Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1863-09-26

              VOLUME XXVII. MOUNT VERNON, ,- OHIO , SEPTEMBER 26, 1863. . .. - NUMBER 24. ; jt gttnottaltt otintr . PVBLISBED KVKUT ATUSDAT HOUDS BT L. HABPEB. fflee In IVoodward Block, 3d Storj. f EB.M3. Two Dollar per innam, payable in ad vance ; 5..i witain six month! ; fS.OO after tbeezpi tiioiT of the year. he fBrniotrattf banner What Mr. Hale Said. Mr. "TI.il. nn Abolition' .Senator from New Hampshire, di'tlnnd in the Unite! State Senate, on. the 7th of March. 18G2. 44 That 'THE LIBERTIES OF THIS NATTONARE IN GREATER DANGER FROM THE CORRUPTION'S AND ri.nFLIGACV PRACTICED IN THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT Til AN IT IS FROM IT1E OPEN ENEMY IN THE FIELD." Yet Democrats are denounced by Jons Brouqh and I) is followers, because they seek a chan'ge of oIiey,. Conspicuous among those who are -.reviling t lie Democracy are ALL THE FEDERAL OFFICERS of the. va- .:- rious JcfwrtnKn's the Uvveruvrcnt. These men are attempting to coerce Democrats into 'a'studious silence in regard to the notorious swindles Wing perpetrated on the Treasu- ryi - . ' - - The Beauties of Lincoln. Nor must Uncle Sam's webbed, feet be for gotten. At nil the waters' mnrgitis they have been present, not only in the deep sea, the broad bay and the rapid .river, - hut also the narrow muddy bivou, ami wherever the ground wax a little damp, they .'have, been and made their tracks. " . . The above is one ol these beautiful figures ; of speech for whirh I.i vttJ.x is hodi-tingui-h-ed, and ..which almost ijwal bis philo ophic profundity. For iiir-i;ine, be .paid in his mes sage, in December. I8r2: It is more easy to pav'il- large debt than it is to pay n larger. ".It ia easier to pay when you have something to pav with tian when you havenoth--ing." . ' - " - These are strikinnly new and s(arlling original propositions. Here are more of Lin" coln's axioms : 44 We ire making history. 44 This Union can not exist half slave and half free. 44 1 do not understand Mr. Vallandighnm to be punished so much (or what he had done as for what he. probably would have done." The tollowing in an extract from the speech lie delivered on the battle of Gettysburg from .. the White House : "The rebels turned tall and run." The Erough FancL The P'-xi'i Ie iUt st" : "The A bolitionists Whv doit tTVevr. jut hi I own up- th.it r their ca jid'-i te it !!; h . I oil ihmi of old who ( ; Milling to s, rve their iM-.intry lor honor, dor-sn't think that rve a f)i';'riir'x xnh i ' "' h'rn.. 1 h i .'! ? ' a fuii'l su the I "'V t.l ii.jr ilitlVrence be-of O . an I i! .tlry that o! iVt-vleiit i li . P -it riot ic . J... 'n-l.' . Stoniu-; C We Iear fr.!i irjl'c ""ri'rfih. the Aboliiion son-,t A :! i" . sire- in Fs- toria. fto'it-.l :ii i'.w- t!"' t " Church .f ih i' .K-.i"we"k, breaking the glaso. '&. Tl.- I.-1 Cbnr.di w;is a 4 copperhead cii.-c ti" .- -j Unde Sam s Web-feet." ' Orntlub. '-' -''in pnr.zle l yr the addition which Presi.In.i Lincoln b: made to their science, in giving web-feet t Umde Sam, (olJe President's Springfield- letn-r ) .It beats ihe nrnithorliyneuu ptruf'.cicus ol New Holland. Phil. Aye. It means just this: That Uncle Sam. ns long aa he is directed by Lincoln. U a gse. He is leiiig plucked to death by the co-i tractors, who have alre.i ly robbed him of hia fine feathers, and have got his golden eggs. Cin. . Enq. . " ' - ' . V T jm Ford. . - '- . TomFord. who lost us Il irper's Ferry, rith ,10,00) men. and hosts of arms and am - munition, U on the ni nj in O lio, denouncing the "copperhead.." No copperhead has ?er so faith fully served the rebels as he did. :" ";.--: The Boston Past recommeu ds Conductor Lincoln to 4 put down th breaks" on the Administration cars, as tliey are otTthe track, nd the Democratic cars are on it and coming up with tremendous epce-d, and with team on that will sweep all obstacles away before the -gigantic conservative locomotive. ; S&" We see by the Ashland Union that bar friend William Larwill, Esq., ol Loudon- . .Ville, in that county, has been nominated as he Democratic candidate for Representative the. Legielature. This is an excellent nom- v jnatbn and the gallant Democracy of Ashi . land will never regret the election of Mr. Lar- ' :vin;,'if-..r"l';:- : -';;, ;j. - . "''..J.The.VEepuUicana carried Maine last rear by 20,000 -majority 'And then lost Ohio -by 8,000 -majority Thia yeaF they carry it! by 14,000 majority, nd declare that it is a bright omea fpr OhiVwT October. . Brough say he ia troubled with "iiiflammv iXory rheumatism." , YeniwortlUitoBe-: publicaa kgiv now-a-days. If Brough is electej tha Oowmtm4nt will have the iiiflahimatory j TheumatiMn.' , We yote against the darned , thing 1 . Who wants an " iiiflammatory rhea-' ;at4j'' Governor8o confounded ugly thai even y.tV.. Republican girU .titter, 'as the-iatvhoy Wsea jilon H waihli;ng like . Vrv ofd; aek -aiatff!-Oh, Maatc , Jckl-i-3iit7tf. ' UUA ...... f . . s Fen. Garfield's Testimony. General Garfield not long since 'wrote home a letter from Shelby ville, Tcnnease. to Ex-Governor Dihmison, which the Aholition papers have jmblished for the purpose of slandering and injuring Mr. Vallakdiguav. But General GAerrELD, undesignedly probably, bears the strongest testimony to Mr. V.'s unfaltering devotion to the Union. Gen. Oak-field says-:.;'-".."-: In a full and frank conversation between Governor Harris (rebel Governor of Tennessee,) the latter alter hearing Mr. Vallandignam's statement of his own opinions and policy, said in the presence of many witnesses, " You totally misunderstand us us." Mr. Vallandigbam had made a statement of his opinions and policy. Gen. Garfield says, to the rebel Governor, and upon hearing it the latter said to him : 44 You totally misunderstand us." How did Mr. V. totally misunderstand Gov. Harris and his rebel friends? The conclusion is inevitable that he (Mr. V.) had been arguing with the rebel Governor in favor of re-union, of peace and an immediate return of the rebels to their former condition in the Union under the National Constitution and National flag. This is placed beyond the shadow of a doubt by what tol. lows, for General Garfield reports Gov. Harris as saying to Mr. Vallandiobam immediately after what we have quoted above : We ha-ve resolved to listen to no terms short of the total separation and . absolute independence of the South, and we will accept no boundary. south. of the Ohio and the Potomac. Negotiation on any other basis is perfectly useless. . . r There it is plain as words can make it, that Mr. Vali.axdigitasi had been laying before the rebel Governor strong reasons and inducements for him and his insurgent friends to lay down their arms and resume at once their old 8t.Uiding in theUnion, but the Governor said ro him : -."You--totally- misunderstand us. Negotiations on any other basis than the total separation and independence of the South is perfectly useless." Can anything be plainer and more conclusive than this testimony of Gen. Garfield. It establishes beyond question, coining as it does from a political opponent, and circulated as it is by Mr. VALLANDicnAM's malign-ers and traducere, that he was in exile as at home'true and faithful to that Government whose temporary administrators had, from sheer partisan malice, banished him from his native State. Statesman. From the Cincinnati Enquirer. How Democratic Soldiers in the Field " are Used. To the EJitor'of the Enquirer : I am authorized to give you .some account of the way that soldiers in the army are allowed their own sentiments, and T am allowed to give you an instance, which is repeated every nerve to say lie is g ting to vote lor VallainJig-Iihih. lie is bucke l and g.iggtd." Sir, I. will name the parties 10 one ot these instance. '-Samuel Doherty. of Company I. Sixteenth O. V. I., now at I'ort llud-on. Missijsipp1, is a J)mocrat and w.n telling some, of his comrades that he inteiidcd to vote for Vallandig-ii'iin I'.ii (J'lv. i.-iuivttlii'ii Ins Captaiir; lor no tiicr oiK-n-i- t(v.iii tfus. had him arrested, ami bulked tnid g igg.ed. Mr. Dolicrrv a" sober, iii!t sldivr. always ready to d. hi duty, anil 'iias illicit; lravily in every battle bis company ha been engaged in. Should this fall un-br the eye ot (ieneral Grant, we are sure he will have this abuxe corrected General Grant allows no sin h abuse of power. DEMOCRAT. Beaties of the Conscription- SCEXE A PROVOST MARSHAL'S OFFICE. enter A. A. I have a wife at the point of death. I am po.r, Ami have not a week's provisions nbeal for her maintenance. Will not this exempt me ? Pro-ost Marshal. -No, sir. Fall into the ranks. (enter b.T B. I have five children, ull dependent on mv lafor, who must hu tier in mv absense. Their mother is feeble in health, and can not provide them with the necessaries of life. Must 1 go ? P. M Of course yo-j m'Ht. Fall in fill in. "- f enter c.l C Mv wife is well. I have abundance to leave with mv family. I coubi goto battle as well as not. But I'me rich enough to buy myself off. I'll let poor men the ragged ra- 1 lole to fight this war. Here's $3lK), and now let me to. P. M. Of course, sir, you are at liberty to eo. . - - --: - - N'-it possifde that any poor uiar will vote with a pirly that treats him in this manner ? A party that favors the rich and oppresses the poor 1 Logan Gazette. The Position of the Administration on the Hegro Question The War Hust be Prosecuted until Slayery is Abolished Extract from President Lincoln's ; . Last Letter.- I thought that in your struggle Tor the Union to whatever extent the negroes should cease helping the enemy, that . extent it weakened the enemy in their resistance to you. Do you think differently f I thought that whatever negroea can be got to do as soldiers leaves just as much less for white . soldiers to do in saying the Union. Does it. appear otherwise to you ? But; negroea like other people, act upon motive. Why-ahould they do anything for ua if we will da Bpbing for them. If they Ptake their lives for us .tliej most be prompted by the strongest, motive, even the promise r rreeiom aw u i n n .r uujaisis. BEING HADE ttUST BE KEPT. " ' , Billiards With Cannon .Ball,-' ; The gunners on the Ironsides have .a neat way of exploding their shells withia Fort-Wag ner. It ia impossible to drive Ihera. through the sand and cotton of which the .work .is made, noream the guns be o. eleTated as, to toss them in a from W mrtar. . Ra tha niece are depressed, -and the abot, stnkins tb water about fifty yards from the. beach,, jump io. Jn nearly;every insUnee this manner, of making the juissiles . effective is succeasfuT."- 44 Those are wbat I call biUiarda.',-aii the captain, watcjuna; toe flnng. tTaei carom on the bay and beach, and -pocket tha balLJa the ffrt every CmtT ' ' '' I ' An Important Letter from Ex-GoTernor Washington Hunt, The Democratic 'State Central Committee, oh Monday, received the following most impor tant letter from Ex-Goyernor Washington Hunt, of New York. He is an old line Whig of the school of Webster and Clay, and there are thousands like him in the loyal States, who will read this letter with more than ordinary 'interest. Everybody will read it : Lockport, New -York, Sept. 10, 18G3. .. . Gentleheni I have received your letter inviting me to address some public meetings in the State of Ohio, on the vital issues involved in your tending election. No one can feel more deeply than I do the momentous importance of the questions, upon which the people of your great State are so soon to pronounce their verdict. But for obstacles which I am unable to overcome, my inclinations coinciding with duty would prompt me to obey youf summons with cheerful alacrity. I regret to say, however, that my personal engagements are of such a nature as to render it impracticable. Private responsibilities and duties, which I cannot honorably put aside, will compel me to remain at home for several weeks to cotnf I regret that it is so. It would afford me sincere pleasure, to meet the people of Ohio and appeal to them to rebuke the usurpations of power arid maintain their constitutional rights and liberties with firmness, enercv and zeal. Whether our -system of constitutional Government can he preserved from the dangers which surround it, is the great question to - be solved, by the popular action. The open and bold infractions of the Constitution which have of late been made so familiar to the country, in the conduct of the Federal Administration, cannot but excite the deepest solicitude in the minds of patriotic men every where. In this crisis of our fate,. I trust and pray t hat the people of Ohio may be true to themselves and to the principles upon which our free institutions were originally based. By maintaining your own -right in a (earless and independent spirit, you will establish a claim to the gratitude of the whole country.It yon are successful in -this great struggle between arbitrary power on the one side and public liberty on the other, to you will belong, in an eminent degree, the glory of having rescued the nation from its calamities and dangers, and of restoring the Union of these warring States, upon the foundations of- the Constitution.With my sincere acknowledgments for the friendly sentiments expressed in your letter, and assuring you of my best wishes for the success of your noble and patriotic efforts, I remain with great respect, vours -truly, WASHINGTON HUNT, Messrs. John G. Thompson, A.G. Thurnian, Samuel Jleilary, George L. Converse and Amos Layman, Slate Central Committee, etc., etc., '-. Jackson Democracy. John Brough, the Abolition candidate cr Governor, advocates, in common with his entire party, the obliteration of the State Governments, (he destruction of the domestic institutions of the Southern States, and the establishment of a centralized Military Despotism in America, under the auspices of the reckless party now in power and yet, we understand, he nayWnff Democrat, denouncing as traitors the real Democrats in Ohio, who are bravely standing up for the'integrity of the State Governments, non- interlererice with the domestic institutions ot the South, and strict observance of the limitations of the Federal Constitution. To deter- iiiue whi h is the traitor, let us listen for a moment to the language of Andrew Jackson himself. Here it is: "Nothing is clearer, in my view, than that we are chiefly i ndebted for the success .of the constitution under which we are now acting, to the watchful and auxiliary action of the State authorities. This is not the reflection of a day, but, belongs to the most deeply rooted convictions ot my mind. 1 cannot therefore too strongly, or too earnestly, for my own sense of its importance, warn you against all en croachments upon the legitimate sphere of State sovereignty. Prctideni Jackson's Jirtt Message. Nor is our governm-nt to be maintained, or our Union preserved, by invasion of the rights and powers ot the several .States. In thus at tempting to make our General Government strong, we make it weak. Its (rue strength consists in leaving individuals and Mates as much as possible to themselves; in making ft sell felt, not in its powir, but in its beneficence; not in its control, but in its protection ; not in binding the States more closely to the centre, but leaving eacn to move unobstructed in its proper orbit.- Jackson's Veto Message, 1832. The Conscription Given Up in Ohio. The Administration, inch by inch, hut un der as much agony as if in suffering from tooth drawing, let go its bite under the Conscription act in Ohio. Now, there, we seethe eople are not to be forced to fight, but to be eft to volunteer. The Conscription by the news to-day, it seems, is given up in Ohio.-What 8tiiulates this distinction in States is obvious. An election is approaching in Ohio. The arbitrary issue made by the Vallandigbam nomination would, in violent arrests under the Conscription act, receive such forcible and practical definitions as to increase the Vallandigbam vote, and therefore the Conscription in Ohio ia given up, 2?eu York Express. ; . What we Owe to Lincoln. The Kittanning (Pa.) Mentor says: When the tax collector comes around with his warrant ; when we have to go and buy a stamp to put upon a deed, note, to. ; when we have to take out a license to buy or sell; when we go to a store and pay forty cents a pound for coffee instead of ten ; when we look at our public debt and. find' it accumulating at the rsje ofover $2,000,000 per day when we look aa our sons and broth ere dragged front their homes to fight-in a -war they abhor, and when we look at the vacant chairs or new made graves of those who bave died, let u remember that all these--we-owe to Mr, Abraham Lincoln and the party thai c'upporttLtm. , .. -mm t . , , - .. ... - . ! " The conclosioa Js irresistible! that the, x tmcUon of slavery in. the seceded State should be made a condition o tbeir readmiseioa to the Uoion.'- - ,v . , . ... . -v : -' ,s So aara Job .W. 0r"orneT in the Washing ; too. VAronuut, which paper has been made tne 4meai organ oJ the Aomtoiatratioih Soaays Whitieg, tbe.Solicitor oClbe War Pepartmeat an& thvpeial- Eatoj of ;the , President to t LtircoLw'a Admbjub-aiibn is !det there "shalVfbe no ie-estallwbment :f the TJnioo. S Their- whole policy. is Jo prtyent 4hat Iteeam - - Future Policy of 'the Adminis tration. Slave States to be Blotted Out. Letter from Hon. Wo. Whiting, Solic itor ox tne war department. From the N. Y. Tribune, Aa-ruat 11, 1863. To the Union League of Philadelphia : GewtIehew ' Your letter has been received in which you have done me the honor of re questing me to address the members of the Union League of Fhiladelpuia upon subjects connected with the present state of public af fairs. -''':;; I have expected until recently, to be able to comply with your invitation but as my engagements will, for the present, place it out of my power to do so, 1 beg permission to make a tew snsgestions tor your consnjeration. However brilliant the success of our milita ry ODerations has bas been, the country is en compassed by dangerei Two wars are still waged between the atizens of the United States a war of arms ?ind a war of ideas.- Achievements in the field cannot much; out strip the victories of the forum. While we fix our attentions upon the checkered fortunes of our heroic soldiers, and trace their marches over lulls and villages, made memorable through all time by their disasters or their triumphs ; while we are filled with alternating hopes and fears, with exultations and disap pointments ; while our lirothers and. sons are rudely torn from their homes, and the weeds of the mother and sister record in the family the tearful glory of the fallen brave ;, while the. movements of our vast armies, in all the pomp, pride and circumstance of glorious war the thunder of their guns the news of their brilliant successes fill the bead and the heart, let us not forget that there is another war waged bv men not less brave, for victories not less re nowned, than are won on battle-fields. The deadly strusgle :s between civilization and bar barism Freedom and Slavery republicanism and aristocracy loyalty and trea son. .. v The true patriot wilf-watch with profound interest the fortunes ojT this intellectual nd moral conflict, becaUsef-the issue involves the country s safety, prosperity and honor. If victory shall crown tha, efforts of these brave men who believe and trust in God, then shall all -this bloody sacrifice- be concentrated, and the years of suffering shall exalt us among the nations ; if we fa;l, no4, triumph of the brute force can compensate ike world for our un fath omable degradation, f--; Let as then endeavAf to appreciate the difficulties of our present position. Ol several subjects o which, were it now in my power, I would ask'your present attention, rhraan sneak ftfcnnJy ow--. .tMS As the success K the Union cause shall become more certain nd apparent to the enemy in various lacalitiei, they will lav lown their arms and cease fightirijr Their bitter -and deep-rooted hatred of the Government n'nd.-'f all Northern nieh who are not traitors, and of all Southern men who are loyal, will still re- main interwoven in every fibre of their hearts and will be made if possible, more intense by the '.humiliation of conquest and subjugation. The foot ot the conouerer planted' upon their proud necks will not sweeten their tempers, and their defiant and treacherous nafhre will seek to revenge itself in murders, assassinations, and all underhand methods of venting a spite which they dare not manifest by open war, and in driving out of their borders of loyal men. To suppose that a Union sentiment will remain in any considerable number of men, among a people who have strained eveiy nerve and. made every sacrifice to destroy the Union, indicates diehoiiesty, iusanity, or feebleness oT intellect. The inhabitants of the conquered districts will begin by claiming their rights to exercise the powers of government, and under the construction of State rights, to get control of the .lands, persona property, slaves, free blacks, and poor blacks, and a legalized power, through the instrumentality of State laws, made to answer theirown purposes, to oppose and pftvgnt the execution of the Constitution and laws, of the United States, withiu districts of the country inhabited by them. ' Thus for instance : When South Carolina shall have ceased fighting she will say to the President, " We have now laid down our arms ; we submit to.the authority of the United States Government. You may restore your Custom House, your Courts of J ustice ; and if we hold any public property, we give it up ; we now have chosen Senators and Representatives to Congrees, and demand their admission, and full establishment of all our State rights and our restoration to all our former privileges and immunity as citizens of the United States." This demand Is made by men who are traitors in heart ; men who hate and despite the Union ; men who nerer had a patriotic sentiment ; men who, if they could, would hang every friend of the Government. But for the sake of getting power into their own hands by our concession, which th-ey could not obtain by fighting, and for the sake of avoiding their natural crimes, they will- demand restoration under the guise of claiming State tight. What will be the consequences of yielding to this demand ? They will gain the right of managing their affairs according to their will and . pleasure. and not according to the will and pleasure of the oeople of tbe United btates. - They will be enabled by the intervention of their State laws and btate courts to put and maintain themselves in effectual and perpetual opposition to the laws and Constitution of the United States, as they have done , for thirtyi five years past, They will have the power to pasa such local laws as will effectually exelude all Northern men, all soldiers, a'J free blacks and all persona and things which shall be inconsistent with the theory of snaking . slavery the corner-stone of their -JocaL- Government ; ane they rosy makaalaverr perpetual, irv Vk lation of the law 61 lh .United States; and Mvclauatioa of the President. ; .Tbeyc may continae-the en toreero en t of ; those vlasesc of lawa againstJres speech and freedom : of the MMt: wh itih will forever Axdada Tftonnlar edn cation and aU othr. roeana-of-.mcr tial and political adeaneaaeent- -.j Tbejr may aend backvto Coogresal the same fmitora and coospiratpro who :ha? e once - .betrayed the country Into civil war and who wilt thwart and embarrass all measures tending o restore tha Union by Jiarmc-o4inr thsiniereeU aid the institutions ef tbe people j and ao be- ing introduced into camp, as the wooden horse into Troy, gain byfraud and treason that wh-ich they could not achieve by feats of arms. The insanity of State rights doctrines will be nourished and strengthened by admitting back a conquered people as pur' equals, ami its baleful influences cannot be estimated ! - Tlic solemn pledge of freedom offered to the colored citizens by Congress and by the proclamation must be broken, and the country and the Government covered with unspeakable infamy.' Even foreign nations might then justly consider us guilty of treachery of the cause of humanity and civilization. pappose, to-day, the rebellion quelled and the question, put, will you -now give to your enemy the power of making your ? Eastern - Virginia, ; Florida and Louisiana are now knocking at the door of Congress for admission into the Union, Men come to Washington, chosen by a handful of associates ; elevated, by revolution, to unaccustomed dignity; representing themselves as Union men, and earnest to have State rignts bestowed on their constituents. If their constituents are clothed with the power to constitute a State, into whose hands will that power fall? Beware of committing yourselves to the fatal doctrine ofrecognizing the existence, in the Union, of States which have been declarel by the President's proclamation to be in rebellion; For, by this new device of the enemy- this new verson of the poisonons State rights doctrine --the secessionist will be able to get back by fraud what they failed to get by fighting;. Do not permit them, without proper ' safeguards, to resume in your counsels in the Senate and the House the power which their treason stripped from them. Do not allow old States, with ' their Constitutions still unaltered, to resume State powers.Be true to the Union men of the South ; not to the designing politicians of the border States. The rebellious States contain ten times as many traitors as loyal men. The traitors will have a vast majority of the votes. Clothed with State rights under "our Constitution, they will crnsh every Union man by the irrepressible power of their legislation, lfyou would be true to the Union men of the South; you must not bind them hand and foot, and deliver, them over to their bitterest enemies. Beware of entangling yourselves witn the technical doctrine of Forfeiture of State rights; as such doctrines admit, by necess-ary implications, the operation of a code of laws and of corresponding civiLrights,; the existence of which yon deny. The solution of all pur difficulty rests in the enforcemenfagainst our public enemy, of our belligerent rights of civil war. When the insurrection commenced by ,flle-gal acts of secession and by certain exhibitions of force against the Government, in distant parts of the country, it was supposed that the insurgents might be" quelled ami peace restored without requiring a large military force, and without involving those who did not actively participate in overt acte of treason. Hence the Government, relying upon the patriotism of the people, and con fiilent iti its Mrengih. exhibited a generous torbeairancetc--warl the insurrection. . - When, at last, seventy-five thousand of the militia were called put, the President still relied upon the Union Sentiment of the South, still announced the intention not to interfere with Joyal men j out. on the contrary, to re gard their rights as still under the protection ol the Constitution. The action of Congress ii till I n mini i Tin waged by this Government was then 'ft "person al war, a war against relels j a war prosecuted in the hope and belief that the body-of the people were still friendly to the Union, who,! temporarily pver-lorne, would soon right themselves bv the aid of the army Hence, 1 Congress declared that the President proclaim ed that it was not their object to injure loyal men ; to interfere with their domestic institu tions. . . - - - This position of the Government toward the rebellious States was just, forbearing and mag nanimous, while the citizens thereof were gen erally IoyaI. Butthe revolution swept onward; the entire circle of the Southern States abandoned the Union, and carried with them all the border States which they could influence or control. - Trvinf- set un a new Government for them selves ; having declared war against us ; hair- ins sought foreign alliances ; having passed acts of non-intercourse ; having seized prablic property and made attempts to invade States which refused to serve their cause; having raised and maintained large armies and an incipient navy ; assuming, in all respects to aet as an independent, hostile nation at war with the United-States claiming belligerent rights as an independent people alone could claim them, and offering to enter into treaties ot al liance with foreign countries and of treaties of peace with ours under these circumstances they were no longer merely ; insurgents and rebels, but become a belligerent public ene my; The war was no.Ionger against4 certain nersons" in the rebellious States. It became a territorial war that is to say, a war by all persons situated . in the belligerent territory against the United States. - If we were in a war wiih England, every Englishman would 1ecome a public enemy ir respective ot his personal leenngs iowar.i America: his ships on the sea wonki oe natiie to canture : himself would ue liaole to oe Kill ed in battle, or his property situated in this country would be subject to confiscation. Bv a eirailar rule of the law of nations, whenever two nations are at war, every sub- iect of o.ie belligerent nation is a public ene- mv of the other, v : . . . " . .. An individual may be a personal menu ana . . . . a ' ' -- . a at the same time a public enemy lo the Uni ted States. The law of war defines interna tional relations. - When a civil. war in America became a. ter ritorial war, every citizen residing in the bellig erent districts became a public enemy, irrespective of his private sentiments, whether . mm ' WT . Iovaior drsloyal, mendiy or aosme, unionist of Secessionist guilty or innocent. - - . . ... As public enemies the belligerents have claimed (t n be exchanged as prisoners of war, instead of admitting bur right to hang them as murderers aud pirates. As public enemies ihv claim the right to make war upon us, in nln!n violation of man of the obligations they would have admitted if they acknowledged the obligations or claimed the protection' of oar UHlHiluiivu r- .. . . -- If they had claimed anr State rights, under our Constitution, they would not have1 viola- . ... : f m , r . - - 1 ted any ot tne provisions inereoi, timiiiDg c nowers of States.: Asserting no mch nghta. they claim immunity, from all obligations as States or as a peopfe--tothls Goyernment or to tne ubiku oui.ca. - . .Two ouestiona must be eonsUered. V -.. 1st. Wheo did tbrrtbellion :faeoome a terrf- toril. civil wkrT'-- -.--''-" ii 2d, cWbal are the rights of theeaemjr'nndeT the laws of war T ,., i i Tlie tfirst eueetioa has- been settled tSy ihe Sanreme.Coort of the United lStstejn tbe rose of.Uxe-IIiawaiha. decided en the' 9:h of March, 1833iTr In the Case which ehndld be read and studied hr eriry citizertoflLe Union :tbe members af the Coart differed in opinion as to tlie time when the war became territorial. The majority decided that when the fact of general hostility existed,, the war was territorial, and the Supreme Court was bound to take judicial cognizance thereof. The minority, argued that, as Congress alone had power to declare war, so Congress bas power to recognize the existence of war; and they contended that it was not until the actof Congress, of -July 13, 1861, commonly called the Non-Intercourse act, that a .state of civil, territorial war was legitimately. All the Judges agree in the position "that since July 13, 186 1, there has existed betwren the United States and the Confederate States a civil, territorial war." "That since that time the United States have full belligerent rights against all persons residing in the districts declared by the President's proclamation to .be in rebellion." ,. . That the laws of war, " whether that war be civil or inter gentes, con veris every citizen of the hostile State into "a public enemy, and treats him accordingly, whatever may have been hie previous conduct." ' - That all the rights derived from the laws of war, may now, since 1861, be lawfully and constitutionally exercised against all the citizens of the districts in rebellion. - Such being the law of the land, as declared by the Supreme Court, in order to ascertain what are the legal or constitutional rights of public enemies, we have only to refer to the , ettled principles of the belligerent laws of na-ions, or the laws of war. . Some of the laws of war are stated in the dissenting opinion in the case above mentioned. . v ; A state of foreign war instantly annuls the most solemn treaties between nations. It terminates all obligations in the nature 5f compacts of contracts, at the Option of the party obligated thereby. It destroys all claims of one belligerent upou; the other, except those which may be sanctioned by a treaty of peace. A civil, territorial war has the same effect, excepting only that the sovereign " may treat the rebels as subjects as well as belligerents. Hence civil war, in which the belligerents have become territorial enemies, instantly annuls all rights or claims of public enemies against the United States, under the Constitution or laws, whether that Constitution be catled a compact, a treaty, or ft covenant, and whether the parties to it were States, in their sovereign capacity, or the people of the United States as individuals. Any other result would be a as incomprehensible as it would be midchievous. A public enemy cannot, lawfully, claim the right of entering Congress and voting down the measure1 taken to subdue him !. Why not ?. Because he is. a public enemy; because by becoming a public enemy, he has. fannulled and lost his right inthe Government, and can never regain them, excepting by our consent. If the inhabitants of a large part of the Union have, by becoming public enemies, surrendered and annulled their former rights, the question arises can they recover them. Such rights cannot be regained by reason of their having ceased to tight. The character of a public enemy having once been . stamped Vpon them bv the laws of war, remains fixed until it shall have been, by our consent removed. . : .' . To stop fighting does not make them cease to le public enemies because they may have laid down their arms for want , of powder, not for want ot will. Peace does not restore the Arabia dead who. have fallen a sacrifice to trea son. WOTlWe . -I -r- ar- guishei by civil, territorial war. -The land of the Union belongs to the people ot the united States, subject to the rights of individual own ership. Each person inhabiting those sec tions of the county by the l'resident s proclamation to be be in rebellion, has the right to what belongs to a public enemy, and no mOre. He can have no right to take anv part in our Government. That right does not belong to an enemy of the country, while he is waging war or after he has the right to participate in or tossume the government of the United States only when he lias conquered the United States. We find in this well settled doctnrre of belligerent law the solution of all questions in relation to the State rights. Atter the inhabitants of a district have become" public ene mies they have no rights, either fstate or per sonal against the United .States, lhey are belligerents only, and have left to them . only belligerent rights. s " Snnoose that all the inhabitants living in South Carolina should be swept off, so that solitude should reign throughout its borders unbroken by any living thing, would the State rights ot rsouiu Carolina sun exiai ns aviacueu . ' jm f .- - " 1 ."II . . " m. 1 J to the land itself? Can there be a sovereignty without a people. or-a State without inhabitants ? State rights, so far as they concern the Union, are the rights of persons, as members of a State, in relation to the General Government; and then the person has become a public enemy, then he loses all rights except the rights ot war. And when all the inhabitants have (by engaging in civil, territorial war) become public ene mies. H is the same, in legal eiieci. as inougn the inhabitants hal been annihilated. So tar as this Government is concerned, civil war ob literates all lines of States or countries; the onlv lines recognized by war are the lines which sepa ate us from a pubuc enemy I do not place reliance upon Ihe common law doctrine of forfeitures and franchises as annlieable to this revolution, for forfeiture can be founded on the admission of the va liditv of the act in which forfeiture is found- ed. - - ' - . mf - Nor does the belligerent law of civil -territo- riai war, whereby a public enemy loses bis rights as a citizen, admit the right of secession that makes anindividual a puoiic enemy. A - nerson may" commit heinous .onensea rftinst municipal jaw. - ana conimu acts oi hostility against tne uoveromeni, wimou. oe in r a nublic enemy. To be a personal enemy in not be a irablic enemy to the country, in the vm eti helliirererit or international law. Who so engages in an insurrection is a personal en emy. but it is not until that insurrection has a swelled into territorial war, that he becomes a public enemy. - It mnstalso fee -remembered that the right - - . . . . . . . of secessioa is not conceded by enforcement of ltellirerent law. since ia Civil war a nation. has the right to treat its citizens either as subjects n, lllierents- or sa both. Hence, while belligerent law destroys an claims ot euujecia mfaped ia civil - war. aa again t the parent Government, it -does not-, release the aubject from his duties to that Government.. By war the subject loses his rights, but dpecnot irirje his obligations: - -Vi' -. Tba ta habitants of Ihe.ccnqaerea, aistncts (has !,lpse their -righta ftp govern jitsV bat will not. escape theirv obligation f to ob"6f.:hs.- Whatever Tight are left thetri, beside the tight tof" war: -will bwrrach as -wi'boe to allow lbet9 ltM for us to oietate to rai wiw them uto'4tat PA M "hat j jriTue-w tpey Amnn'the war measures sanctioned by the : SZZiTi lnondhiS Cnn. SITias fwed j -solemn Jaws, J Jh - yited them to share the dangers, the honor1 and the advantages of sustain isg the Union, and bas pledged itself to the world lor their freedom. -. - '---'' Whatever disasffrs m.-y befall our arms, whatever. liumiliation may be in store . for ua, it ia earnestly hoped that we may be saved the unfathomable infamy of breaking the nation's faith with Europe, and with colored citizens . and slaves in the Union. Now, if the rebellious States shall attempt to return to the Union with Constitutions guaranteeing the perpetuity of slavery if tha laws of those States shall be again revived and put ia force against free blacks and slaves. - we shall at once have reinstated in the Union; in ail its force and wickedness, that very curse which has brought on the war and all its terrible train of suff erings. The war is fought by slaveholders forthe perpetuity of slavery. ; Shall we hand over to them, at the end of the war, just what they have been fighting for f Shall our blood and treasure be spilled uee- : lessly upon the ground Shall the. country not protect itself against the evil whirdt has caused all our woes? Will you breathe new life into the strangled serpent, when, without your aid, he will perish ? If you concede State to rights yourenemies,--what security can you have that traitors will not pass State laws which will render tbe po - sitiou of the blacks intolerable; or reduce them to slavery f i Would it be honorable on the part of the United States to free these men and then hand them over to the tender mercy of (slave awsf Will it be possible that state slave laws should exist and be enforced by slave States. without overriding the rights guaranteed by the Unitad States law to men ' irrespective of- color, in the slave States? Will you run the nsk of lhee angry ool- i-dons of State and National laws while you have the remedies and antidote in your, own' hands? . One of two things should be done in order to keep .faith with the country and save ua-from obvious peril. Allow the inhabitants or conquered t em to- ry to form themselves into atates.-oniy oy . adopting Constitutions such as will forever remove all cause of collision with the United States, by excluding slavery therefrom, or con-tinue military Government over the conquered Imtrict until there shall apear therein a sum- . cient number of loval inhabitants to form a Republican Government, which, by guaran teeing freetlom to all, ehall be in accordance with the true spirit of the Constitution or tne United States. These safeguards of freedom are requisite to render permanent the domes- : . -. -, - f . , i - i . , - - ic tranquility oi me country;, w men me wn titution, itself, was formed to sec ore, and which it is the legitimate object of this war to maintain. With great respect. Yonr obedient' servant, WILLIAM W II I TI NO. rrrom the Wayne County Demeerrtt. : Kidnappin4;' in Medina. NYeinvite the attention to the following let- . ter. If the people approve or tolerate tucfl - - conduct, no man's liberty is secure for one moment. The Republican party. Once the professed champion of personal liberty, has become the appologist of such infamous out-rageaas the one related below. Fvery person who votes that ticket encourages mob law, theft, tyranny and dismion : Editor cf Vie TVayna County Democrat : . Sia : You will please publish the follow-ng as a beautiful specimen of Republican Lib' crty : ' :-.-': -' - Yesterday, Aug. 31st two men. strangersv : entered the marble shop ot Geo. R. Sillet St Co., in this villiage, and without, any words seized upon one of the workmen as a pn oner. They were politely asked bv Mr. Sillet, who is j " ..- " el . - a a uepublican ami a very peaceaoie citizen, oy what authority they took that man, when lone revolvers were instantly pointed at his breast; saying there is our authority, and we will take him as a aesener, ii we nave io lane mm over-the dead body of Jesus Christ. Mr. Sillet; feeling a gool deal chagrined at such treat- . ment. w ithout any words or pro vocation, Step-ped out to see if such men were not obliged to' ; show their authority, when the man was in- ; stantly' seized and dragged in a leuggy and hur-ried out' of town as fast as horse could travel. , Who they were, what they were, or where tbey - came from, ia not known. . The only thing ex- . plaoatory of such doings was their exclaiming1 as they left that he, meaning . Sillet, was a damned Copperhea'l. Such atrocities in a free' country, need no comments by me. - ii. Urn. Titanic God tar. Lincoln! Last Prod4 nation. This was the ejaculation that yesterday ev luted our ears from an active and sterling Democrat- Somewhat .surprised we turned to him and asked the meaning of the sentiment Why. said he.ifyoa had been in the city as I was yesterday, an i heard the strong censure and disapproval that wa risited upon Jjifi-F coin's late proclamation cuspending; personal liberty, not only from JJemoerais, oat irom -ooderate' and Treasonable Republicans, you would be well satisfied on account of its whole-'-some political effect.- 1 tell you that procla mation has added ten thou w mi uemocrauo vptes to tlie ticket in Ohio. Every body saya why destroy the authority t-f the civil Courts in States where there is no rebellion or insur rectionwhere peace reign -and where there is no obstruction to the laws. The fact that it is done alarms everybody for - the liberties' of the people, and lhexeenlt will be a treroen- loos expression ol disapproval as toe pons. Cin. Eng. . .- . : ; :- . ; .- v. - Proportion of Males aid Fcjoalei iii tksj uiutea oubtes.-- . . In MaaachnesUs the femalee Autnnmber the males oma 37,600, arid ia .New York there is a email preponderance, of females, but in fennsyirania tue maies are more numerous. ; This difference between on State, and the' whole of the States, is in a great part owing to tbe large number oCteukaleaetapioyed in the maaufactonea in the Eastern. State, ana tne great emigration of the itien.tft' ,the new States, especially those oif the Pacific coast; The males in California outnatnbertbe femslea near 67,000, or about one-fiftfc of the popoia- . lation. Ia Illinois the eice of males amounts to about 02.000, or ooe-twelfth of tha entire populatioti. Micia thows near 40.-OOOexcees of males t Texas, 36.000 Wia-ia.fJOX I a Colorado; the males, arc twenty to one maIarBostoa Trwler. - p'oser: . ; V . , . "'' Thfc ia the beat thinjt harrj aeen, A preacher, said to a .DeraoCtalv Ilowaar Ton rote fpr aUieJ B&cawcte.r7-tTT- The gentlemao quietly and tc3 ecxer:' reyereqtiy relied:' 4? ilpwr, eanj Divink Ifjiter w4pm ron rrofese to f. Uawt r and who was irfed.ed .'ad.eajtadIfcr Mtio