival-road, and form other connections. It is true that at certain seasons passengers and freight coming up the Ohio, may with more convenience reach a terminus lower down the river. These periods, however, aro of short duration; for generally when a steamboat can reach Parkersburg, it iun pass on to Wheeling, and at all audi tunes it makes little difference to a passenger whether he travels by water a few miles further or by land a few miles less. But. I apprehend, the principal business of tho Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is not to 1)0 do- rived from the river, but from the land ; that is, it will be approached to a fur greater extent by means of river navigation. One question only remains to bo considered, viz : Whieh of the proposed termini wilt most effectually secure to the llaltimore and Ohio llailroad that business. to which, as I hare endtatored to show, it has a fair claim t answer, that terminus which is situated nearest in a direct line between the points which are proposed to be connected provided it be upon as favorable a route for the construction of a road or system of roads and pass through a country as fertile, populous and wealthy, as its rival routes. In my view, Wheeling, or some point near it, oc cupies this position. This consideration induced the making ot the National Hond through tins point. 1 have before shown that at least one favorublo and pretty direct route leading west from this point is pre sented, and that a system of Railroads from Cincin nati, through tho central region ot Ohio, is either made, or provided for, as far as Columbus, pointing towards Whet-ling. It is true that by continuing on some fib' to 7(1 miles further and sweeping round further to the North, a terminus at Pittsburg could bu reached: and should the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company make this their western terminus such a connection would, at no very distant day, undoubtedly lie formed. But, what would be its effect on the business of tho Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and on Baltimore itself? It would undoubtedly be to attract western and southwestern trade and travel to Pittsburg to be forwarded on, in far greater proportion, to Philadelphia, and not to Baltimore. Baltimore would no longer enjoy its present enviable position on the great thoroughfare of eastern and western travel and trade, nor would its proud work any longer serve as its favorite channel. Were it conceded that no Railroad connection be tween Pittsburg and Philadclphtt could ever be formed, and were (ho Baltimore and Ohm Railroad Company debarred, by any insuperable obstacle, from tho selection of a more advantageous terminus for their great work, then indeed nutrhtit he expedient to form a connection with rittsburrtt lint as the construction of a Railroad from Pillslsirgh to Philadelphia may bo considered certain, and tint too, at no distant nay, especially it tho trade and travel ot tlm wct bo invited to tho 'orincr city by making it the western terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, uud, as another more eligible point for that terminus iu accessible, as well from the west as from the east, it seems to mo that no stockholder, I may say, no Bal-timorean, who will mako himself acquainted with the subject, can for a moment hesitate in rejecting Pittsburg and selecting Wheeling a a western term in us uf the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. i am, Sir, with great respect, Your hiuiihle servant, ALFRED KELLEY. Raltimoiik, July oth, 1H-17. Hns. Loris M LAr: Sir, I accidentally omitted, in my communication to you of Hie d inst., to remark iisin the mute of a Railroad from Pittsburg west through the counties of Columbiana, Stark and Wayne, iVc, in Ohio. Such a route, in anything like a direct course, I consoler impracticable. After leaving the northerly bend of the Ohio, say at or near Ihe mouth of Little Reaver it must pass through a country much broken by hills and valleys, whose general direction, with few excep. tions, crosses tho track of a mad running in an east and west direction. To obtain anything like a good line in this direction, it would be necessary to follow the valley nf one of the forks of Lilllc Beaver ami of Sandy creek, to the Tuscarawas, in the westerly part of Stark Co., or to swing around to the northern verife of tins hilly country near the South line of the Western Reserve, after leaving the valley of the Main or Northwestern Brunch of Liltlle Beaver. Alter reaching the Tuscarawas it would also bu found necessary to adopt a very crooked lino, governed bv the valleys of the streams, in order to reach Woosier in Wayne Co. Between Wooster and Mauidjeld the country is also Inllv the hills extending j-eriernlly in a direction from West of North to Ivist of South, and, therefore, across the lino nf a road pursuing an East erly and Westerly direction. 1 feel c From Wheeling to mouth of Still Water, f0 miles, Mouth of Still Water to Newark (i t 44 Newark to Columbus, XI 44 Total distance, 1.72 " Tho only portion ol this route in reirard tot lie lenirth of which there is any material uncertainly, is between wiieeiniif ami llio inoiiin nf WhliwaiiT. And in the length of tins portion, ascertained by dividers sot to o miles, and slcped mi the most accurate map along the mute, I have added eight miles; whieli is, as 1 believe, more than sufficient to cover the additional length caused by short curves, or departures from the general con rue. llio Kailrond distance rum Colum bus to 1 mciunati, either by way ol cma ot ppnug-field and the Little Miami Railroad, or by tho way of SpruiglicM, Davtnn, and the valley of the Oront Miami, is about miles, unking the total distance from W heeling to Cincinnati Vw.l miles. It is possible, perhaps nrobatile, that shorter, and on the whole, better routes may lie found between Wheeling and Newark, than that above designated. Hut to point out one known to be fratible and reasonably direct, is sufficient tor my present purpose. favorable hnu lor a Itailroad from Columbus to PitUbiirgh is also presented by the valleys of Licking 1 omaka I uscarawas ine randy Little Id-aver or Yellow Creek and the Ohm River from the month of one or tho other uf these latter streams to Pitts burgh. This muto ii identical with that above indicated from Columbus to Hie mouth of Still Water. The deitaiieo from this mint to Pittsburgh, by the values of the Tuscarawas, Sandy, Little Reaver, and the Ohio Railroad, I estimate at I Hi miles. From the month of Still Water to Pituhurgh, this lino, however, presents more difficulties than that portion of it which extends Imill the inuutll o Still W ater to Columbus. Tho vallevs aro moro crooked, more contracted, and in other respects less favorable in their character. Still, no serious dillicultics are iulcrnoned. To whirhof the points proposed as a Wt stern terminus of rAi lliltimare ond Ohio llailroad, wilt a rat I rind connection from ItHitnnntt anil the Western and ctn tral portions of Ohio most trr'ainly and soonest be in u tie 1 believe, to Wheeling, A railrond isslready finish ed and m successful operation from Cincinnati to Springfield, via Xenia. A company is formed and the requisite amount of stock taken to construct a road from cnta, or Spruighehl as the company may elect, to Columbus. Surveys an now beiuir made. preparatory to putting a large portion of this mad under contract. It wilt probably bo finished in two years confident that tin favorable route for a Rail rond front Pittshtirir to the central part of Ohio and Cincinnati can bo luituil in this direction wlncii will not be louirer than llio oih su-'ijestcd in mv former communication, via tho vallevs of theSandy-Tuscarawas, thence alonsf the valley of the Touiiiks sud Locking, or, the Walkandy and Owl creek, to Ml. Vernon, thence Southwest to Columbus. Wi'h all this roff inn of country I am pretty well acquainted, having formerly ejplored it iu reference to canal routes and latterly lines have tieen run through the western portion of it with a view to discover the best Railroad mute from Cleveland to Columbus, the minute of which 1 have seen and examined. I am, Sir, very respeclfully. Your humble servant, ALFRLD KKLl.KY. QT Erom a letter to the Editor, dated loRTsnrTH O-, July ',H, IH7. Our wheat harvest is nearly over, and tho crop is a good one, althoiiL'h our fears were, tint it would prove light, and in some instances hardly worth the harvest. Tho corn crop also promises to be abundant, throughout our valley, and we shall bo enabled to rx port largely the coining season to moot the wants of our European friend. Your readers are doubtless aware, that we loaded a Marietta built ship, with Corn for Liverpitol in April Inn I, and the demand in cniniiiff lime will be largely increased, since the wont nf Breadstuff has famifiariied them to the use of Indian Corn, in place of lighter grains. Portsmouth is still gaining in ennui" rcial prosperity, and her merchants ore doing mi mc reused busmen tins season. Many lino busmen homos have been Tocted, and tho branch Hank of the State hat boon successfully organized. Our lmn manufacturers arc nil busy in their furnaces, Slid are adding largely to Ihe export of Iron from from tins port, as well as to their dividends ot pmrna. Should business or travel call you in this section, thu writer hereof will lie huppy to aeroinpany you in vi-ut to some of our largest furnaces, to note ihe manufacture of iion from the on. S. R. R. For the Ohio Statu Journal. Commencement at Central College took place en Wednesday, tho It'll h of June, at nine iu the morning, at the ringing of the bell. The faculty, trustees, students and spectator assembled at the chae under the order of Col. Keler, as marshal of the day, in due order. The procession marched down to the sugar grove east of the College, where there was a stao erected and seat prepared. It ia estimated Ihat there were about urn thousand persons present to wilnes the advancement. The exercises were of a deeply interesting character, consisting altogether of original addresses. They commenced by opening with prayer. Latin salutatory. There was a very interesting variety of topics treated tiHn relative to the Mexican war pro anil eon. The young gentlemen handled the subject with the most masterly ability. Some twenty young gentlemen made Riidressoa; ami tne exorcises were are entirely rrotoall the children of the city between 1 Philadelphia via Pittsburgh, will bo likely to compete four and twenty one years old, wu learn that more than 300 children were registered in the schools on the first day. Tint Ohio R mi is. v. nr. The NT O. Delta nf the 11th inst. says: The steamships Telegraph and Fanny got otT last evening for the Brains with eight companies of the Ohio Higimcnt. Tho remainder was to leave tho next day on the ateamer Eudoia. with it, with any reasonable prospect of sueeei far ns tlm importation uf merchandise, particularly Ihe lighter classes uf goods, is concerned. And oven the southern portions id these lite will bo supplied with this kind of goods principally through this channel, as I have already suggested is now the case. In regard to travel lie t ween the East and the West, the mad may justly lay claim to even a larger share. Two great stream ol travel mn coining from tho West, thu other from the Southwest, will meet in Ohio ii.fr...alilv rlivorxilii-d bv moat i tcrtlL.nl muair iwr. or loss. There is Ihus left nf railroads to bo provided : t;irmed by the Truro band of Re -imhUburg. The i.rr, mi 'Miii "V" iinn-. hooks tiand performed llieir uuiy admirably on the uccasion. company incorporated to make this mad, nud if it be known (hat the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad will soon be made to that point, it will opernlo as a powerful stimulant to the enterprise. The means cannot, ns I apprehend, be ns soon pro cured for making a railroad from Columbus to Pitts burfh, for the obvious reason that the distance is some Mi to 70 miles greater, and Ihe stun required to construct tho road, in that proportion at least, greater Besides, I thing it presents to the people of central Ohio a longer and somewhat less desirable route for reaching the Atlantic cities. II Ann vf the proposed eonnrriuns will attract the grrati st umotmt uf II ertirn trade and trartl i Iu reference to this question Wheeling and Pittsburg may bo supposed by many to occupy nearly the same position. It however appears to ine, after a careful consideration of all the attendant circumstances, it will be found that the Wheeling route has the decided ad vantage. A mule from Whet ling west, passes I more centrally through the great Slates of Ohio, In-1 (liana. Illinois, nud Missouri. It approaches nearer I the great and growing rily of Cincinnati, nud the j northerly bend o Ohio, tho point where a largo por-1 tmn of Ihe passengers who come up tho Mississippi and (he Ohio in steainlMints, oven now leave the river ami proceed by land to the eastern cities. It passes at a greater distance from the Like, and is then fore loss likely to loose its business by the attractions uf that mute. If to attain the same ground a route from Piiiubnrg west incline so far to the south as to pass through the centre of Ohio and thence onward in the direelton of St. Louis, the length of (be mule is considerably increased, and, ns a cotisequeueo, rendered more expensive nud less desiiablu as a route for. travel or trade. A rare amusing colloquy took place during the exerci ses, hclwei-ii a young tyro iu astronomy, who was trying to leach some of Ins pupils the principles o astronomy, nnd the figure of tho earth. The exercises were closed w ilh the Inaugural nddrens of the Rev J. Covert ns President of Central College, and the usual ceremonies of his induction into ollice. The address comprised the history of the College, and giving its present condition, then launched out on the broad ocean of oducation showing that wlnto tho intellect wns trained, and the alleelmus and licnrl cultivated and refined, tho medium through whieli all others, having both menial and moral, are secured, uu?hl no, to bo iirgleeled The kind of rducatioii best adapted to bring out nil the latent energies of man was particularly pointed out. On the whole, the exercises wore very interesting; exceeding in interest, I think, any commencement that I have ever Witnessed. Tho youths acquitted themselves like men. Tho prospect nf this institution are Ii ighly flattering. A Yisitoh. Oittino into Tiir lln.li LTiitii: Tho Tort- land Advertiser snys : 41 (too of the best jukes connected with the Presidents visit hero, came ell', we learn, at Ihe Mayor's Boom, and was 44 perpetrated'' by Mr. Iluehsiinn. The Pmsidelit enquired uf Ihe Mayor the latitude nf Portland, and on being informed," he turned to Mr. Buchanan, nnd said- 44 Tins farther is north lhau wu have ever been before." Yes," replied Mr. 11., but a smile on his broad face, added 1 hardly think, sir, we shall get to f4 4(1 this tunc." From the New Orleans Picayune, of the yth. Interesting from the City of Mexico. The Diaro del Gobieruo, of the lh ull., contained tho proclamation ot Gen. Kearney to the Californiana, from which it is copied into El Nacioual, the official Gazette of the free and sovereign State o( Puebln, published at Puebla. It is tho first official token we havo seen that Gen. Kearney had been allowed by the navai omcers on mo i acme station to enter upon tne discharge of his functions as Governor. We append a translation oi ins auuress : Proclamation to the People of California : The President of tho United Stales having devolved upon the undersign"d the civil irovernmeut of Cali fornia, he enters upon the discharge of his duties with an ardent desire to promote am far as is possible the interests ot the country and well being ot theinhabitants. Tho undersigned is instructed by the President to respect and protect the religious institutions ot California, to take care that tho religious rights of its inhabitants are secured in the most ample manner, since the Constitution uf the United States allows to every individual the privilege of worshiping his Creator in whatever manner his conscience may dictate. The undersigned is also instructed to protect the persons and property of the quiet and peaceable inhabitants of the country against each and every enemy, whether foreign or domestic; and now assuring tho Califnruians that his inclinations, no less than his duty, demand tho fulfilment uf these instructions, he invites them to use llieir best efforts to preserve order and tranquility, to promote harmony and concord, and to maintain the authority and efficacy of the laws. It is the desire and intention of the United Slates to procure for California ns speedily as possible a free government liko that of their own territories, and they will very soon invito the inhabitants to exercise thu rights of freu citizens in tho choice of their own representatives, who mny enact such laws ns they deem best adapted to their interest and well being. Hut until this takes place, tho laws actually in exis tence, which are not repugnant to the Constitution of the united males, will continue in force until tliey are revoked by competent authority; and persons in tlm exercise of public employments will fur the present remain in them, provided they swear to maintain the said Constitution uud faithfully discharge their duties. The undersigned by these presents absolves all Ihe inhabitants of California ol any further alliance to the llepulilic ot Mexico, and regards them as citizens ot the United States. Those who remain quiet and peaceable will be respected and protected in their rights; but should any ouo take up arms against the Government of this territory, or join such ns do so, or instigate others to do so all these he will regard as enemies, and tliey will be treated as aucti. When Mexico involved the Liniteu States in war. the latter bad not time to invite the Californiana to join their standard as friends, but tuund themselves compelled to take possession of the country to prevent its fit I L 1 1 1 if into the hands of snmu European power. In doing this there is no doubt that some excesses, some unauthorized acts were committed by persons in the service of I bo United Slates, ind that in consequence some of the inhabitants have sustained losses in their property. Tln'se losses shall be duly investigated, and those who are entitled to indemnification shall receive it. Fur many years California has suffered great domestic convulsions; from civil wars, liko poisoned fountains, have (lowed calamity asd pestilence over this beautiful region. These fountains are now dried up; the stars and slrics imw float over California, and as long a the sun shall shed its light, they will continue to wave over her, and over the native of the country, and ever those who shall seek a domicile in her bosom ; and under the protection of this flag, agriculture must advance, and the arts and sciences will flourish like seed in rich and fertile soil. Americans and Californiana! from henceforth one people. Let us then indulge one desire, nnu hope ; let Ihat Ik for the peace and tranquility of our conn, try. I,et us unite like brothers, and mutually strive for the mutual improvement and advancement uf this our beautiful country, which within a short period cannot fail to bo not only beautiful, but also prosperous and happy. Given at Monterey, capital of California, this 1st day oi .iiarcn, ni ine year oi our iord ir-it, and ol the Independence nf the United Stales the 71st. S. W. KKAUNEY, Brig. Gen. U. S. A. nnd Governor of California. The Forces iu the field. To vindicate the 41 valor sud skill and rncrffv " which it claims for tho Administration in conducting tho war, the ( mon contains, almost daily a table uf military statistics, to show tho large amount of reinforcements which havo joined and are joining Ihe command nf Generals SrorT and Tayi.oii. Wt have not taken tho trouble ourselves to compare these statements with the actual strength of our forces in I .Mexico, as disclosed by recent advices from our armies. Wo only know that lien. Scott remained ;il Puebla and Gen. Tavi.oii at Monterey, and, having all confidence in the ordor and energy of those able commanders, wc are sure they would have advanced, into mo sireugui oi iiieir inrces in any uegree justified a forward movement. Wo have taken it for granted, then-fore, that Urn I tt ion's large bodies of re- iiitoreemcnt wore to bo found in no columns but the columns of tlm Executive organ; and to show that wo arc not singular in this impression, we quote ihe following recent loiter from a source entirely friendly to tho Administration, namely, the intelligent Washington Correspondent of tho New York Herald : Aational intelligencer. Washikutomj, July !.". 1M7. The Knurr is mr. Fir.i.n. It appears to us that Father Ritchie has been playing tho jack-n'-lunlern in reie re nee to the actual and even the pros pective lorees of Scott anil Taylor. The Adtnmis t ration has been active; but wo understand a irnat numoer oi volunteers nave hecn declined, who would now do ellieient service if they were in the field. We understand that thu whole force uf Scott is a follows At Puebla (i.iMHI men. At Vera Cruz not) do Along the mad with tram, Ac l.fHiO do Sick at Vera Cruz and aloug the road. &00 do Total H.04M) mn Mis ex)ectcd reinforcements in process of arrival ai era vruz, oeducting casualties, cannot exceed, we suppose, in all the reinforcements for June, U,tMK men. The whole of this forco will bo renin red to gfirnon Puebla, leaving for the march upon the city of Mexico a force of (i.isio mon And il Gen. Scott tins celebrated the 4th of July in the impcrmlcily ol the Aztecs, he has done it, in default of minlorcemeuts, with less than o,iHKI men. So that if he is there, and fails of dictating a peace, the question will next recur how is ho to get back ? (ien. Scott haa conducted the invasion with singular boldness, rnterpriso, and success ; but he has not provided for the tire in the rear." lie has not had the means. 1 le haa done the best that, could be done ; mil how is he to progress or to retrograde? lie can do neither, and unless Gen. Taylor is dispatched to his relief, tho prospect spK-ars to bo that Gen. Scott must sianu last at I'm bla. Hiil lien. Taylor has iml the men. To march with even five thousand via San Luis, he must break up his depots in tho mar, and abandon entirely the luruiern ucpariuieiiia to llio enemy. Will that an swer ? We think not. The prospect is, therefore, that both armies will have to stand fust till more troops are sent down. i en uiousaitii moro men aru wanted in Mexico, aud they can bu had. Crnmu Oit' Sawi ki. SiAi.i.wonn. Ran., a dis tinguished Democrat" of Washington, North Cam-lmn, having proclaimed Ins purpose to vole for Mr. R. S. Dunnoll, the Whig candidate for Congress in that district, has been warmly assailed by the Lornfocn pa- pei Hnmniicii 111 ewiHTii. r mm Mt Hmaiiwnd s reply to one nf these assaults we make this extract: 44 1 did say that I would vote for Mr. Domiell. I say so now ; and shall not fail my word. My masons aro briefly these ; know Mr. I), to be honest, capable, nnd faithful ; ' and I behove that the administration of tho country, in the hands uf Mr. Polk, has become so corrupt, that unless men nre elected to Congress who will endeavor to bring the Government back to its ancient purity, there will speedily be nn end to our honsied liberty ; and I am pleased that in this view I am sustained by such Democrats as Senators Calhoun nnd Butler, of South Carolina; Yuleo and Westcolt, of Florida, nnd the lion. W. II. Hay-wood, late Senator from North Carolina, and bv a hoi nf honest Democrats throughout the country, a tho late elections show most conclusively. Would to God there were more such statesmen and patriots in the Democratic party as Mr Calhoun, nnu a less number ol small men, like folk', elevated to high stations That I ho country would not Ih now tillering under tins terrible scourge id war, and Democracy would ho disgraced with no such utoimnu lis banner as to tho vie tors belong the siHiils.' I voted, it is true for Mr. Polk, but I deeply regret il ; and 1 solemnly behove that nine-tenths of those who voted I did regret il loo. From ttie Iteliuioiis nlneaine tor July. HONG OF T1IK Ql ILL. Those verse were rt-rlleil nt n iltioirr siven to (lie Convent Inn or Cim irn-B.nl umal Mitulir m tin- ll.-vere House, oil TilcMliiy uf ij T "jljl'r,I"y 'Oiuy nre iwrnlnul ut our tura-sputiuuiit In altitude most gmtpicpm, With eyes too weary to wink, The Parson sat at hi 'old wcc.ii desk, Applying bin xn and ink. Write! write! write! Like a horse that goes round in a mill And still with a voice of dreadful delight lie sang thu Song uf thu uill ! Write! write! writa! When the ore of morn looks red, And wrile! write! write! When hone 1 1 folks ore abed ! It's ofi to be wrecked nud thrown On the shore of the Ivirbunms Turk, Whore a man eon my hit mnd't his own, If this is Christian work ! Write! write! write I Till tho brain begin to swim ( Write! write! write! Till the eyes are heavy nnd dim, Text and context and theme And theme and conloit and toil : Till I uhoost seem in a waking dream, And do n't know what comes next. Oh my parishioners dear! That have human blood in your veins! It ia not paper you 're wasting hero, But human creature s brains ! Write ! wrilo ! write ! (Tho Parson cried aloud ;t Sewing, at once, with a double thread, A suriiion and a shroud. Write ! write ! write! Like a man doing penance fur crime-Write! write ! write ! Like n man that gets bread by rhyme. Tell and conic it and theme And theme and contest and text-Till I've splashed with ink half a ream, And still with doubt am vexed. Write ! write ! write ! Till the brain is hot and numl And write ! Write ! write ! Till every fingers a thumb. And oh! there's one thought so drear, That makes my llesh to creeH li is that calves' head should be so dear, , And human brains so cheap ! Oil, but for one month's spur Of leisure from book nnd pen ! Sin hour to lisb for the tinny race, But only to fmh for men ! A lilllc crying would ease my heart, And eke my head, I think, Hm my tears must stop, for every drop Makes s blur on the fresh-laid ink. With brains all weary uud worn. In aliunde most irruiosqiit, And a study-gown failed ami torn, The Parson iite ut bis desk. Write ! write ! write ! Like a horse that goes round in a mill' Ami still with a sort of a deiiion-Mcrowh, (Would that it riiiifht all parishioners reuch !) He sang the Smig uf the tu ill ! HAYNi:, Till-: MAKTVR OF THE flOLTIL An Kxriting Historical Incident. Them is a gloom to-day in Charleston. I It is nut ulcn n great city feels, but when this grent ' heart nf humanity, whose ever; pulsation is a life, can feel, the result is more terrible than the bloodiest battle. Yes, when those arteries of a city, its streets and lanes, atid alleys, thrill with the same feeling -when like an electric chain, it darts invisibly from one breast to another, until it swells ten thousand hearts, the result is terrible. 1 care not whether that feeling is manifested in a riot, that fills the streets with the blood of men and women and little children, that lire the roof over tho head of the innocent babe, or sends tho church of God whirling in smoke and Dame to thu midnight sky ; or whether that feeling is manifested in tho silence of thousands, the bowed head, the compressed lip, the stealthy footstep, itill it ia fearful thing to witness. 1 here is a giuoiu to-uay in Charleston. A dead awe reigns over the city. F.very face vou see is stamped with gloom ; men go silently by, with anguish iu their hearts and eyes. Women are weep ing in their darkened chamber; in the church old men aru kneeling before tho allur, praying in low, deep, muttered tones. 1 ho very soldiers whom you meet, clad in their British uniform, wear sadness on their faces. These men, to whom murder is sport, are gloomy to-day. The citizens pass hurriedly to and fro; cluster in groups, whisper together, and glide silently into their unities. The stores are closed to day as though it were Sunday. The windows uf those houses are closed as though some great man were departed there is silence in tho air, us though a plague had despoiled the town of its beauty and Us manhood. ine Itntisn banner stained as it is with tho best blood of tho Palmetto Slate st ems to partake of tho intiuonce oi ine hour ; lor, 'looting from yonder staff, it does not swell buoyantly upon the breeze, but drops heavily t the ground. the only sound you hear, save the hurried tread of tho citizens, are the low, solemn notes uf the dead march, groaning from niullled drums. W liy all this gloom that oppresses the heart and fills the eyes Why do whig aud lory, citizen and soldier, share this gloom alike.' Why this silence, this awe, this sadness t Look there, in the centre of the common, deserted by every human thing; behold rising in lonely hide-ousnes, behold a Hallows. What does that gibbet there blackening in ihe morning sun : Come with me into yonder mansion, whose roof rises proudly over all other roofs. Vp those carpeted stairs into this luxurious chamber, whose windows are darkened by hangings of satin, whoe walls are covered with tapestry, whose apartments are filled with elegant furniture. All is silent in this chamber A single glow of morning light steals through tho parted curtains of yonder window. Beside thai window, with his back to the light, Ins face in tho shadow, as though ho wished to hide certain dark thoughts frotn the light, nils a man, his handsome form arrayed in a British uniform. Ho is young, but there is tho gloom of ago upon that woven brow ; there is the resolve of murder upon that curling lip. His attitude is significant. Ilia head inclined to one side the cheek resting on the left hand, while the right grasps a parchment which bears his i if nature, the ink not yet dried. I he parchment is a death warrant. If you will look closely upon that red uniform, you will seo that it ia stained with the blood of Panli, whre the cry for "quartet" wns answered by the falling sword and the reeking bayonet. Yrs, it is none other than General Groy, the butcher of Paoli. transformed by tho accolade of his King into Lord Rawdon. While he is there by tho window grasping that parchment in his hand, (tie door otcns, a strange group stand disclosed on tho threshhold. A woman ami three children, dressed in black stand there, gazing upon thu English Lord. They slowly advance ; do you behold the pale face of that woman, her eves, large nn uara, not wet Willi tears, hut elir- ing with speechless awe! On mm aide a little eirl with brown ringlels, on the other, her sister one year oiocr, wiin mi onir n-iicring pallid lace. Somewhat in front, his young form rising to every inch of its heiirbl, stands a boy of thirteen with cites- nut curls clustering about his (air countenance. You can see Ihat dark eye Hash, that lower he silently confront Lord Rawdon. The woman I use ttiat word, for to nie it ex pre cs nil that is pure in passion or holy in humanity, while your word lady, means nothing but ribbons and millinery tho woman advances and encirekd by these children, stands before that gloomy lord. o I havo come," she speak in a voice that striken you with its music and tendeuiess, havo come to ;dend tor my brother a life ! " She does not sny, behold my brother's children, but mere uiey nre, anu llio bnglisli lord beheld them Tears, were coursing down the cheek of those little girls, but tho eyn nf the woman is not dim. Tho buy of thirteen looks intently in Ihecyo of ihe Briton, his under lip quivers like a leaf. For a single moment thai proud lord raises his head survevs the group, and then you hear his deep yet " Madam your brother swore allegiance to Ins Ma testy, ami was afterwards taken its arms teams his King. Do is guilty n treason, and must endure Ihe hp quiver, The visiters of Williams and Mary College hsvo elected Dr. Ilawes, of New Orleans, a diMiiiiiniidird Episcopal clergyman, fonnly of N. York, to the pies- might to be set constantly ami renewed when Uie lime j " ","UI" i loses its strength, lmn fences nre Incoming common, and wilt soon lie made rheajHT lluiu they have been in the t Willed States. A patent has been recently secured for a cast mm fence of peculiar construction. Tin fence is without nails, pins or bolts of any kind, and Ihe advantage are durability nnd economy. This fence may to constructed as a M'rmatif nl or hurdle i nee, of all mm, of durability and ornamental, or of part wood and part iron, nr all wood and allaehed In (he iron H)sts, on one and the snute principle. I'tltthurh tint. To uvr hip nr Furs. Sol several plates or parcels of ( hloride of l.tme in different purls of the store or house, and in a day or two you will find yourself rid ot these troublesome insects almost toireilicr. Il penally, and that you well, know ia death." 44 But, my lord, ' said the brave woman, standing creet, her beauty shining more serenely in that mo-mcnl nt he rniam, ynu well know tho circumstances under which he swore allegiance, lie a citnon of South Carolina, an American, wu dragged from the bedside of a dying wife, and hurried to Charleston, where this language wa held by your officers Take Ihe oath of allegiance and return to the lied si do of your dying wife ; mfuse and wo will consign you lo gaol !' This, my lord when ho was not free to act. ah. no! but when his wife lay dying of that fearful disease, small pox, which hud already destroyed two of his euiiuren. now could ho act otherwise than lie didf how could he refuse tu take yourith In this esse, would you my lord, would any man refuse tu do the same Sidl the silent children stood there before him. while the clear voica of the true woman pierced his soul ' Your brother is condemned to death !" ho coldly said, turning his head away, o lu dies at noon can do nothing for you.' miciitiy ine woman, bidding a little girl by each hand, sank on her knees, but ihe boy uf thirteen stood erect. Do you see that group? Tlm hands uprais. ed, ihe tones of those sweet girls mingled in one rry for mercy, while the Briton looks on the in with a face of imn, and the boy of thirteen siands erect, no tear in his eye, but a convulsive tremor on his lip ! Then tho tears of that woman come at last; then as thu fuco of ihat stern man glooms before her, she take the little- hands of tho girls within her own, aud lilta them to his knees and begs him to spare tho father's hie. Not a word from the English Lord. The boy still firm, erect and silent, no tear dims the eye which glares steadily in the face of tho tyrant. "Ah, you relent?" shrieks that sister of the con-detuned man. 44 You will not deprive these children of a father you will not cut him off in the prime of manhood, by thin hideous death! As you hope for mercy iu your last hour, be merciful now spare my brother and not a heart in Charleston but will bless you spare him fur the sake of his children !" "Madam," was the cool reply, 44 Your brother has been condemned to die. 1 can do nothing fur you. lie turned away and held the parchment before his eyes. At last the stern heart of the boy was melted. There was a spasmodic motion about his chest, his limbs shook, he stood for a moment like a statue, and then fell on his knees, seizing the right hand of Lord Rawdon, with his trembling ringers. Lord Rawdon looked down upon that young faco shadowed with chestnut curls, as the small hands clutched his wrist, and an expression of surprise canto over bis face. 44 My child," said he, 44 1 can do nothing for you.'' lie silently rose. He took a sister by each hand. There was a wild look in bis young eye a scorn of defiance on his lip. 14 Come sisters, let us go " Ho said thin and led those fair ffirls toward tho door. followed by the sister of the condemned. Not a word was said but ere they passed from tho room, that truo woman looked back into the face of LordRaw-den. Ho never forgot that look. They were gone from ihe room, and he slood alono before that window, with the sunlight pouring over his guilty brow. Yet it is necessary to make an example ! This rebellion must bo crushed; these rebels taught submission ! The death of this man will strike terror into their hearts. They will learn at last, that treason ia no trifling game ; that the rope and tho gibbet will reward each rebel for his crimo !" P or Lord Rawdon. Tho streets were now utterly deserted. Not a citi zen, a soldier, nor even a negro was seen. A silence like death rested upon the city. Suddenly the sound of the dead march was henrd. and yonder behold the only life throughout this widu ciiy. un yonder common, around that gibbet, is gathered a strangely contrasted crowd. Tbero is the negro, the outcast of society, the British ollicer iu Ins uniform, the citizen iu his plain dress. All arc grouped together in that crowd. In the centre of that dense mass, besides that horse and cart, one foot resting on that coffin of pine, stands the only man in this crowd with an uncovered brow. He stands there, an image of mature manhood, with n muscular frame, a clear, full eye, a bold forehead. His cheek is not pale, nor his eye dim. He is dressed neatly in a suit of dark velvet, made after the fashion of llio tune ; one hand inserted in his vest, rests upon his heart. Above his head dangles the rone. Near his back stands that figure with the craped face, around are the llntiflh soldiers, separating the condemned from llio crowd. Among that rude band of soldiers, not an ye but is wot with tears. 1 he brave ollicer there, who hascharirc of thj mur der, pulls his chapeau over his eyes, to shield them from the sun, or can il be lo hide his tears. All is ready, lie has bidden his last farewell to is sisters, his children, in yonder gaol ; he has said his last word tu his noble boy, pressed his last kiss upon the lips of those fair girls. All is ready for tho murder. At this moment a citizen advances, his face convul sed with emotion 44 1 lay no," he speaks in a choking voice, show thorn how an American can die." 44 1 will endeavor to do so," was the reply of the loomed man. At this moment the hangman advanced, and placed the cap over his brow. A cry was heard in the crowd, a footstep, and those soldiers sank back before a buy of thirteen, w ho rushed forward. "Father," he shrieked, an ho beheld the condemn ed with a cap over Ins brow. tine groan arose Irom that crowd a simultaneous expression of horror. Phe father drew his cap from his brow ; beheld tho wild face, the glaring eyes of his son. 44 Uud bless you, my son, he spoke, gathering that young form to his heart. 44 Now go and leave your father lo his fate. Return when lam dead receive my body, and have it buried by my forefathers ! " As tho boy turned and went thro' tho crowd, tho father sic p cd into the cart. There was a pause, as though every man in the crowd had suddenly turned into stone. The boy looked back but once, only once, and then beheld ah, I dare not speak, it, for it chills tho blood in my veins ho beheld that manly form susiendcd to the gibbet, with Iho cap over his brow, while tho distorted face glowed horribly in Uie sun 1 hat was his lather ! That boy did not shriek, or groan, hut instantly liko a light extinguished suddenly the fire left his eyes, the color Ins cheek. His lips opened in a silly smile. The first word he uttered told tho story My father!" he cried, and then pointed to tlio body and broke into a laugh. Oh; it wan horrible, thu laugh, so hollow, shrill. and wild, The child of the martyr was an idiot. mm, as ihe crowd gathered around him, as kind hands bore lum away, that pale face was turned over his shoulders towards the gallows. iiy tamer : And still that laugh was borne nwem the fsreeie. even to tho gihltet's timbers, whore, iu hideous mockery, a blackened but not dishonored thing, swung the uooy oi tne martyr, itayno. 1 his death will sin an terror into the heart of the rebels ! . Poor Ixrd Rawdon ! Did that man in his fine uniform, forget that Uie voice nf the martyr's blood can never dt f 1 hat death will strike terror into the heart of tho rebels ! It amused ouo feeling of abhorrence through tho whole south. It took down a thousand ritlea from thu hooks altovo the fireside hearths. It turned many a doubting heart to the cause nf freedom; nay,tories by hundreds came Hocking up to the camp of liberty. The blood of JIayne took root and grew into an army. there came a day when tieorge ashinglon, bv the conquest of Yorklown, had in his possession tho ' murderer who did this deed. Lord Cornwalln, who condemned and commanded it Lord Rawdon, who signed the death warrant. Here was a glorious chance Tor Washington, to avenge the martyr llayno, who had been choked l death by these men The feeling of the aruiy tho voice oi America nay certain voices that spoke in the British Parliament would have justified the deed. Tho law of nations would have proclaimed in a holy act. put now uia tvasmugion actr He lrt each murderer to God and his own conscience. He showed the whole world a sublime manifestation of forgiveness nnd scorn. Forgiveness for this humiliating Cornwalha, who, so fnr Irom bearing Washington to Imdon a prisoner in chains, was now a conquered man in the mntsl of his capiivo army. Hut this Lord Rowdon, who, captured by a French vessel, was brought to York town, this armslrd murderer, who skulked about the camp, and object of universal loathing, how did Washington treat him He scorned him too much to lay a hand upon his head ; from tho fulness of contempt he permitted him lo lire. Poor Lord Rawdon. Who hears Ins name now, save as an object forgotten in ihe universality ot scorn. Rut the martyr where is the heart that does not throb al the inuntioii of Ins fate, at the name of Issao llayne I The Wires and other apparatus of the Telegraph an exciting considerable dikcussmn ntnong our fellow citizens With tho, by far Ihe larger part, who view it und.-rstanduigly, there aro some gentlemen who mo perfectly incredulous of all its boaated capacity, for he trnntmisvion of news. One citizen, after review ing it awhile, in company with a few of his friends and after listening to their remarks upon its wnndemus character, thu gave utterance to Ins sontiinonln. " Tho fellers tuny say what they please about this 'em wire thing, but tliey ain't a going to gum mo, none i f em. I II tell you what boy, 1 ve got the best farm in --- Tu, I mrknn; now I'll jest go and give the ehaa a lino to Wheeling and 7 put my primttt mark im t, n yo see, anu i it got into the stage, and tf ilon t gel tli.tr lust, llien 1 lteslgm em, inu larin that l all." Another man thought u ihey could get Ihe news down well enough from Pittsburgh to Wheeling, cause it was going ifWaj stream, but he din'lll believe they could send it from Wheeling bore to quick, (As hills were so itemed hard ! Another man is of the opinion that there is not utiito room enough through the glass, in which the iro rests, to sllow the passage of any message uuless it is folded ap very snug ! '.tins. Courier. DrnsiTion nr a "CintiiMSTAiti-K." The Mil-wauk'O Gazette is responsible for the following: " Wo have hoard many strange epithet applied to Father Ritchie,' but never l-lnr beard him called a circumstance, ' as ho is by Gen. Co in hi luminous letter lo the Chicago Convention. Wo shall look for a long article in the Union, denying that the editor is a circumstance." The agyregile amount nf the debts of all the Htatoa is -'Hi,M1?:M;i ; the annual interest on which is $1(1,-