Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1844), 1845-06-12

              THE OHIO STATE JOURNAL 0 VOLUME VIII. CO LUMBUS, THURSDAY, JUNE 12, 1845. NUMBER 190. PUBLISHED ON TUESDAYS, THUKSIMYS AND SATURDAYS, BY CHARLES SCOTT & CO. Or kic k southeast comer of High street auil Sugar alley. T.KK.MS. Daily during the session of llio Legislature, and tn-weokly the remainder ol thcyeur,.. $5 00 Tri-wi-ckly per annum 4 00 Weekly per unniti 2 00 "M'rrmt of lilrrrlhiug. Twelve lines or less, one or three insertions, $1, su'l -5 cents for each additional insertion lor three nionlhs 5 lor six months $11 lor twelve mouths 1'.! Longer advertisements ill the snmo proxiriioti, with a deduction ol 2P pur cem. on the uniount over $'Z0 in six mouths. Thc number of insertions must be marked at the end of all advertisements, or they will be continued until ordered out, . and charged accordingly. By Ihe IVnr. r-'nr twelve lines $12 fourth of a column $20 half column JS-iO whole column $10. IrtASOMC t'AI.BNDKU- s.U5. Regular meeting at 7 o'clock, P. At. Coi.vMnus Louok, Sd and 4th Tuesdays of each month. Colvmiius Ciiaptkh, lit Saturday of each mouth. Columbus Council, 1st Friday of each month. Mt. Veukok Encampment, hut Saturday of each month. d)AKKK AND Kll.l:v, ft Mr gran rtiele, Co-) i.um litis, O The undersigned inform their friends and l'ublic.lhal they aro prepared to execute all orders in the line ol their profusion, at tho shortest notice, and I'l'OM the LATLST and MOST Al'l'ltOVKD 1'ltlNCII'I.K.H. TEKTII. from one to a full set, inserted on (iOl.l) J'LATE unpn the principle of Atmospiikkic I'hkssukk. Having receutlymadc a verv important invention in the art of adapting the I'lulu lo the (iiims, which enables us to warrant I'lato wurk in all cases to answer the purposes of mastication, and in point of durability, noaluessuf lit, and elegance of finish, euual, if mil superior to any other establishment. EXI'Oril'.l) NKIIVKS destroyed irili.iur pain by a si tint.!: application. Diseases ofthe Teeth and Cuius cured. Teelh tilled, in almost every instanco without pain, cleaned, and set on pivots, aud Wahrantmi pkhmanknt. 117" (Charges so moderate that Dental operations arc placed within the meaus of every person. UK! tRKN( f.s. (!ov. Hordecai Hartley, Hon. Sam'l (inllowny , Hon. J. W. ltilev, 'ol. Sain'l Medary, Dr. (Carter, (Columbus. Dr. Wm. II. Murdoch, Springfield, O. (ten. A. II. I'nllersoii, Delaware, O. Isaac J. Allen, Ksip, Mansfield, O. ('. It. Deniing, Ashland, Ulchlaiid CO., O. Jungs innate, iililun, i I'm Cooko, Ksi., Sandusky Cily, O. (Jeorge Allcu, (Jircleville, O. JanlL.d y To the M'rofrfloM, , We keep on hand a large stock of Dr. Al.corK's PRE MU M TKET11, which we will sell nt his New York prices. Cninineul upon the quality of these Teeth is deemed super-fluoiis.Also, on hand, GOLD ami SILVER PLATE, rolled lo nnv thickness (iOl.l) and HILVEIl SOLDKKS, and (it)Ll, .SILVER audTIN FOIL, or asuprrior quality; and R siiierior article of WASH for Diseased (hum. with TOOTH roW DDIt.S of various kinds, as low as can be Ought elsewhere iu the Slate. JOHN W. BAKF.R, WM. WII.LSIIIKK RILEY. burgeon and Mechanical Dentist. Orrirp, one door north of the Neil House, Columbus, Ohio. Novaf,, HU4..t-wly. (J I'll l AS & CO. l-erwnrrfiHi and t'enimi-O. slow Merrhaai lieHernl I'redMee ISenlrra, Agents I'orN. York and iliifl'alo Lake lloal line; John Allen's flinioa line, and Ohio and N. York line, on the Erie Canal; T. Itirhmond ft Cn.'s Diamond Line, on the Okio Canal. While Ware-Ilouso, West cud JSnoio Bridge, Columbus, Ohio. Refer to Messrs. Cowing. Richmond, Williams A Co., N. Y. City. " Kiunc, Davis V Co., Itufl'alo, New York. " (iordon, Williams & (Co., Detroit, Michigan. " Thomas Richmond & Co., Cleveland. Ohio. " A. Ctdwalladcr Ar. (Co., Zanesville.Ohio. " Young tt Filch, Newark, Ohio. " J. W. I'inloy ct (Co.,l'irrleville,Ohio. Mr. M. R. llartlell.Chilllrolhe.Ohio. Messrs. ('onwar & Kobiuson, Portsmouth, Ohio. m," A,''l,l'r"y?C10,. I Columbus, Ohio. 1 fios. Moodie, Cashier, ' (I T Liberal advances will be niadt on all (Consignments. if required. May I, 11144. .tf. NKW KSTAHMilH.ncnT.-UKOKtiCJ.I'ULiH. Copper, Tin aud Sheet Iron Ware Manufacturer, rcl speetl'ulfy inlorms the eitireni of (Columbus and vicinity tha-ho has opened a shop on High street, five doors South ol Town street, where he will kecpeonstaully onlianu afulland general assorlmenlof Tin Ware. All kinds (Copper work made to order. Tin (iuilers, Leaders and Kuoling niadein good style by esperienred workman. Orders thankfully received and punctually attended lo. Particular attention given to jobbing. Columbus, June 21, 11144. 811, KKsrilTH anil Jeweller ItesHavrd. The snhseriber has removed his establishment next door to Mr. Hrlineider's Confectionary, opposite Ihe City House, where he will seep na hand a cooil assortment ol wlce,jew lrv. Ate., which he will sell verv chean. Kepairing of all kinds attended to on the shortest notice, a nil work warranted, s the subscriber is determined loselllower than any body else, and do his work belter anil cheaper than any other person, he hones to receive a share of natronare. The punlicare invited to call, and be satisfied by seeing for tliemselves. S. BUCK. May J.1, 1044. S"talllKT "IAKIKU. The subscriber respectfully J informs his friends and the public that he continues lo farrv on the Uaiuncl making business at Ins saopon "K" l reel, be l ween Town and liirh strrels.and has aiwavs ol hand, and will make lo order, all kinds of Furniture, which he will warrant epial to any onered in Ihe place. H i lie fans an exrelleal IIKAKAK, and is prepa. red to make COFFI.NS and allead Funerals on the shortest olire. (Coffins of all kinds kept on hann. 'Verm nrv rcasonaat.and suited lo the limes. Orders for any article in his line willneel with prompt allention. A. W. READER Columbus, Not. 8, 1812. .dlf DIA flOl SIIOB UTOUIC.JoHS Josis, would rcsnrctfullr announce le Ihe eititens of Columbus and Tii iniiv, thai he has removed from the sign of the Golden Hoot, lo his old stand on High street, near Ihe corner of rriend. where he has on hand the largest assortmcnlor I'nson made Roots and Shoes now in the city, which be offers fur sale, wholesale or retail, at prices In suit the times. Country merchants would do well lo call and examine bis slock, before purchasing elsewhere. The Craft may always be supplied wuh Leather, and all kinds of Findings and Kil, by calling al the Diamond Shot Ntore. Particular allention paid lo filling orders from abroad. N. B. C'tiMma Work and Repairing done lo order on Ihe snonesi possmie notice. rco. zr, tnr. "DAINTINK DUKAND A. WIS WALL continue Ihe J. Paintinr business in all its various branches. Room in the Eschangc Block, 3d story, over Gere's Iron Store. Signs in every style of letters, on the shortest notice. Imitations of wood and marble in a superior sljle. Transparent Window Curtains, a splendid article, al all prices sample can be a a i tneir rooas. All work promptly attended lo. ALBERT DURAND, April 17. .tf. GEO. WISWALL. I? A. HUNT, 65, Milk ttrtet, llvtton. Commission Mer- X ehanl lor the sale of rs.s Turns. Literal cash advan ces made oa consignments, and all sales cashed. Merchants who are in ihe babil of shipping llwir Feathers east, and are wiihing an agent in Boston, are respectfully so- iirneo io avail memseives ol ine opportunity. Refer lo George II. Gray, Co. Boston. " B..lkley Claflia, NVw York. " John Miller, Esq., Columbus. Bolton, April 2G, lt)lj..t-w j j. MANSION HOUSE CinnmiATi, O., Main . opjo site Itie four t Home. This Hotel having passed mlo Ihe hands of Ihe undersigned, is now undergoing a thorough repair throughout Ihe whule eslatilishmeut, the refilling beiug of iho most approved modern sty le. jk'ing situated in the central part of the city, il will he an attractive aud convenient slopping place for business men. The proprietor will spare no pmns in making his guests leel nt home. His experience in tins line during a long resilience wilh his brother of the American Hotel, Columbus, O., rentiers il certain thai Ihe Mansion House will not be interior lo any house iu the west. My old acquaintance are invited to call and see me. Cincinnati, March III. .if. CIIAUNCKY KELSEY. TVJ OTICE. Having sold my entire slocH of Hardware to X l Messrs. (iere. Abboit At Co., all persons knowing themselves indebted to me w ill please take notice, that I preler that the accounts should be paid to me, rather than the proper officers. LUCIAN 1IUTTLES. We have purchased Mr. Bullies' stork of Hardware and rented the loro for a term ol years. In a few days we expert to receive n fresh supply of goods, purchased by an experienced hand, which wll make our sluck large and well assorted. We are disposed to sell goods at fair rates, and in-vite ihe former customer of the place, and all purchasers of Hardware, to call at ihe sigu of Ihe (lilt Padlock and examine our goods and prices. GERE, AliUOTT i. CO. May 3. S TOP THAT HALL litterttting. to those perum tha practice economy John A. lUitvr.r, Itookbuider, is determined to do nil kinds of Bookbinding in the best style, and at lower prices limn has been charged heretofore in this cily. He will also keep on hand a general assortment of Blank books of various qualities and kinds, such as are in general use. All kind of blank work made up and forwarded on short notice. April 2'J. NEW LAW BOOKS. Vesey, Jr., Clmueery Reports, 20 vols., n new Americnn cdiiiou, from the Inst Loudon edition, wilh the Notes of Francis Vcscy, Jr., Esq., and Ihe extensive Annotations of John K. Hoveuden, Esq ; the whole edited with Notes and Uelereuccs to American Law, and subsequent English Decisions, by J. C. Perkins and Chas. Sumner, Enqs. English Chancery Reports, Vols. 1,2,3,4, 14, and 15, now published verbatim, w ilh Notes and References lo English aud Americnn Decisions, by John A Dunlap, Esq.,Couusellur nl Law. Two English volumes in one American. Brown (Chancery Reports, 4 vols. li st Ameriran cdilion, wilh extensive Notes and References, by J. ('. Perkins, Esq. Barbour's Chancery Practice, 1 vols. ,n new American work, with an extensive collection of precedents not to be lound iu any other work. English Common Lnw Reports, Vol. 43, containing the cases determined iu Ihe Courts of t be Queen's Bench and (Common Pleas, in Easter Term anil Vncaiion, Trimly Term and Vacation, and Micha'lmas Term mid Vacation, IIIIJ, (V and VI Victoria.) The above English Chancery Reports arc the best editions, ami Ihe chenjiest ever published in America. They arc constantly supplied with all the Reports of the various Slnles as sihui as published. Just received and for stile by II. W. DERBY iV CO., 11.1 Mains!., Cincinnati, May (i. Law Booksellers and Publishers. ATWOOD V. CO.. No. Hi Market st , Philadelphia, in Vila Ihe altcnlioiiof Ihe meichanlsof Ohio to ilieirslock of Kohkiun anii Domestic Dky Goons. They are now receiving from abroad, and from Ihe numerous inimulhrtories in (he city and vicinity, greal varieties of goods especially adapted lo the western irailu. In several desirable articles, they can give important advantages to their customers, and they believo all their prices will be found second lo none iu cheapness. Jnii2"2. .wl-w&dlf. OPI.E.NDID LOTTERIES. J. O. UliEUUliY O CO., Manager. .'10,0110 nollnra. Alrxnndrin f.oiierr. (Class 21. for IB15. lo he drawn in Alexandria, D. C, on Saturday, June 14, IlilO. SPLKMIUII C APITALS. fl.T(l.(X)0 RI(),li(L'li.(KSi s'.'i.OIIO-Sl.fSIO S.1.970 S prizes of giW) 6 of Jtl rlKi of jtl,(HI0 '-'i of JitSllO of y.tHI, Ac, &.C 7A Nos. l;l drawn ballots. Tick ets only Jj 1(1 Halves, $3 Quarters, Ji'i.NL Certificates of Packages of 2.r Whole Tickets, , JIJ0 iS Halves, fOS 'i5 Quarters, J(.,o0. $.'10,000 ! AlexniMlrirs I.ellerr, Class 2.'), for IfilA. lo ha drawn in Alexandria, 1. C, on Saturday, June SI, III 10. CHEAT SrHKMrt. KOO.flOO IO,nfK 4.;i7 i prizes of SrOOSof St.. ooo in of jj(i,floo s of jjM,ooo 5o of jjiiitio .itiof gm, Ate, Ae 7il Nos. 12 ballots. Tickets 10 Hulvcs, 5 Quarters, $2,50. I eniliCHles of I'ncknges ol 20 Whole Tickets, J 110 2b Halves, 570 'iti (tuarlers, gXi, 10,000. Alexandria I.etirrr, (Class ". for inf.1), lo be drawn in Alexandria, l. C, on Saturday, June 211, liifj. SPLKKIlin PRI7KS. g Mi.ono g5,nn 511,0011- () j? i.nm j.i.oon 52,(i2)l ?l,ft0li ii prres of jfl .ISU 'il of tfCsiO, cVc, &c. 7.ri Nos. 13 ballots. Tickets 10 Halves, 5 Quarters, 52.30. Certificates of Packages of 23 Whole Tickets, J130 25 Halves, gujtr Quarters, 5.12,30. Orders tor Tickets ami Shares and Certificates of Packages in the above Splendid Lotteries will receive Ihe most prompt attention, and an official account of each drawing sent immediately after it is over to all who order from us. Address J. G. GREGORY (CI I.. Manner, May 27. H asiingfrm City, l. C. NEW BOOKS AGAIN. Goldsmith's Animated Nature, new cdilion. ' Willis' Poems, flvo. Pictorial History of the American Revolution, wilh several hundred engravings. The Naturalist's Library, containing scientific and popu-iar descriptions of man, quadrupeds, birds, fishes, reptiles and nsccis, with 'Its) engravings, McCulloch's Geographical Dictionary, 2 vols. 8vo. do Commercial do do Lives of the Presidents. Chillingworth's Works. Waldie's Select Library, 2 vols. Barnes' Notes on the Hook of Job, t vols. British Poets, Poets and Poetry of England. Just received at May 24 Itll.F.Y'S. NEW BOOKS, &c Thiers' Napoleon, Nos I and 2 Pirlorial Bible, Nos I to 21 Vtire. ..121 ,.2i Nos. 47 and 411 Shakspeare. ' Veronica, or the Free Court of Aaran............25 .oe, the History of two Lives. The Man-nt-Arms,hy James. Si. Patrick's Eve, by Charles Lever. Isabel; or, Trials of Ihe Heart. The Story of a Father from Punch..... 23 The Labors ol Hercules " 25 Heathen Mythology " 25 Complete Letter W ri'cr " 25 Natural History of Courtship " 25 l.nodon Medical Student " 15 Bowl of Punch " 25 P) croft's Course of English Reading 12 h Comic Blacksione, No. 2 Ii Mrs. Peck's Pudding; by Tom Hood.... 2.1 Maunder's Treasury of History, No. 1 and 2 '25 Jusl received by May 6. I. PL WHITINO At HUNTINGTON. UNITED S. EXPLORING EXPEDITION. Congress Edition ft Super Royal llo vols...... J'J) IS) Also, a fine edition. .f.. do. do...Rvo. " ...... 25 00 " " 5 flvo. ' 10 00 For Sale at J. 11. KILEY'S Book and I'aoer Ware fooms. Alay 30. KOFK A.IS (ORDlliK FACTOnVMns. E. J. Mimil.iTo will continue the above business, carried on in I bis city by her late husband for ten years past. Tlie work will be executed by the same foreman and hands who have been engaged in the Koicwalk for lire last two years ; and Ihe public may be aonrcd lhat all descriptions nl Hope and Twin, fled cord. Plough lint; e , tec., will he made promptly to ortler and in Ihe same siqicrior style which has heretofore given so much satislaci ' . Aug. 13, lull.. In if. OHIO STATE JOURNAL. From Chambers' Journal. Bookselling after the Invention of Printing. Some tune between ihe years 1IC!0 and 1445, there lived in Maycnce a rich goldainillt, whose mime wag John Fusttir Futist, the first intin who sold a printed hook. Hid nniiiu Itns always been accociutedtl with Unit of Gtittenberg and SchocUur as one of the tri-renor of Printiiijj ; but, as is reusoimbly lo be inferred, erroneously ; for in all evidence wilh which tlio annals of typography supply us, hu appears as the cupitalist by whose pecuniary advantages Gut-teuberjr was able to bring; his art into practical operation. Having- vainly endeavored to produce pood prims in Strolsburg, after expending a fortune, Gut-tenhcrg returned to his native town, Maycnce, and opened his mind to Faust. The Goldsmith manifestly a shrewd man of business saw, from the pro gress his fellow citizen had made in his new method of producing books, that the thing wai likely to turn out a good speculation and warmly embarked in it. a paruiersinp was speedily entered into, and in 141 a printing press was set up in Mnyence, for taking impressions from the wooden blocks, wilh which Giilteubcrg commenced his art. The goldsmith and his ossociuto worked in secret, and for some time without success : till Peter Schoclfer, an illuminator of manuscripts, and a confidential person in their employ, hit upon the expedient of making moveable metal types by means ot punches und matrices. Faust was sn delighted with SchoclTtT for Ins inue- nuity, that ho not only took him into partnership, but gave him his daughter in marriage. This happened in Mo.;. Alucli patience and capital were expended even after this advance mode in the art by Peter Schooner. The first book lliev tried the new svstem on was the Latin Bible, and before twelve sheets of it lind bt on printed, Gutteiibcrg and Faust had expended upwards of 4000 llorins. Still they persevered, aud ufter three years of laborious exertion the Iitble was completed. A good number of this the firatofall first editions having been struck oil' ready for the market, the next thing was to devise means fur disposing of them, and it was determined llmt Faust should travel with copies, calling litem miwu-smils. "It is certain," says Lamhiiiel, ''thut Faust, Schneirer, nnd their partners, sold or exchanged in Germuny, Italy, Fiance, and the most celebrated u-nivcrsities, the books which tliny lind printed." This was a mailer of very great ditlicttlty and delicacy. The process by which the books were produced was a secret, which every person whom Gtittenberg or Faust took into their employ was bound by oath not to divulge j to say that Iho Dtblcs were produced otherwise than by the usual plan, would liuve partly divulged the secret, and it was for that reason lhat the whole of thuir work was executed in exact imitation of writing. The llihlo wos printed on parchment, the capital letters illuminated with blue, purple, and gold, after tlio manner of ancient manuscripts, and they we -e sold as such nt manuscript pricu namely, sixty crowns. About the year Mia, Faust set out on abook-selling expedition through Italy, Germany, nnd finally to Paris, with a slock in trade, consisting cluelly of bibles and psalters. In each place there is every reason lo believe ho not only busied himself in selling his bibles and psalters, but organized agencies for the salo of his wares in his own absence. Having disposed of ns many of his folios as he could to the Purisians at sixty crowns, ho unwisely perhaps reduced their price, first to forty, and then to twenty crowns. This naturally excited the apprehension and tha ire of the li'ininei and scribes, of whom Paris was at that period the head quarters, thero being no fewer than six thousand persons who subsisted by copying and illuminating manuscripts. It was not in mil u re that this large and important body who held their privileges under the university should sit tamely by and see a man selling for twenty crowns what they got from sixty lo a hundred for. The rapidity with which Faust produced his pscudo-nianuscripts, so as to supply the constant demands which his low charges produced on his stock gate rise to a suspicion that ho dealt with the Evil One. This suspicion was strengthened when the transcriberswho were principally monks set about comparing the various copies of Faust's bibles. They found a degree of resemblance in each of the books even to the minutest dot which they concluded could only have been produced by supernatural means. The enmity of the scribes against Faust as an underselling bookseller, now threatened to become ft religious persecution. The fraud once dis covered, however, Faust's case was taken up by the civil power, and ho was obliged to fly from Paris, to escape the otlicers ot justice. J la returned to May. ence, but found no rest there: wherever he had sold his books, he had of course practised deception, and the agents of justice were equally clamorous for him in ins native town. In the meanwhile, Maycnce wns taken by storm by Adnlplius of Nassau. Ry this event Fnust and Schocller's journeymen were dispersed, and deeming themselves absolved from their oath of secrecy, they carried the invention into various parts of Europe, many ol them setlingup presses of their own. I hen, and not until then, Faust made a merit of necessity, and wrote and circulated a work in which lie described the whole process by which his books were executed. That there should be no further doubt or ambignity as to whether the productions of himself and partners were manuscripts or print, he placed at the end of his little book, the following colophon or inscription: "This present work, with all its embellishments, was done, not with the pen and ink, but by a newly invented sit of casting letters, printing, etc., by me, John Faust, and my son-in-law, Peter SchoelTer, in the famous city of Mentz upon the Rhine." In this, as in every olher instance, honesty proved to be the best policy; for now that Faust had cleared up the mystery, he was no longer pursued as an impostor; and ultimately we find him in 14'rfi in Paris, making arrangements for establishing a permanent agency for the sale of iho productions of his own ant his son-in-law's press. This, as we shall presently sen, he efiected. In the midst of his labors, however, death overtook hiin. In lhat year the plague raged in the French capital, and John Faust fell a victim to it, far away from his home aud hi friends. Such is a bare outline of the career of one of the This lliblc the first perfect printed book lhal ever was issued was a folio, in two volumes, con sitting of bVTi reaves. printed in large (iothic or (ierman characters. It has no dale, and is known by bibliopolists as the " Maiarine Bible." a coov of H havinr been discovered, long after it was mint ed. Ihe library of Cardinal Mazarmo, in the College dn 'Inartrt nation, several niner copies nave since turned up. It is executed with wonderful nrrtiraey and rreatueM considering it was toe first speciinea of tl press. parents of printing, and the sole father of modern book-selling. John Faust, (otherwise John Hand,) was the very reverse of such a necromancer, and personal friend of the Evil One as tradition and error have succeeded in picturing him. The truth is, he is often confounded with Jean-Frederic Faust, a charlatan aud Ahnanac-nmker, who lived about a century after the goldsmith's death, and upon whose history Goethe, the German poet, constructed his celebrated play. Nothing could be more opposite than the characters of the two men ; the one a plod-ding, yet with il liberal and far-sighted tradesman ; Ihe other a quack, but one, we may iimntion, not quite unconnected with the mysteries of the book-trade. To insure his almanacs a large sale, he advertised them as having been annually dictated to him by Beelzebub, The confounding of (he two men look its rise most likely from the cunning of the monks, after the Reformation; of which, there is no question, the diti'usion of the Bible, by means of the press, was tha primary cause. They therefore owed John Faust no good will for the part he unwittingly took in destroying their system, nnd tried to defame his memory by mixing up his life with that ot a mniinteuetiK. Tlio vcnerublo goldsmith, printer and hook-Beller, did not depart this life till he had placed the Paris agency on a secure footing. The name of the agent he employed was Herman de btatten, and the arcn- c' was carried on at the house of one John Guyuiicr, as wo learn Irom a curious document round in a copy of Faust and Schocller's edition of the Latin Bible, It is a deed of sale of the book to Tourneville, Bishop of Angicrs, and runs thus : "I, Herman, a German, workman of the honest and discreet John Guy-micr, sworn bookseller of Iho University of Paris, acknowledge to hive sold to the illustrious and learned master William, of Tourneville, archbishop and canon of Angicrs, my most respectable lord and master, a Bible printed at Mentz (Mayence) upon vellum, in two volumes, for the price nnd sum of forty crowns, which I have absolutely received, which also I ratify by these presents, promising lo abido by the same, and guaranteeing my lord, purchaser of the said Bible, against any one who would dispossess him. In ratification of.w.iich 1 hnvu hereunto allixed my seal, this fifth day of the month of April, iu the year of our Lord mcccclxx. Herman."By ih'n we perceive thit since they first c:mo into Paris, tlio printed Bibles were elevated in price. It happened, unfortunately, that 1 Ionium of Stat-ten failed to obtain any legal instrument of naturalization, in France; and when he died which he did in a few years after his muster, Fuust, his effects wore conliscaled as the projierty of a foreigner. The books intrusted to him by Schocft'er, nnd amounting in value to 1100 francs, were included in Iho confiscation. Schoefl'cr, however, obtained restitu tion through the liberality of 4uuis XI. It is a striking illustration of tlio value and scarcity of money at that period, that the King of France found il inconvenient to pay Iho sum equal only to 45, (is. 8d. at once; but did so in two yearly instalments ! Tlio distribution of Faust, SchoelTer, and Company's workmen at the siege of Mayence in l lfi'J, began by this time (1470) to operate throughout Europe, by supplying printers to various continental cities. At this early time most printers sold their own books: and if wo state the different periods at which printing was introduced into various couutncs, wo shall show also when books of print oegan to be sold in each place. The first introduction of this invention into Italy was at Subbiaco, in 1 lfT; into Paris, in 1 IG!; into England, (Westminster,) in 1474; in Spain, (Barcelona,) in 147,j; into Abyssinia, in 1521; into Mexico in IjoU; into tlio East Indies, (Goa,) in 1577; into Peru, (Lima,) in 15ti(i; into North America, (Cambridge, Boston and Philadelphia,) in 10-10. One of the most active of the German printers and booksellers, between 11?;) and 1513, was AnL Kober, al Nuremberg, who had 24 presses and nearly 100 workmen in his employ, and kept open shops at Frankfort, Lcipsic, Amsterdam, and Venice, all conducted with Iho greatest rcgulaiity and order. He had on salo not only works of his own publication, but also works of other publishers. At Ulrii and Basle there were likewise several book-sellers carrying on an extensive trade. The many pilifrimap;es (VVallfahrtcn) to holy places in the interior of Germanywhich were then ss much frequented as the sacred shrines in India, and are so still in some Roman Catholic countries otlercd them good opportunities for disposing of their books, particularly of those having a religious tendency, which were printed on cheap linen paper, instead of the expensive parchment tortncily in use. Wherever wo turn, we shall lind that, nnce introduced into a country, the press was kept in extraordinary activity, and books were spread in all directions. There wcie in England, from the time of Caxton to 1000, no fewer than three hundred and fifty printers. Ames and Herbert have recorded the titles of ten thousand different works printed here in the same interval; the yearly average number of dis tinct works issued and sold in the hundred and thirty years was seventy-five. The number of copies of each was, however, in all probability small, for the early book-sellers were cautious. Even Uralton only printed 500 copies of his complete edition of the Scriptures (that of .K)4:) and yet so great was the demand for the English Bible, that there arc still extant copies of 320 editions of it which were printed between 1520 and 1000. In Italy the works of the old clascic Roman au thors were rapidly printed, when means for doing so were introduced. In Switzerland, especially at uc- neva and Basle, a great number of books, clncHy of a religious character, were printed and sold immediately after presses were set up. Indeed, the trading talent of the Swiss manifested itself in the beginning of the sixteenth century very prominently in relation to books, for they supplied book-sellers even to Germany to which we must now return. In the dawn of literary commerce, wholesale trade, in whatever article, was chiefly conducted at fairs, which took place once, twice or thrice a year. To these great meetings manufacturers and agriculturists brought such produce as was of a perishable character, and which was purchased by retailers, who either came from different parts of the country, or employed local agents to purchase on their account Amongst other manufacturers, the printers brought their goods, which were bought by retailers, and dis tributed by them throughout the country. At first . i . . . :. nr I 1 11.. .-ii ... II I greatest qiinmuy Ol uinuvntliuio Plans - na m- sembled at the Frankfort fairs, where multitudes of stranger and merchants Diet. AnL Kober of Nuremberg, Ch. Plantin of Antwerp, and Strphanus ( Klienne) of Paris, ere recorded as booVaellers visiting the Frankfoit fair ss early as the year 1173. From this period Frankfort gradually become the great book mart. In 1520, Christopher Froschamer, from Balse, wrote to his principal, Ulrich Zwingli, . informing him of Ihe rapid and profitable sale of his books at Frankfort, lo persons who had sent for them from all parts. In 154!) Operin of Jlalse, publisher of the classics, visited Frankfort, and made a profitable speculation. At litis period appeared Luther, the great Champion of the Protestant world, protesting loudly and openly, both in speech and in writing, against the many abuses that had crept into the church of Rome; and the great cause of the Reformation, while it derived great assistance from the printing press, repaid this benefit by contributing largely to its developments and extension. Saxony, with its enlightened universities, (Wittenberg and Lcipsic,) now become the scat and centrul point of free theological discussion and investigation, and tho booksellers soon found it worth their while to visit also the Leipsic fair. Besides, the literary intercourse in that country was free and unfettered, whilst at Frankfort it had to contend in latter years, with several difficulties arising from the peculiar situation of a smaller state, and the restrictions and vexations of an imperial of Control (Kaiserliche Bucher Commission) established by the German Emperor, through the influence of the Catholic clergy. Archbishop Berthold, of Mayence, had previously (in 1480) established a similar censorship in his dominions. The chief object of that board was to watch and visit the bookshops which in Frankfort, were all nittiated in one street, still called the Buchgasse seizing forbidden books, claiming the seven privilege copies ordered by law to be presented to the universities, and, in fact, exercising tho power of a most troublesome police. Against this the booksellers often remonstrated, but without success. At length tho principal part of the book-trade withdrew to Leipsic, where general fairs were held thrice every year, and where, next to Frankfurt, the greatest number of books was sold. The earliest accurate information obtained respecting the sale of books at Leipsic fair refers to 1515, when we find the printers Steigcrand Bo-kept, both of Nuremberg, A few years after, the fame of this market as a place of salo for books spread over tho rest of the continent, and in 1550 it was visited by the Paris book-seller, Clement, and in 1500 by Pie-tro Valgrisi, from Venice. From tho accidental mention of these visits and names in the annals of the Leipsic fair, we may infer thut book-sellers from other parts of the world also frequented it habitually, oltliougli no record of their presence has been made. The different languages which th y spoke had lilllo effect upon the sale of their books, the greater part of which, wherever printed, was in Latin. In 15f!l, the number of new works brought to Lcipsic was 302, of which 240, or 08 per cent, were in tho Latin language. The literary tastes of that time may bo guessed from the fact, that of the whole number of these literary novelties, 200 were on theological sub jects, 48 on law and jurisprudence, and 45 on phil osophy and philology. The trade in books carried on in Lcipsic increased so rapidly, that it banished traffic in other articles from the fair. No fewer than fourteen printers anil book-sellers had, by 101G, taken up their residence in the city. The names of these individuals have become dear to tho modern bilomaniac, from the rarity of tho works, bearing their respective imprint?. These "publishers," (for by this period the wholesale book-seller was distinguished from the retailer by that expression) brought to the Easter fair of 1010 no less than 153 new works, the production of their own presses. Of other publishers in various parts) of Germany, eight resided at Frankfort-on-the-Mainc, seven belonged to Nuremberg, four to Jena, three to Ulm, and the same number to Hamburg ; Wittenberg, Strasburg.t Gotha, Cologne, Breslan, had each two.ontl Lubeck,Goslar, Heidelberg, Rostock, and Luneburg, one. Tho Easter fair held at Leipsic was now exclusively devoted to books. The book-sellers had already organized a system, by which they wero enabled to print a catalogue ot every new work that wns to be sold at the fair, so that purchasers had no difficulty in making their selection, and Leipsic Easter fair became the great book-mart for the whole continent. Having brought our notices of "the trade" in Germany down to the great era in its existence, the establishment of tho Leipsic book-fair, and in England to the unhappy time when our country was torn by civil war, and fiie book, with all other trades, wns in a struggling and depressed condition, we shall, in succeeding articles, offer some interestinc facts concerning the modern Bjsletn of boook-selling, as practised in various countries where any very considerable literary commerco is carried on. Ca!tmE Saoacitv. A friend informs us that while walking on the railroad bridge near Northoy'a Point, a few days since, he was interested in watching the movements nf three dogs, playing together on the track while the cars were approaching at full speed. Two ol them of the Newfoundland species, jumped to tho sides of the bridge ready for a spring inio the water in case of emergency, while the other, of the terrier breed, ran up the track, hoping to out-runthe engine. Looking around, and finding he was likely to be overtaken, ho prostrated himself at full length between the rails hugging close to the ground till the train had fairly passed over him, and then jumped up and wagged his tail, as much as to say, u j:ji... - w-i , ... -you uiu ns uuiriu u wai nme, ana again joined ins companions in their gambols. The many youngsters who often carelessly pursue their sports on the bridge, should, like these dogs, be ready to "clear the track when tho bell rings." .Salon Gazette Extent or AoRtruLTtiai;. If we reflect that about 800,000,000 of human beings 50,000,000 domesticated horses, asses and mules, 150,000,000 domesticated cattle, 300,000,000 domesticated swine, 12,000,000 domesticated goats, are to be fed every day, by the industry of man, we shall have some faint conception of the ast scale upon which the operations of agriculture are conducted. If we con ceive that the sun, in its daily course, wakes up the whole human race to their labors, and imagine ourselves ss accompanying his morning rays in their flight over the world, wc may easily imagine the spectacles of activity we should witness on the hills and in the valleys, and spreading out from the arctic to the antartic circle ! Maplr Sugar. The production of Maple sugar this year, we are inclined to think, is much above the average. In many towns in New England, New-York, and Ohio, it is sufficient fur the consumption of the inhabitants. In the little town of Chesterfield, Mass comprising by the last census 1 132 in-habttants, 40,:rt.lb. were made, being 38 lbs. to each inhabitant, including children.