Mt. Vernon Republican (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1854), 1857-11-10

              flllL . . k , MWWWWWWWBWmMMWMMWWMWWBMIiMMPIWaWIMI ll injMBMBMMHWlWWM-B VOL III. MOUNT VERNON, OHIO, TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. TO, 1857. NO. 52. 1 X "3 2 4 ' t . x i 8 0 ...V CITY DIRECTO HYi DKY GOODS MERCHANTS. J. Sporry & Co., Main-at;, ldoor north R. S.ACos. Bunk. Curtis, Sapp & Co., Muln-at., 1 door south Young & Ilydu'a jowolrjriitoro.-J. E. Woodbrldjc, Morohant, Produce Dcnlcr and Cuinmlsslon .Merchant, .Muln-at. Bourn A Moad, No. 8, BuckiDjrliuuTa Emporium, Si . W. oornor Main and Oainbier-ats. N. N. Hill, corner Main and Gambier-st. D. B. Curtia,' No. 2, Kremlin Block. J. Motntyroi Co., Norton Corner, opposite Warden i Burr'a. yarden & Burr, Main-t.,No. 130. J. W. Miller, Main-it., between Vine and Cnmblcr fc. B. Ward, corner Main and Vine, Ward's Block. Jamuallutohiniion, Main-it., opp. Lybrnnd House. ' GltOCI HS. J. W. Woaver, Wboloaalo Grocer, No. 102, Main-et. 0. B. l'otwin, Wholoaalc Grocer, Kremlin No. 1, ISinith & Richards, Grociry and l'rovinion dealers, Main-et., Banning Block. W. T. Bassett, Grocer and Notion doalor, Main-st. James Goorge, Wbolesalo and Retail, corner Main and Gambler. 5. A.Trott, Maiu-st., 1 door south Uussoll's Drug Store. R. Thompson, Jlnin-st., Mufonic Hall Iiuililimf. Jos. Watson, corner Jones' Block, east ond. . ! Jos. Sproule, Jonos' Block, west end. BOOTS AND SHOES. MillorA Whilo, No. 3, Millor Building, Main-st. T. P. Frodorick, Main-st., 3 doors south Woodward Hull. Walter Smith, Main-st. next door to It., S. A Cos. K. S. S. K iu io A Son, Warner Miller's Ulnek,Main-st. Nit MelKtfla, Buokinham's Euiporiuni,No. 2. - CLOTHING MEltCUATNS. A. Wolff, Woodward Block, Main-st. 6. Munk,Signof the LoneStar, Main-st. 1. Epstein A Bro., Lybrand Blook, Main-st. Miller A Coonor, 1 door south Kenyon House. TIN AND STOVES. Tob Evans, south end Main-st. J.lluntaborry A Son, Masonic HallBuilding,Main-8t llAUUHAUE. A. Weaver, Main-st.', few doors S. Kenton House. C. C. Curtis, Main-st., nextdnor to Hyde A Young's. J. MoCormaok, No. 4 and 6, Kremlin Block. SADDI.EHY. O. W. nauk, Main-st, Hauk'a Building. YV, M. Mofford, Borthcast corner Markot Houso. A. Gilliam, Main-st., over Curtis' hardware store. MEKCHANT TAILOUS. R Clark, Main St., Ward's Block. A. l'ylo, corner Main and Gambicr sta, II ATTEttS. W. t. King, Main-st., King's Block. G. Silcr, Main-st., below Gainbior. DIM GKISTS. W. It. RussclljNo. 1, Buckingham's Kmp., Main-st. City Drug Store, Main-st., opp. Kunyon Iluso. M. Aborncthy, Main-st., 3 doors above Gambicr. JEWELERS. W. B. Brown, Main, 1 door south Woodward Block. HydoA Young, Main-st., opposite Woodbridgo's. Wm. Oldroyd, Main-st., West il. '. QUEENSWAItE. G. B. Arnold, Woodward Block, Main-st. OESf TISTUY. G. E. McKown, Ward's Block, south-aost corner of Main and me. C M Kolsoy, Gambier-st.,2 doors east of Main. BOOK STOUE. M. Whito, Milcr's Block, Main-st. A. W. Lippitt, Main-3t., opposite tho Kenyon House FIELD'S MOUNT.VERNON, OniO. Kncm'a in. Hank's lluihlimj, Main Streit. M"HE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION HAS BEEN 1 decidud the most thorough, extended mid practical one now taught in any similar Institution, ll umbraccs, Bookocping in all Its various brandies, as appliod to Wholesale, Retail, .Shipping, Ciin.nissum, Stoaiuboatiug, Railroading, Jobbing, M inuf icturing, Compound Company Business and Banking. Lwtures dclivorod on Commercial Law, Commercial Ethics, Political Economy, Ao TERMS i For full coftso time unlimited iuoluding lectures,...: S3t For lull oourso in Lidics' Department, 20 Diploma a 2 For full particulars send for circular. FOR SALE. I HAVE ON nAND A GOOD TURNINO LATHE suitable for Gunsmiths, and various purposes wliioli I will sell on reasonable terms. W II COCHRAN, Real Estate .Tulv21w3 nnjl Gen Agent. 1 1ARGAIN. A good Thrashing Machine A Horse A J Power for sale at a bargain, inipnro oi W. II. COCHRAN, Roal Estate and aprilU don. Agent. fine Farm for Rni. -J fQ ACRES Vi MILE OF ANKXEYTOWN.I 1 l)J miles from Mt. Vernon, and :A from Frcdo rick. 100 acres cleared, Ijf which 31 aro meadow 5 noro apple orchard fine soil good timber sugar camp 2or3goc springs. Two story brick dwelling also, barn, stable, Ac. A branch of Owl (keck runs throoL-h tlio faria. and meadow ail bottom A clloico farm and can bo had at a bargain. W. II. COCHRAN, Real Estato oetlSWlf : and Gcn'lAg't, 17OR SALE. A beautiful Cottnge House,' of mud-' ernstilo.conUining 11 ronms.a lino cellar, large cistern and su pcriour well, fruit treesand shrubbery. Itis situated on Main Street, Mt. Vernon, Ohio.noar the conter of the oity. It will bo sold low and on tormsto uit the purchaser. Inquire of J. W.RUMSEY, or W.U. COCHRAN. apriUltf. ; ' GROUNDS FOR SALE. Funr acres of ground in two aero lots, No. 30 and 31, in Davis' addition to Mt. Vernon. The grounds are all under fence and in a good stato of cultivation, with agood tpring in the middle. W. II. COCHRAN, auglBtf Roal Estato A Gen. Ag't. i . SHERIFF'S SALE. Anthony Banning, rs Daniel McOrady and others. BY VHRTUE of an order of sale issuod out of the Court of Common lieu of Knox County, Ohio, and to no directed, I will offer at public sale at the door of the Court House in the city of Mount Vernon, on Saturday, November Itb, 1857, between th. hoars of 10 o'clock a m and 4 p m of said day the following described roal estate, situato in the County cf Knox and State of Ohio, to-wit t Lot No, 187 in th. town of Mount Vernon, Knpx County, Ohio; taken in execution and to be (old as the prop-trr of th. defendant to satisfy. Indgmenrin favor of the plaintiff. I. CNDERWOOD, Buff. octlSwiprfM Sheriffs Sale. James B. Folger, ra Amos Roberts. BY VIRTUE of an ordorof sale Issaod out of the Court of Common Floes of Knox County, Ohio, and to mo directed, I will offer at public sale a; the door of the Court House, in the oity of Mt. Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, on Saturday, Nov. 7tb, 1807, botwoon the hours of 10 o'clock a m and 4 p m of said day, the following dosoribed real estato, to-wit: Lot No. 120 in Norton's Northern addition to the town of Mount Vernon, and being the same premises oonvoyei to Amos Roberts by Edward O. Flynn, by deed dated, A. D. loM taken in execution and to be sold M the property of the defendant, to satisfy a judgment In favor of tha plaintiff. - ' 1. UNDERWOOD, Shff.' ootl3w5prftS. J" UST"RECEtVED-A CHOICE LOT OF SW-ar Carol Hams, Shoulders and Dried Boef, at m5r3t JOSEPH WATSON'S, Oil" SIaxis's " Family Mun," wo bclicvo, lias never been printed by us : I was onoo a Jolly Beau, And knew how to pick up a fan, But I've done with all that you must know. for now I'm a family man. i When a "partner" I ventured to take, Tho ladies all favored the plan ; They vowed I was certain to make "Such an excellent family man 1 " If I trnvol by land or by water, I liavochargo of somo Susnn or Ann ; Mrs. Jones is sure that her daughter Is sufo with a family man 1 The trunks and band boxes round 'cm, , With something like horror I scan, But though I muttor, "Confound 'cm," I smile like a family man I I was once as gay as a templar, But levity's now under ban j Young pooplo must have an exemplar, And I am a family man. , Tho club men I meet In the city, All treat mo as well as they cau ; And only exclaim, " what a pity. Poor Tom is a family man ! " I own lam getting quito pcnilvc ; Ten children, from David to Hauls a family rathor expensive j But then I'm a family mun. EDWAHD HVCIIETT OX AGKI- (HiiitL. Hon Edward Everett delivered an Address beforo the New York Slato Agricultural So-cioty, at Buffalo, on Friday, tho 9th instant. It closes with tho following paragraphs : A greater than liuiku in this country, our own )ccless Washington, with a burden of public euro on his mind such as has seldom weighed upon any other person, conscious, through a considerable part of his career, . that the success not only of tho. Anlciieun Involution, but of tho whole great experiment of republican governnici.t, was dependent in no small degree upon his course und conduct, yet gave throughout his life, in time of peace, more of his liimj und attention, as he himself in ono of his private letters inlornis us, to the superintendence of his agricultural operations, than to any other object. "It will not be doubted," says ho, in his last annual message to Congress, "(7th December, 17UG,) "that with reference cither to individual or national welfare, agriculture is of primary importance. In proportion as nations advance in population and other circumstances of maturity, this truth becomes more apparent, and renders the cultivation of the soil more and more an ob ject of public patronage. , Among the means which have been employed to this end, none have -been attended with greater success than the establishment of boards, charged with collecting and diffusing information, and enabled, by premiums and small pecuniary aids, to encourage and assist a spirit of discovery and improvement." On the 10th of Decern lair, 171)1), Washington addressed a long letter to tho manager of his (arms the last elaborate production of his pen, transmitting a plan, drawn up on thirty written folio pages, containing directions for their cultivation for several years to come. In seven trays from the dale cf this letter his own venerated form was "sown a natural body, to be raised n spiritual body." Nearly all tho successors of Washington in the Presidency ol tho United States, both the deceased and the living, passed, or aro passing their closing years in the dignified tranquility of rural pursuits. One of the most distinguished of them, Mr. Jefferson, invented the hill-side plow, i'ormit me also to dwell for a moment on tho mure recent example of the lour great statesmen of the North, tho West and the South, whoso names are tho boast and the ornament of the last generation, Ad-utus, Calhoun, Clay and Webster, who forgot the colossal anxieties, the stem contentions, the herculean labors, and the thankless sacrifices of the public service, in the retirement of the country and tho calm and healthful pursuits of agriculture. One of these four great men it was not my fortuno personally to behold in tho enjoyment of these calm und lational pleasures ; but I well lciuctubcr hcar-i ig him say, with a radiant countenance, that there was nothing in tho triumphs or honors of public life so grateful to his icelings as his return to his home in Carolina, at the close of tho sossion of Congress, w hen every individual on his plantation, not excepting the humblest, canto out to bid him welcome and to receive the cordial pressure of his hand. I was oflch the. witness of the heart-felt satisfaction which Mr. Adams enjoyed on his ancestral acres, especially irt contemplating tho ticcs planted by himself, thousands of wliich aro now scattered over tho estate.- While he ministered in' this way to tho gratification and service ol other times, he felt that ho was (lis- charging no small portion of the debt which each generation owes to its successors. At Ashland, lp - luau, 1 roue over lus extensive liii in, with the illustrious orator and statesman of the West : and as tho "swinish mul titude," atttracted by tho salt which he lib erally scattered from his pocket, came run ning about us, in tho beautiful woodland pasture, carpeted with that famous Kentucky blue grass, ho good huniorcdly compared them to the office seekers, who hurry to Washing ton at the commencement of an administration, attracted by tho well-favored relish of a good salary. Mr. Webster, reposing on his farm at Murshticld, from the toils of the forum, and the conllicts ol the Senate, resembled the mighty ocean, which he so much loved, which, after assaulting the cloudy battlements of tho sky, With all the seething ar-tilery of his furious billows, when tho gentle southwest wind sings true to tho elemental war, calls home his rolling mountains to their peaceful level, and mirrors thegracions heavens in his glassy bosom. . One more suggestion, my friends, and I relieve your patience. As a work of art, I know few things more pleasing to the eye, or more capable of affording scope itnd gratification to a taste for the beautiful, than a well situated, well cultivated farm: The man of refinement will hang with never-wearied gaze on a landscape by Claudge ur Balvator; the price of a section of the most fertile land in the West would uot purchase a few square feet of the canvas on which these great artista have depicted a rural acene. But nature has forms and proportions beyond the painter's skill; hor divine pencil touches the landscape with living lights and shadows never mingled on his pallet. - What is there on earth which can more entirely charm the eye, or gratify the taste, than a noble farm ? It stands upon a southern slope, gradually rising With variegated ascent from the plain, sheltered from the horlh-wcstorn winds by woody heights, broken hero And there Kith moss covered boul ders, which impart varioty and strength to th J outline. Tho nativo forest has been cleared from tho greater part of the farm, but a suitable portion, carefully tended, remains in wood for economical purposes, and to givo a picturesque ell'ect to the landscape. The eye ranges round three-fourths of tho horizon over a fertile cxpanso, bright with tho cheerful waters of a rippling stream, a generous river, or n gleaming lake, dotted with hamlets, each with its modest spire; and, if the farm lies in tho vicinity of tho coast, a distant glimpse from tho high grounds of the mysterious, cvoi lasting sea, complotcs the prospect. It is situated oil' tho high road, but near enough to tho village to be easily acccssiblo to tho church, school-house, the post ollico, the railroad, a sociable neighbor, or a travel ing friend. It consists in due propoitionof pasture and tillage., meadow, and woodland, field and garden. A substantial dwelling, with everything for convenience and nothing for ambition, with tho lilting appendages of siauie, una uarn, aim corn uain, anu outer iarm buildings, not forgetting a spring-house wiih a living fountain of water, -occupies upon. a gravelly knoll, a position well chosen to command tho whole estate. A few acros on the front, and on the sides of the dwelling, set apart to gratify the eye with the choicer forms of rural beauty, aro adorned with a stately avenue, with noble solitary trees, with graceful clumps, shady walks, a velvet lawn, a brook murmuring over a pebbly bed, horo and there a grand rock, whoso cool shadow at sunset streams across the field ; all displaying, in the real loveliness of nature, the original of those landscapes of which art in its perfection strives to give the counterfeit presentment. Animals of select breed, such as Paul Totter, ond Morlundtmd Landseor, and liosa Ilonhenr never painted, ronm the pastures or till the hurdles and the stalls ; the plow walks in rustje majesty across the plain, and opens, the genial bosom of the earth to tho sun and air natitres's holy sacrament of seed-time is solemnized beneath tin vaulted cathedral sky ; silent dews, and geutlo showers, and kindly sunshine, shed their sweet influence on the teeming soil ; springing verdure clothes the plain ; golden wavelets, driven by tho west wind, run over tho joyous wheat-field ; tho tall maizo Haunts in her crispy leaves ond nodding tassels ; while wo labor nnd while we rest, whilo wo wake and while wo sleep, God's chemistry, which we cannot sec, goes on beneath tho clods; myriads an.l myriads of vital cells, ferment with elemental life ; germ and stalk, and leaf and flower, and silk nnd tassel, and grain and fruit grow up from the common earth; tho mowing machine and tho reaper muto livalsof human industry perform their gladsome task ; the well-piled wagon brings homo tho ripened treasures of the year! bow of prouiiso fulfilled spans the foreground of the picture, and the gracious covenant is redeemed, that while the earth remaineth, summer and winter, and heat ahd cold, and day and uight; and seed time and harvest shall not fail. ... Automat of Sjiccte in i:ic Country It becomes important, at tho present lime, to ascertain how much specie there is in the country ; In other' words, the amount of that currency which cannot bo depreciated or in any way disturbed by any explosions. Tha specie basis of tha banks is stated to bu about sixty millions, and tho inquiry turns to the amount in general circulation among tho people. On this jloint tho Philadelphia AVM American says 1 , WTe havo taken tho pains for our own satisfaction, to look over the official figures for a scries of years, in order to approximate a safe opinion upon this subject, and they .dovelop somo result:) of striking interest at tho present juncture, which ought to inspire feelings of encouragement oven in the most desponding. Notwithstanding the enormous depletion of precious metals during the last seven years, it will ho seen that tho coinage in that period exceeded the exports by an amount almost equal to the wholo coinage during thu preceding lifty-cight years : Coinage 1850 $!W,847,8;S8 GO 1851 G:i,888,88'J 50 1852 67,815,507 50 1853 01,291,477 9t 1854 00,713,8(15 47 1855....'. 44,0(50,303 1)3 1856....; 04,283,1)83 00 Exports. $2,81)1,202 24,019,1150 60,189,091 23,285,493 31,438,713 62,587,f-'il 41.57,850 69,819,133 1857((imo) 2(5,71)4,782 00 $415,22'l,717 74 $285,881,17t5 285,881,170 00 deduct exports. $129,315,541 74 excess coinage. 100,000,1X10 (JO additional coinage before ' $289,315,511 74 now in the country. 4mm Orlpin c.T rnprr Money. Tho Court do Tenrtilla, whilo besieged by tho Moors in tho fortress of Alhambra, was destitute of gold and silver wherewith to pay his soldiers, who began to murmur, as they had not the means of purchasing tho necessaries of life from the po"bple of the town. In this dilema," says tho historinn, " what docs this most sagacious commander 7 Ho tuketh a number of little morsels of paper ou wliich he inscribes various sums, largo nnd small, and signs therT with his own hand and name. These did he givo to the soldiery, in earnest of their pay. " How," you will say, ''are soldiers to bo paid by scraps of paper ? Even so, and well paid, too, as I will presently make manifest, for the good Count issued a proclamation ordering the inhabitants to take those papers for the full amount inscribed thereon, promising to redeem them at a future time with gold and silver. Thus, by subtlo and most miraculous alchemy, did this cavalier turn worthless paper into valuable gold and silver, and make his late impoverished army abound in money." The historian adds. " Tho Court de Tendilla redeemed his promises like a royal knight ; and this miracle, as it appeared in the eyes of the worthy Agnpida, is tbo first instance on record of paper money, which has since spread throughout tho Civilized world the most unbounded opulence." X ot qcfru off. A Mrs. Snyder, residing near McGaheysvillo, Va., one day last week suddonly fell down apparently dead, The necessary burial clothes were procured, (says the Valley Democrat,) and while her friends were engaged in dressing her in the habiliments of tha grave, she politely requested them to wait until she was dead. It is needless to say that her request was cheerfully complied with. She Is now rapidlyimproving. I he l)cnierut Shooting A Hair tletween Joseph nnd ItoDfM t .H'Kilibi n und lauuc t'tuii', ot Cbmiibcr&burg, Va. Cnrrcspondenco if the Pittsburgh Puat. ClIAMUCHSllfKQ Oct. 27, 1857. This community was frightened from its propriety this afternoon, by a shooting nffray between Isaac Craig, of Pittsburgh, and Joseph C. and Ptobort M'Kibben, which took placo at tho depot of tho Cumberland Valley liailrbrtd tho particulars of which aro substantially as follows: . A difficulty for nearly two years has existed between tho families, in cousequenco of a criminal charge mado by the sister of tho latter against Craig, who is her brother-in-law. This produced a cival S'lit brought by her father against him in tho Allegheny County Distiict Court, the damages being laid tit $10,000; ulthough it was set down for the last January term. Craig visited Chambersburg to-day, bringing with him his little son, whom ho left here, lie was sitting in ono of the cars of the 2,l4 Pittsburgh train for llarrisburg, when tho two M'Kibbens arrived at tho depot a few moments beforo the timo of starting, each armed with u pair of Colt's revolvers. llobert llred a shot through tho window nt Criig; they then separated, one going to each end of tho car, Hero they blazed away, Craig returning the fire with an Allen six-shooter. They then got out ol tho cars, when tho latter produced a Colt five-shooter, and returned tho lire of the M'Kibbens from behind n pile of wood. Just thou Col. Lull, the Superintendent of the Railroad, pulled the bell for tho engineer to start, and tho train moving on, Craig jumped on board, and the others were lett behind. Thero were six passengers in tho car when the all'ray took place who ran it great risk of being shot. One of whom sat behind the spot where Craig was standing dodged between tho seats, and tho others got away as fast as their legs would cat ry them. Craiggot a ball through his left hip just above the groin. He was brought ou to Shippensburgh, where n surgeon dressed tho wounds. Joseph C. M'Kibben was shot through tho right coat sleeve, by n ball that traversed the entire length of his ami, slightly wounding him. There were upwards of twenty shots exchanged by the parties, and tho reports being heard all over the town,, on immense excitement created. The car was. pretty well riddled, threo or four balls through the stovepipo, and several holes made in the windows. An information of assault and haitcry with intent to kill was made by High Constable M'Clelland.and the M'Kibbens taken before a magistrate, nnd held to bail iu $800 each 1 have since learned that Craig gut two balls in his hip, ono of wliich was extracted. A IX is 'i IVi'JT. A manufacturer and vender of quack medicines, recently wrote to a friend living out west, for a good strong recommendation of his the manufacturer's "Balsa in." In a lew days he received the following, which we call pretty strong : ' Dear S'.r : Tho land composing ray farm has hitherto been so' poor, that a Scotchman could not get a living off it, ami so stony that wo had to slice our potatoes and plant them edgeways, but hearing of jollr balsam, I put some on the corner of a ten acre lot surrounded by a rail fence, and in the morning I found that tht rock had entirely disappeared, a neat stono wall encircled the iield, and tho rails were split into oven wood and piled up symmetrically in my back yard. " I piit un ouiico into the middle of a huckb berry swamp in two days it was cleared oil', planted with com and pumpkins and a row of peach trees in full blossom through the mid-dlo."As an evidence of its tremendous strength, I would say that it drew a striking likeness of my eldest son out of a milt pond, drew a blister nil over his stomach, drew a load of potatoes four miles to market, and eventually drew a prize of ninety seven dollars in a lottery" Jlumuulic. A young lady, possessed of her beauty, accomplishments, and having $10,000 in hard cash in deposit at St. Louis, started recently on a trip to New York, in company with her aunt. 8he took passage on the steamer Tcn-nesseo hello, from Keokuk to Cincinnati. On the sumo boat was a voting man who had plenty of everything but money ; he had im portuned her at home, and kept up his ardent courtship on board the lxi.it. Tho lady, however, was heard-hcartcd, and refused him the least hope. The boat stopped awhile at Car-rolton, Kentucky, and the l.uly and her aunt concluded to take a stroll on shoro ; as she was going down tho gangway plank, it tilted nnd tho lady fell into tho wutcr ; sho was drawn by tbo current under tho wharf boat ) the suitor jumped in, went under the boat after her, succeeded in catching Iter, and finally rescued her. In two hours sho was perfectly restored, and sending for her deliverer, and a clergyman being ou board, they were married lorthwith. 'Whin Mi- but Ini'l Cry." A pious father had devoted great attontion to the education of bis son, who had maintained ari unblemished reputation, until the ago of fourteen, when ho was dected in a deliberate fa' se hood. The father's grief was great, and ho deter mined to punish tho ofi'endcr severely. Ho made the Buliiect ono of prayer : for it was too important, in hiscstcom, to be passed over as a common occurrence of the day. lie then callod his son and prepared to inflict tho pun ishment. Cut the fountain of the father's heart was broken up j ho wept aloud. For a moment the lad scorned confused ; l.e saw the struggle in his parent's bosom, and broke out with all his usual ingeniousncss, "Father, father, whip tne as much as yon please ; lot don't cry." One Vole. Mighty consequences sometimes' hang upon a Single Vote. ON'E VOTE In the United Stale Senate annexed Texas to the United States. Mr. Han-ncgan, of Indiana, cast that vole. OSE VOTE in the Indiana Log'sUure elected Mr. Uanncgan to his place in the Senate. That vote was cast by Madison Marsh of Steuben county. Mr. Marsh was chosen to tho Legislature of Indiana by ONE VOTE. Hcnco OSE VOTEcastby a private citizen at a primary election in Indiana, annexed Tens, led to the- Mexican war, the acquisition ( California, New Mexico and tha im mense couseqiienocg still held in the future, as the lure outgrowth of these great transations' COM.IILltl'tAI, 111081' ECT8 OP Tilt LOU.TItV l'UU 1HJS. What resources havo wo te depend upon ? And what aid can Europe givo us during the coming year ? Theso important interrogatories havo been satisfactorily responded to by tho New York Courier ij- Enquirer, which says : Wo can best rcsolvo tho problem by a consideration of the ell'ect of tho panic of 1837 upon our foreign trade. Not that our troubles aro so gacal, but that they aro of a similar kind ; otherwise the comparison would not hold good. Wo givo some statistics illustra-tintho changes ut that timo in our foreign trade, and from this we can form somo esti mate of our foreign trado for tho next year STATEMENT OF TUB KOItlilON COJD!r.nClS OF THE 1 " UNITED STATES FOR A, SEMES OF VEAH3, Years. Exports. Imports. 183(1 $128,000,000 $190,tXX),000 1810. .......... :. 132,000,000 107,(JOO,000 From this we sco that tho exports in four rears increased four millions, whilo the im ports decreased eighty-throe millions or show- ing an improvement in our foreign balauco of eightv-tseven milllions ol dollars, i lie reac tion that took plnco nt that period four years were required to produco, will nwi1 bo pro duced in twelve months. The commerce of the United States for the fiscal year 1950, was as follows ; Exports, $327,000; imports, $315,000. Tho decrease in imports from 1S3G to 18i0, was 48 per cent., and the increase in oxports was three CWt ' ir 7 ' l I..;..;- .1.. i ..f commerce fur the present fiscal year would be as follows : Year 1857-58. Exports Imports rialanco in our favor.. Add California gold.. CI 'm 000 000 $137 ,000,001. 280,000,000 ; 000 151 000 000 1 ..C.' i '10 000 000 ' Debt duo Europe . . . Balance .$151,000,000 From this wo see that if Europe remains solvent tho balance duo ns, after paying tho debt wliich is now duo to Europe, will be over one hundred and fifty millions of dollr.rs. This is an undeV estimate of our exports. Tho Emperor of Franco has just .issued tin edict forbidding the export of grain from Franco. Tho imports of cotton into Great Hritain from India this year will be nominal. Great Britain will want our flour and provisions for her Indian nrtnr. Enough has been given to show that our exports must increase 1 and bur imports aro subject to our own control. Europe must have our cotton nnd breadstulfs. and India our provisions. The i gold from California must stay with us. This i ! ii 'iqm i :,:-.: ,i ' aid we did not havo in 1837, and is in itself alone sufficient to ensuro our recovery. r " " Origin l tV.c ISuaU. of UnKlniMl. Anything in refni'onco to banks an'1 omi cy at this time is of interest to general readers. : The Albany Evening Journal has written up tho following history of the Bank of England : , So late as tho time of the Restoration every merchant kept a strong-box in In3 own house; and when nn acceptance was presented to him, told down the crowns and Caroluses mi l.li mm enimti'v. Gnuil'MiiLMi locked nn : their cold in their country houses, or travel. led Willi it in their coaches. Those wcro the halcyon days ol tr.Kves, when a burglar would J often bo able, after n single night's work, to ! retire with a fortune ; and highway robbery ! was a lucrative profession, whose adapts wcro styled "Gentlemen of the road.,' By the end of Chailes lid's refcn it wa3 ..,. i ,i,, u .., i,,i, f.. .i ,.., convenient to havo agents to keep the cash of i commercial houses. This new br nch of bus-1 ness fell naturally into the hands of the Goldsmiths, who were acCustomcd to traffic large- ly in the precious metals, and who Had vaults whero masses of bullion could lie secure from ' fire and robbers. It was at the shops of tho goldsmiths of Lombard strcot that nil the payments in coin were made. Olher traders gave and received nothing but paper. Of courso tho goldsmiths, from biing tho rl'ir.rj cn.m Imprtrr.o mmtora nflliftcilv Golds-piths were the money-lenders. Goldsmiths furnished the funds fur all new enterprises. A goldsmith's note passed current on Change for cash. The nobility bad to court the favor of tho goldsmiths, and P.oyality itself, when a Government Loan was needed, privately s'iminoiicd somo of tho wealthy goldsmiths to its audience chamber. The same fcasons which led the communi ty to gather their cash into fifty vaults in stead of leaving it scattered among a thousand soon led them to see that it would bo still better to keep it in one, instead of filly. In William tho Third's time Iho mutter was freely di.-cussed, and in 100 1 it took lho definute shape of a plan for a National Pack. Of course so grett a changa was nat effected without bitter opposition. A largo class denounced lho "Bank of England" with much violence and Tindictivcncss. Tories declared that banks wcro Republican institu tions, and predicted the ruin of the monarchy. Whigs declared it would be an instrument of Royal tyranny worso than the Star Chamber, and predicted tho ruin of English liberty. The Nobility suspected it to bo a tchemo to to elevate Traders above the Peerage, arft the poor woro mado to bcliove it a new device to grind them to lho dust. Neverthe less, the bank was established, and gained popular favor, less by arguments than by its manifest convenience and Utility. It lived and grew and prospered, and for a hundred and fifty years, tho wealth of England lias lived and grown and prospered wilh it. IW-inereissaiuioueaitn.sun.equ.te.,,,' r,nincial potentate contained large emigration of farmers and their negroes all(0 t kUer from tbe other personage, add res- . , , ,... . . . -I. . uom ooum-vt esiorn Virginia iu ic.v.is. , t We made an error last week iri tho advertisement hoaded "Dress Making." It should bo Miss Gow, instead of Gano. ' ': OCT All the British troops in Canada are soon to be withdrawn for the service in India From the New York Times. THE PANIC. 1S37 Iliad 1839. Some of tho active business men of tho present generation wiiomiy think tho world is coming tonn end because the banks havo snsponded specie payment, will be consoled by knowing that just twenty years ago tho wholo country was undergoing precisely the sumo monetary throes which now iilllict us. The phenomena of tho bank stoppage of 1837 was, in many respects, ory similar to thoso of tho present revulsion, while in others they were remarkably different, exhibiting, in a striking manner the great cliunge.-i winch the country has undergone during twenty years. New York then took tho lend in suspending, l in.:, . , .,..!.: I.- 1..... ... r. it .1... a"U 1 IlliUUl'ipwa wasuiuiasi, iu luuuw lliu example. .uw ttieca.se lus wen reverse d. Tho first bank that suspended in 1S37 was tho Dry Dock, ono of the "pet banks" as they weio called, in which the Government deposited its funds. This hank Ktisjiended specio payment on the 8lh of May, the Chancellor immediately placed an injunction upon it, and tho run upon tho other banks commenced. Tho papers tho next day, in announcing the event stated that the other Wall-street banks were in a perlcctly sa!o cnmlilion, and abundantly able to meet all their obligations ; but notwithstanding this assurance which probably would have satisfied any but a panic-stricken public, thero was a uicelimr ! of bank officers the samo evening, in wliich ! all -but three banks resolved on suspending llin nnvt Mnt 1 vlk.xti' m u r n VI 1 cllll v w re 7e'du ed. waslta e that SOaV 000 in coin had beer, absti acted from the banks in ono duv, and when thev closed their doors, thev held" in the atrgrcgat'e but $l,Ot,000. ' ho full extent or llieir sp.'cio when the run commenced, was nut s.iaii, ainmi a held bv onr banks at the present time a few davs previous to their ; oi... .i "i. .. i.i.i. ...c..o,i suspension. J lie three liaiiKS wiiicn reiuse i ; to join the suspension ut first were tho Man-1 "'" capital ana energy, who have changed , C191 000000 1 ballon, the National nnd thu America, which I f1"-'"1 fi'0 t'w abodes of pauperism and hope-, " 40 000 000 ' " still the stillest of our banking institutions. less dilapidation to section of smiling abun-' ' j Jut thev held out a very few davs, nnd then I ll:"5 ""J ''"i1"'- Tho impiwctnent of the 1 came to griol like the rest. The day after tho ; suspension specio sold at 5'i per cent, pre- miuni, which is almost the rate nt which it was quoted yesterday. By August, howovcr, it had risen us high as 10 percent. Tho Legislature was in session, and a law was promptly passed, giving the banks a year's absolution from the legal consequences of their transgression, and beforo tho expiiali'oti of that term llioy had all resumed, Thero was then a similar run on tho savings banks to that which has now taken place ; j but the ellect ol the suspension on mo pui.nc I...:., i I v..., ..... 1 1.., i. tl,.,t ,.r 11UIK1 aa lltllCIl IMW1U lAiibU'U iii.in itiav the present suspension, io put down antici pated riots the military were ortierou out anu furnished with ball catridges, and tho Mayor addressed a meeting of citizens in the Park, assur ills mum urni iu ivjinnu-u mu jiinua un ";,r , ' ,.K,,nt ,wl ,:,.(, wou ull their liabiltios iu full, which seems to have acres of Ireland wero under a green crop i had a comforting and quieting influence tiiwn 1S'A the- number had nearly doubled. I it-them. Nobody now seems to think it of tiny WH, tho live stock of hdz-A valued at , consequence whac our present llayur's views 1'., 100,000 ; in 1S05, at tho Same rates, it on the financial pressure may bo. There reached 33,000,000. The average iM ' were meetings of merchants, meetings ol me- chunk's, meetings of politicians, and great excitement generally iu relation to tho matter, for nobody seemed to know what ought to be done, nnd a Committee of fifty merchants was sent on to Washington to confer with President , Van Btuen, nnd solicit his assistance ; but-wo aro informed that tho interview be tween these two great powers lasted just eight minutes, and the merchants returned to re l"rt to meir te um;cm.i.s u ai u.cy nau merely gono to Washington and returned no''"1' constant employment at better wages wiser than thev went. But thou-h tile Piesi- dvut refused to do anything for the iclicf of i the mercantile community then, bu summon- j jtZllt f tll() roiel of lhe country. Congress was ! in session just a fortnight and th:n udjuonied ! without having Hone anything in particular to relieve ine iinanciai uisiivssiii n.u wuuu , i - i. r i i: i .1... :.,.i;.. . QXQr-nll nn(i industry of the people. On the adjournment having been aiin'iimccd, Mr. Wise, who uns then one of the Whig chain-! pions in Congress, " created great tnci t imei.t " j l... ....,...;,. iu. i n ii,r.. iiM lho trCi1!mrv ftl))i timl ilu members would to be paid in " ma currency." Jsothini; could show in a inon sinning manner mo great pioltcss v.o hav made in governmental mag nificence than the fact stated by President Van Burcnin his message to Congress, that tho gold required by tho Administration to carry on the iill'airs of iho Gowriiuicut was I It'll U-llllonS Ol UOilUlS. Immediately after tho suspension cf our city banks, all the country banks in Iho State followed tlie example, but tha Philadelphia Bunks did not susicnd until the 11th day of May, and tho Boston banks held out until the 13lh, while lho Washington bank did not suspend until the lUtli. All tin bulks of the South and West followed as fast ns tho intelligence reached them of the stoppage in New Yoik. New York was then in a really distressed condition for tho lack of a curren cy, lor nil banu notes under live dollars were then prohibited, nnd ns those who were so fortunate as to have any specio held on to it, ! there was absolutely no circulating medium for the small business of society until the in vention of fchinplastcrs brought lefiui. Asa stiik'wz contrast between tlio commer cial distresses of 1H37 nnd W57, it may bo stuled that up to the suspensions ol specie payments by our city banks, there hail toon, within n few weeks, 352 mercantile failures, whilo tho whole numtor of failures and suspension.! now, since the panic commenced in August, has been but 21 ) ; yet tho business of tho city is more than double what it was at the lime of the first suspension, The ell'ect of tho suspension on the S'.ock Market in 1S.?8 wns extremely cxhilcraling ; the stock of tho Bank of lho United Stales advanced in a few days fiom lUOtir- IB. " ing Biddie " was then in his glory, nnd ho was looked upon by the whigs ns tho financial saviour of his country. It is curious to read the extravagant- tim of luud.ilion which wcro bestowed npon him by lho Whig papers. Tho staiJ and respectable (Awimr-ciul Admlittr. in alluding to him. says : " lie is a wonderful man, a most extraordinary man, there is no doubt of it," &o. There was Just at that time nliothor most extraordinary man la New York, though nobody seemed to to' aware of his extraordinary qualities, and who wt a certainly not to bo mentioned in the same doy with " King Bid. m e." out ine bih f sed td the Editor of tho Courttr lu Hal trm', and aignol Louis Napoleon. Tha present Emperor of France has probably a par-lectly distinct recollection of the adspension nt tuMMta Mrmantl ViV oaf hanks in 1837. as , t luel , fugitive in our city, and rather in want of funds himself. Thero is one very great difference between tho prescut suspension and that of twenty years ago. Thoro Is now a rather vaguo and uncertain feeling in the public mind as to thai cause of our troubles; but then there waa not tho least doubt ns to the matter. The Whigs attributed it all to JacksonVan-Btiren-ism, and nude l ho Administration responsible for everv commercial failure j whilo the other party and '.hen, happily, tlmro were but two parties attributed everything that went wrong to the "British "Uiddle Bank and llarings." .. TI1K llIXiKXKIiATlON OP UtlX.LSD. Tho Ireland of 1817-8 is hardl'v to Ik. ouimA as tho same country as that of 1857.. I'ho famine which seemed to threaten the ex. tinction of tho Celtic race, was the starting point from which tho regeneration of their country is to lie dated. That t Vent compelled iho British Government to grapple with the evils which had so lung overshadowed thu. land, and the result has proved that it waj equal to tho ta.sk thus imposed upon it. Tha master evil of all was the c implicated tenuro by which the actual occupants of the soil held possession. Estates were shingled over by such a multiplicity of claiim that tho nomi-ual proprietors had lost all control of them,' nnd tenaii's had no guarantee that they might not be dispossessed at any moment, with lhu; loss of all their improvements. . KespouMble persons, therefore, had no motive to make improvements, and tho best estate wore overrun by small cotters, who in good limes maintuiued a bate existence, and iu bad became a chargo upon their respective p.ni.-hes. The famine brought this system t a c.is TU Gjiern- mjnt' having spent Rome forty millions of dollars to keep the people from starving, with ""'. ev...-oa, uuiui-uuiiuu on a rcvisim hjiwi u;il was tne result, -jn tt.eroiir.se or a few '' thousands ot estates have b?en sold by tho Commissioners und taknii ikMKiiiirf ! v-....ut.....vii Vuu mii iwim-miini w uy country lias been lurtlior aided by the guner- : ' ul tinuuago uuupieu y me uovcrn ment, at an ultimate cost ots'nen million pounds, whereby millions of acres of lund that had been utterly worthless for purposes of cultivation has been tendered highly pro-' ductive. . .... Some idea of tho changa w hich has been ' effected by tho improvements referred to may-' bo obtained from tho following facts gathered ' fiom an interesting articte in the last number-of the Edinburgh lioiew : In the year 1811 .j tho farms in Ireland exceeding thirty acres in' uiea' were iu ihe proportion of seven to the hundred. At the cIumi of 1805 they had increased to lilore than twenty-six percent , and occupied upwards of three-fourths of tha country. In the year 1811 thero were about , 0,260,000 of acres out of cultivation j iu tho year 1855 only 4,81)0,000. In 18-17. 27O.00U cmauon oi uu i..o nanus oi irciamt, was m 1850 $5,500,000 ; at tho close of 1853 it had increased almost a third. Lastly, while tins .. Irish excise duties of 1850 nmmfi.tcd to $l,- 100,000, those of 185G wcro 2,000,000.' 1 Tho change effected in thu condition at tho people is quito remarkable as that wliich has taken placo in tho face of the country. Pauperism has been so greatly diminished that ' Ireland, m that respect, compares very favorably with England. All classes of laborers oian over Ixlore, and n much bolter style of living has bt.cn introduced among then. -I'cy woik now under the stimulus ol a well ShS. ''Xlti n' mid" ! . emigrate, but it is now no unusual circum- stance lor Irishmen to return to their old . ln uies to spend the remnant of their davn ;tniid the (iiends und scenes of (hair youth. Ade ire lor an unproeu system of education has Ixjcii stimulated by other hnpiovemeiits, ana the schools ot the country are much moro numerods, of a higher charictor, and totter-"' attended than in any lorer period of its his- - lory. inc. moral him re mous cuarnetur ot tho people l.as been touted in a com-spot;- ding degree Such me lho results of a few simple measv urcs of administrative reform. They were long iu coining, but wo beluo they have been a thousand limes more efiicacions than any system that patriotism could have tlcwocd. Chicago 1'mi. Two Cot cruors' Rous un nit ace Sen nrd AtHii;sl ( i l.b s. Ono of our State street hardware stores boasts of I wo clerks who aro sons to ex Governors. Ono is son to cx-Govcriior Siwavtl and tha oilier to ex-Ojveruor Gibbs, a down-east Governor. On Tuesday Seward . bet Gibbs five dollars that he did not dare to start out bare-headed and in his shirt sleeves, and carry a scuttle of coal lotind lho block iu eight minutci. Oibbs took up the bet and propell-' ed. bemud lullowcd alter, and bv startinc a cry of stop thief undertook to get Gibbs dragged to tho station house, and thus win tho b;t by stratagem. C.bbspulon steam, rolled up his trowsers, and won the rici by a neck Bully for Gibbs. Albany KHulievUt.hr. I'nrrr Sloucy iu tbi uud other Countries.In comparing tha paper money of this conn- ; try with that of Great Britain, wo 8ru)a total in the U itcd States of $18G,X 0,000 bank no'es, resting on a basis of 139,0 'O.CCO; (..f wliich $53,000,COO is in specie, SoO.OOO.OOO-in public stocks, and $22,000,000 in gold in the Sub-Treasury.) In Great Britain thew aro 181,000,000 of bai.k notes, resting oil a basis cf $111,000,000, (..r which f 72,00l),00l is in specie, and $72,000,000 In public stocks ' P. inters out of Umptoymallfc ' ' Journeymen printers, in common with tha' " rest of mankind," sufTcrfiom tho stringency of tho times. Fourteen hundred bavo been thrown out of employment in New Yoilc dur-5 ing the last fortnight.. The ore flecking tv' Washington by huudrols, hcri their fellow craftsmen are' FcrioUi.lv alarmed lest (heir monopoly on Government work may be a lilllav' impaired. ' . - : 1 ! - , ;' '. : i mm j .. OTMr. Chas. SfrrWaRTof Richland conn, ty. Ohio, who left there for California in 1850, is' among tho lost of the ill luted Cential America. nnro 'fl-T77