Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1859-07-19

              VOLUME XXIII. MOUNT VERNON, OHIO : TUESDAY, JULY 19, 1859. NUMBER 13. .IV $Tf. Uesrpor) etooclrq1!c Sonnet" .-'is rcuuatu iriv titksdat Momma, V D I,. IIABPEIl. HJfflce in TToodward'a Block, Third Story "TERMS- Two Dellars par annum, payable in advance; $2,J0 within six months: 93,00 after the ex-fjviMrtT rftte7r. Clnhs of twenty, $1,50 each. THE .VEir-MOWS n iY. Y CHiRLES HACKKT. '- Tnn"Oi wliws dart from mIUkj eaves, Tha farmer dreant of barley hevea;; When applet p f among the Inure. Ao'l -woodbines (cent the way- We lore to fly from daily care, .. 'To breath the country buxuoi air ' To j;in our hand n j form a rinr "To laujrh anil upon m-1 dauue aui , Auiil the noff-iutjwu luyl A t tranxer eoraei with eyes of blue: Quoth he, "I'm-Lot, the youth and truo; I wih to pass an hour with you. This pleasant summer day." .-"Come in! come in! yoa saucy elf!-. And who' your friend?" '-TU Friendship self.' "Cotne each come both, our sports to shajo; There' welcome kind, and room to (pure, Amid the new-uowu hay.". : The rinj; fs formed, but who are these? 'Come t')l your errand, if you ploao; Yoa look so ur and ill el easo : You dim the face of day." "Ambition!" "Jeatouy!" and "Strifu!" And '-Soorn!" ani'Ve-irioos of Life," . "If uch your names, we hate your kin,' Thia place is full, you oaa't coins in ' Auiid the new- mown bay. Another guest come bounding by, With brw unwrinklod. f lirand hi.sfh ..With sun-burnt lace and rogish eye, And.aks your leave to (y. Qoth he, "I'm Fen, youf right good friend!"-"Coma in! coiariu; with you we'll cud!" Aud thus we frolio in a ring And tbu Bf laugh, and dunno, and sing. Amid the new. mown bar. Ffr We epy the littJeetTu.-ion below from the JCVw York Ledger. The fir.t i us tureet a a fcWeet- vtulet, with a 1irop of silver dew at iu heart, and tbo ccond.a wild t'.t sobbing of the eea iu Cue )aiues of luidui;; lit Tain. LouixvilU Journal. -- - T KUXA jtllCK BEOWAK. Ohrspirit-uiiit! the years gone by i A deidte thins I grew, Lil'iiujr my h-art like a lily athlrat l-'ur the vhitittl ki of dew. I cried for I jve a a. -hild fo help Crio. loit rn a floweryplain--Lo! iuv oul is bowed with the beautiful gift - Like a lily w'or-full of rain! And tbo con-i.un e?s I am bVlovM To the full of thy poet-grace Cliiuba crimsoning from iny happy heart LUco a suuri .o to lujr mm. And fir Ihy rake the pi toua aoow, . That nioition-c' my roes down, Ilntb quickened into the blurb thincs In tbo aauitucr bridal vrottu. Oh. come when the beautiful flowers awako ' ; Frooi their long, wintry dream, Yi'ben the winds in tb budding woods keep time To tbo lnudio of every treaiu. " When the vunrhine flows from tbo bluhiu oat, Like n cr ful ri ver of (iod,: And the kUr of boaTeii nre paled aw.iy lij the glories of the ud. "And in the plae that own me qneon. . Where the wild wnvr mij and fall . . Of soa-j to the bent f..uiy pirit-win3 1 witl crowu thee King of all! ill I. nr.'. . We are inuub uilaken if the f,llowiif article will not be! fimnl interetiu(f to pur ailiilt readers, as well m the class fur which it i ee'pe-ciallydtiEned.A WOSD TO CHILDREN A3DUI.TEE - ; WAR. . . ' "Now tell ns all about the" War, And what they killed each other for," South bt. - Uott of yoa have heard, I dare say. the rumor of a war in Europe. I see no reason why those of jou who tuJj history an i : geography should uot have some intellieot idea of these erenta. And if yoa would like, I will undertake to tell you aomethiiifr about tbem. Yoa will not be able to understand me, how-ver, without your allaA. Now. opvn to the map of Europe -uuliiM you really do this, it will uot b worth while to read any further and imagine the countries painted here alive; the mountaius covered with now, the Talleyi greea and filled with farm and villages. Let these black river lines appear, as they are, blue flowing streams covered with vessel and lined with trees and rock. The town are alive with busy inhabit, ants; in one, a single bouse contains fifteen hau. dred people. The spot to which you want to direct your at-tention is to the northern part of Italy; thin is the seat of war. Yoa have learned from geography that Italy is divided into many , distinct States or kingdoms. Some of these are independent, and others are rnled by foreign powers. For many years the country has been oppressed by fbreien governments, and longing for freedom; now and then it baa burst into rebellion. So great have been the sufferings that it has been called, not, untruly, the jlwelling-placa of sor-rowi.The greatest enemy of Italian liberty of late rears baa bees Austria. This great empire, lying next to Italy oo the north, doea not love lib trty to any form. One of the fairest portions of Italy, and not a email one, is now subject to Austria the king-does of Lombard; and Venice. By looking on Urge map of Italy, you will find this kingdom i the north-eastern part, with the river Po on the r outh,mnd the Alpe oo the north. The river TU cino, flowing from lake Maggiore, to the Po, di idea U from the kingdom of Sardinia. ' Austria baa ruled her with an iron hand since ' J815, crushing tixt least ahow of a spirit of lib- arty by the severest punishment. The spirit of . nDenion naa been all the while working, and the tier Italian state, through tear and hatred of y AMUi, are ready to help the LomUrda, to free-2om. CarCnia, iu particular, baa aet beraelf a-Tc: Austria. MTtereU very great lova of : . j wtf mmi aue xeeie caued ca V to defend the freedom of her sister states. Sardinia is ruled by Victor Emanuel, a young prince much beloved by the people. He appears to be a true patriot, cariog more for the good of the people than fur his own glory. Across the kingdom . of Sardinia, as it lies on the map, you will see the name of Piedmont foot of the mountain. This i the country where lived the people who stood out so lonjr against tbe Romish Church. You have all read stories of the Piedmoutese, their persecution and heroism. The; have always nourished the love of freedom, aud are now the prime movers iu the rebellion against Austria. They are said to resemble our New Eulaud country population holding the satae spirit of liberty aud indepeud- After many calls from the other states, this kin lorn molvod to say to Austria that it could nil longer oppress Italy. Accordingly, to show that it Jueant as it spukej it biran to put itself in a state of detains l,y. Sllin; up the arruy, So the soldiers who were with their fauiilies in the valleys auJ mountains, were called to the cities to be armed and equipped, large stores of provisions were laid in, and ail preparations made for war. This is called pulling the army on a war footing. The army always exists; but, in times of peace, many of the soldiers aid allowed to be at home, on furlough. Besides, many volunteer or are compelled to serve for the first lime, iu time of war. j " ' -'- This movement was not agreeable to Austria. So Francis Joseuh. th Einnxrnr. tent word b J r ' ; " r ' ----- j his ministers to Strdini.i, to have the kingdom j disciritied. This was refused, and then Austria threatened to send her army iuto Sirdiuia if it wt" iiov uone. Now, as soon as it appeared that Austria and Italy would ijiiarret, ull the eyes of Europe looked up t nee what was the inttter. For one part of the Continent cannot suffer, but all feel it. Fhrt other jrowei-iiiueiitSr fitidinj- iut the trouble, at Grit tried to muke pem-e. England, in . particular, did everj thing to prevent it. But it was all of. iio use. And as it would not do to allow a great empire lilu Austria to coDqiier lulr, the other tiations foil obliged to iuterfere. And jou will suppose some of those prosjer-ous touutries would offWr to help poor Italj? Oh, yen;, her great neighbor Fi ance, the wealtLy empireVon the north west, hhook hands with her sir.d fluid: " Never mind; we'll whip. Austria for youl'' Now the fact is France owes Austria an old jrrude. and this may b one reason she was " ready to give her men nud money to Italy. So there was a inarriae letween a French prince, and an'Itali'an princess, and the people all felt very safe and comfortable. Cut a great many sliak-iheir hei.i)d ear that Louis Napo-"0 is not so t'enerous; that he me.ane' to help . biiu-.selt' as Wtli as Italy; and that" sho mihl aa welt have Austria as France for a master.. The other uations, too, are all Ptirrin. Some offr to join their friends in case they are pushed hard; aud others send thirty or forty thousaud meu ta kaep watch, and look out for their interests. This is called posting an army of obaerva-lioii. England sends an army of observation to wateli some properly of hers iu thw neihborhaod, the Ionian Isles, and Gibfahar iuSpaiii. Ilossia Joes tbo same. The E.uperor of AiMtriii at length, ordered his army to cross the Tiuino, the boundary line between Lombard y and Sardinia, you will remember. This commenced the war. Then there was a trreat bustle and hurry all through France and Italy. Thousands of Italian peasants, from all parts of lulv, left their fields gladly, shouting for V'ictor Etnrnanuel. and j lined the troops goiug to Piedmont. And the; French soldiers began to move from every hill and valley, vine yard and firm, crowding the rod t-V the great twus, where thy were enrolled and equipped to fiiihifor Italy. Paris was thronjed; the Railroad car carried loads to the aouthern parts ot France shouting VitxT llalU. and singing patriot songs. Some of them were ulad to ga, but many thousands leave their families to starve, while they are shot down, it may be in a foreign tand But they are compelled to go if called. To-day the diTisions are hurrying to the south France, to Lyons, where they march east to cross the mighty Alps, OTer the pass of Mt. Cenis, now covered with suow. and to Toulon, where they take the boats to Genoa. These two places you will fiud on ihe Mediterranean Touloniu France Genoa in Italy. The last news that reached us left them toiling over the mountain and cOTering the sea, striving to reach Turin bafore the Austrians." This is the capital of Piedmout, and it is supposed the enemy will try to take it the first thing. It is a very beatiful town filled with magnificent building, and in its suburbs are the royal palaces. It is in this neighborhood, then, that the war begins. By this time the first battle has been fought, aud hundreds of those gay soldiers laid io the dust. But of this I cannot stop to speak now. With the belp of this explanation you will be able to trace the progress of the two armies, and by looking at the newspapers when there is an arrival from Europe, keep up with the war. " We hope, with all the noise, Ital; will gain her freedom. But we very much fear she will fare as did the cats when the; called in the raoukej to divide their cheese. Most men in this part of the world are keeping a sharp eye on Louis Napoleon; they rather suspect his friendship fox Italy; and perhaps you bad better do the same. War sometimes seems almost too great a pries to pay for political freedom, but when it onl gratifies the ambition of two or three men, it ia a great curse. y. T. Ji-deptndenU r ' IS "La mr aigfaed Mr. Partington, here I have been suffering the bigamies of death for three mortal weeka. First I was seised with a bleeding phrenology ia the left hampshire of the brain, which was exoeeded by a stoppage of the left ventilator of the heart. This gay me the imflanamatioa of the borax, and now fa sick with the chloroform aorbos. Thr is bo bles sing IUtt tbt Of tttl'X ttanicakrlv wb ftfl MR1 eick - - - : - : , '-; " ' re Jfunnugnips. ZSf When are writers like cattle? When the are driven to the pen. . - " "This is a grale prospect,! as the prisoner said in peeping out of his cell window, . .: t&. There is a fellow in Illinois so dirt that the assessors have put him down as "real estate." eg A French writer is represented as calling dyspepsia "the remorse of a guilty stomach." &&" Why is a mushroom like a dandy? Be-caureit is rapid ia growth, slim in its trunk, and thick in its head. . t&- A physician once advised Sydney Smith to take a walk upon an empty stomach. "Whose frtomach?" asked the wit. fs? It is said to be a faot that nearly every woman in tha citv h one or m rs "skeletons" in her closet. B$!on Post, . C3Fkp5d age. is coming "on me rapidly," as the urchin said when stealiug apples fro .nan old man's garden. Hj saw the owuar comlug coa-hi le in hand . "-' Qy A teetotaler, the other dav, asked a neighbor if ha was n jt . inclined to the Temperance Society, and he rep'ied: -Yos; for when he saw liquor 7tv vt nth wile red." ; ' CS?" The grdat race between a niht mare and a clothes horse Came off last week. The man who entered the mare wsiu'l wido awaWe. so the horse toik the prize. m : t& A man having asked ''bow many dog days there we.'e in the rear,' received the answer, th-it ft w-ts i in possible to number them, as 'every dog has his da v." ?t, y i't iiv dita l your , latter a wee's ahead. It is u it si lata iu the m nth b a week, you sptlpaiii. " froth, boy, inada an its jist ntesilf th-t i wanting swet rTathleeu to iret.il in a lyanca of the m iil. Sure I'll not Care if she git it thre dys afr ' it is written, me darlint." t "Wherever I go," said a gentleman re-mrkabln for his Sta'.e pride, "I am sure to find sensible men from my own Stte."' "No won-dei," S lid ilia person .he was addressing, "for every in in of that State who has au sease, leaves it as fast as he can." aST I'ell mi ye winded winds that round ray pub way ror. d. ye kuo w so ne q iiet spot where hoops are worn no more? So ne loua and silent dell, some island or same cave, where womn can walk three abreast alon the village pive? The loud win Is hissai ar n ial my f sue, and suickerinsr answered, "nary placel" i picture of (Dkrliit. OBEKtlN AS ir IS, Tho f dlowing deliirbtful picture of that estimable locality, so famous for fanaticism, is from a letter in the Cincinnati Commercial, apparent ly written by , an editorial correspondent. The picture is so faithful aud the authority so sound Republican, that a perusal, of it will doubtless prove highly tutcresling aud etitt-rUiiuiLg to our readers: . . .. From Elria I passed to Oberlin, a place of three thousand inhabitants, where is located the celebrated O'oerliu University, ot which all the world knows something. The complexion of Oberlin is b!ck and blue either shade predominating, as the light shines . upon it. An air of scholastic egotism, combined with fierce and vindictive fanaticism; bangs about the place, completely saturating all who7 live iu it. The inhabitants live upon the slavery question. It is . their meat aud drink. They ate literally soaked in it, They scorn and repudiate the de fensive position of conservative Republicanism and assume the aggressive, with an abiding faith in their final triumph. From their entrenched position iu the north of Ohio, they fire their big guns incessantly, not even wailing for the metal to cool, at the "sum of all villanies" in Georgia and S uih Carolina. ; A long range, it is true, but like the 11 6u the bull's horn, they fondly imagitie imy are the cause of all the dust kicked up in the past few yes rs. The oberlin philosophers are eminently pugnacious.' In piety, philanthropy or politics, tbey would rather force a point than train it peaceably. It is use. less to reason with them. Clad ia a tripple coat of fanatio bisjotry, their brains addled with crude, indigestible theories for. compelling man kind to reform their abuses, they are impervious alike to the shafts of ridicule and the sword of truth. Nothing so much delights our Oberlin philosophers as toentrap an unsuspecting stranger into an argument. Like the Milesian gentleman at the Fair of Douhybrook who was "spiling for a fight, the chellelah uf an Oberlin is describing a perpetual circle of flourishea, while he entreats you to tread on the tail of his coat. A large number of students, male and female probably 700 or 800 are in attendance at the University. The course of study is "thorough," and calculated to so muddle an ordinary intellect as to totally unfit it for the pratical duties of life. Lucy Stone, Antoinette Brown, and others of the strong-minded "sisters," graduated at this institution, v A few years ago the sages of Oberlin resolved they would discontinue tho use of sugar, and thus cut off the revenue of the slave owners; they did so, and for timv drank their bohea and hyson skiu unsweetened; eschewed pies and cakes, and "preserves" and jams, and for a time ruined the candy shops, and enjoyed '-the sweet rewards of conscious piety. But the world wagged as usual. The slave labored and sweaf-1 ed and stank in the Louisiana cane fields. Gastronomy triumphed over conscience, and the saints, like the washed sow, returned to the wallow, . - .' . . '. ," : Prof. Finney, the celebrated revivalist, attd the bead and front of the "Perfection school of religion, holds forth at his church in this, place, though he is at present absent in Europe. Many anecdotes are told of ths eccentricities of this singular maa. On one occasion in the midst of prajer, tho Professor, is said to have thus introduced, himself .to ths notica of ,ths Lord ".od hert; 0 Lard, is thy fsrraot, Prpf. Finoe, ready and anxious to be used up io thy service; but we pray thee, if consistent with tb will, let him be used up as tcoaoaixcaU atpot-nible." In the same effort, the Professor thus took off Prof. Morgan: "And here, Lord, is Brother John Morgan; Lord, ihoa knowest be has more seuse than all of us, but O Lord, be is so lasy.." At another time, while in the midst of a discourse, Brother Morgan entered the church behind, time, with a pair of new boots which squeaked horribly as he walked up the aisle. The Professor abruptly stopped in the middle of a" sentence, turued and cut dowu Brother John Morgan . with "Rrother Morgan, where did you get thone boots?" r The gcxd people of Oberlia are at presant terribly excited about the imprisonment of the actors in the rescue case, The Throne of Grace is beseiged, night and morning, with petitioners who pray that the LtfrJ will strike off the ahac kles of those who af bouad iu every country, and especially and im mediately liberate the saints now in durance vile in the Cleveland jail. ' Altogether, Oberlin is a representative place, and we do uot wish to dwell on it or in it. - -yr':-l L. n. c. A Terrible Deed of Blood. The Detroit Free Press of the 1st inst. givea th folio wingaccount of a bloody tragedy which occurred some - fourteen miles from that city a few days ago: While the family ware aeated at the table, accompanied by a man named Ma-hew, an altercation arose between Fulton and his wife, provoked by her refusal to oome to town with him and his companion the next morning. Her excuse was, that she would uot be seen in the company of such persons, both being intoxicated. The quarrel wAs continued for some length of time, when Fulton exclaimed that he would fix her, and got op from the table and went for his gun. Returning with it, be pointed it at her and pulled the trigger. Immediately at the moment of his taking aim she dodged back, and the charge of shot passed by her, striking a little prl who sat near her in the head, tearing off the upper portion of the skull and scatterin? her brains iu all directions. Tbe Gaii'l then clubbed the gun and commenced to beat his wife on the head, and continued to do so until the gun was broken to pieces. The man who wm present made no effort to prevent hi in peipetratiug tbe crime, but left the houte and went to that of a neighbor, who soon went to the scene of the tragedy aud found the floor of the house bespattered with blood, the child Tying ou the floor weltering in its gore, the mother being disabled by the blows of the. monster who had attempted her life. .Tbe little one tiTV .Vx krt. 1 ":; i ft ml.-. C-i ton did not deny the act, but said be meant to kill his wife. The poor woman may recover. Another Atlantic Telegraph Scheme. The British Trans-Atlantic Telegraph Company proposes to avoid Newfoundland so as not to be hampered with the conditious there imposed. The line will be laid between the Lands End iu Cornwall aud the Islaud nf Blanc Sablou in the Gulf of. St. Lawrence. : From. thence another ca- I b!e will be Iail to the inland of Anticosti, which will bring it into direct communication with liues t Quebec Montreal, tc. Auotber short line to Cape Bretnu will be laid, connecting with Halifax, New York, Boston, &c The contractors offer to make the cable, insure it, submerge it aud deliver it to the Company in working order for a sum not to exceed 350,00.0. A great part of the capital is already subscribed. . Senator Ijugls rtter. Letter From Senator Pag-U to Mr. Hofer, in relation to thr Tijfh: and liabilities of nataralizsi Americana. : Cincinnati, June 2 1st., 1853. Dear Sir. I have read your letter to General Cass, together with bis answer and jour comments in the Volksfreund of the 18th instant. The question it not entirelf new to me: I had occasion to examine it last winter, and endeavored to bring it before the Senate by a resolution adopted on the 2d of February, requesting cop ies of the correspondence betweeu our Government and the Government of Prussia upou that subject. Those copies were not furaisheJ, bow-ever, while the-Senate remained ia session, and probably because the negotiation with Prussia was yet unfinished. If General Cass intends whaf yon seem to suppose, aacuely, that every native of Prussia, or Austria, or France, enrolled in the reserve or militia (Land wchr) and thus rendered liable to military duty, continues subject to such duty, notwithstanding' his naturalization under, our laws, I agree that the opinion is altogether untenable. It is of no importance (as I . view this question) whether the return of a naturalized oitizan to Prussia, or Austria or France, be vol. uutary or involuntary; because if be is subject to military duty as to a debt or obligation not dUcharged by naturalization in the UniUd States such duly . can as well be in forced in a case of involuntary return, impressment, captivity, or shipwreck; nay, it can be asserted within the dominion of a neutral power, or, even by means of a treaty of extradition) ia our own aaidst. ; '' ' " . - . I am satisfied that no such dut remains, or ; can be recognized by the United. States for one oonent, after naturalisation. Birth in a par-' ticular place doea rot -necessarily compel alleg iance to tbe sovereigcty of that place: for the child of American pareoti, altbca ;h born in a foreign countr, does not. require uaturalitaticn i by our laws. He is a citizen of the United States, from ths Urns of his birth, as fully as if born, her.' ' . - - ' Residence) in any ' country, solong as it eon-1 linnes, will subject ths part resident to tbe law of that eouotrr; and we presume reaidrnce, or ' diaartiyt fiota ths mere) fact of birth. - But this prettuaspt-ou is rebntted, and complete! overcome, by change of resideDce, accompanied b other acu denoting the Intention f the part ' to cxpalrjtte Uaastlf. -A maa burn ia Pnusia, therefore, who has become a resident of the United States, and taken tbe oath of naturalization, is no longer a sut ject of tbe king of Prussia in any sense, nor to any extent whatsoever. He rever can become a Prussian subject, in fact unless by removing to Prussia, and obtaiuing a new, fixed, permanent residence there. It is only necessary to read our -Naturalization Law to be convinced of this. The act of Congress, approved April 14th. 1802, requires that every alien (in order to beccme a citizen) shall upon oath or affirmation, "absolutely and entire-ly renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to every foreign prince,, potentate, or sovereignty whatever, arsjT particularly, by name the prince, potentate, state or sovereignty whereof he was BaFoKE a citizen or sulject." How absurd to say, after exacting such an oath or afSrmatiou, that the United States ought to acknowledge, as yet in existence, a claim of milita ry service on the part of the sovereign toward whom "fidolity" as well as "allegiance" have been thus absolutely and entirely renounced and adjured I To acknowledge any such claim, after naturalization, is (ia effect) to compel the party naturalized to violate the verjp oath or adrmatioo demanded of him. I do not understand, however, that General Cass eolerlaiua the doctrine which you attribute to him. Tbe real diSiculty is that bis attention has not been called, specifically ,to the question which you proposed to me. Every able-bodied subject of Prussia, for instance, must serve in the army, during a period of three years, between the ages of eighteen and thirty; and is liable to be again called into actual service, as the publio exigencies ma require, until he has passed his sixtieth year. If ths "duties or penalties" to which General Cass refers, as exisliug at the time of emigration, are such as result from mere liability to service, in the army, no Prussian can safely be come a citizen of the United Slates nnless he emigrated from Prussia after sixty years of age. But General Cass evidently d jes not so intend: the "duties" of which be speaks are those of actual service, already commenced, before emigration; and tbe "penalties" are those which at. lach to tbe desertion of a soldier, while actually in service, or under arms. His language is: "If at that time they were in army, or actually called into it, such emigration and natutaliza-tiou do not exempt them from tbe legal penalty which tbey incurred by their desertion." Now that term "desertion" is only applicable to a soldier in actual service, onder arms, who abandons his colors without leave. It does not even apply to a man who abandons his countr in order to avoid becoming a soldier. The same distinction exists in our State as wM a leawoarew tm -cuuuisUva of OHiv article ninth, section first, declares. "All white male citizens, residents of this State, being eighteen years of"age, and under the age of torty-five years, shall be enrolled in the militia, and perfdPm military duty in such itiauuer, not incompatible with the Constitution and laws-of the United States, as ma Le prescribed by law." ' The Constitution of the United States, article second, eighth section, authorises Congress: "To provide for caliinir forth the militia to execute the laws of the Unioa, suppress instir rectious, and repel icvasions; . "To provide for organizing, arming, and dis cipliniug the militia, and for covcrnino such pixrl of- then as may be employed in Vie service oj me UtUed btates; reserving to the States, respectiveiv. the appointment of the officers, and ihe authority of training the militia accor ding to the discipline prescribed by Congress." Clear!, therefore, such male citizen of Ohio, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, -is liable to perform militar dbty, and is to be enrolled for that purpose." But until actually called forth, in perauanee of law, and mus tered into actual service, he is not a soldier of the United States is not subject to the President of the United States as commander-in-chief of the army, and cannot be tried, by a court-martial, for an offence against the. United Slates, whether it be desertion, or disobedience or something else. The fuurth amendmeut of the Federal Con stitution secures this: "No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service, iu lime of war or public danger. . . There is a distinction, wide and manifest, between liabi.it to service and actual service a distinction which, aa I think, General Cas mant to observe. If a native of Prussia, for instance, should leave that couatry, between the ages oi eighteen and thirty, without having served in the army, or before the age. of eighteen, no military service can be exacted from bim, by the government of Prussia, after bis naturalization here; but if he had actually begun his service in the army; and afterwards deserted, before the period of three years had expired, naturalization will uot relieve him from the "penalties. of such desertion. Those penalties may, under the lew of fru&sia, consist of military service, or fine, or iiu prison meiit; but the are the penalties of an offense committed before naturalization, and not the acknowledgment of any allegiauee or fideli tv whatsoever. I understand this to be what i.; General Cass meaus; and it is in accordance with the language of Governor Marcy (while Secretary of State) in the case of Taussig: IJaving bee o once sulject to the municipal laws of Austria, and while under ber jurisdiction violated these laws, his withdraw 1 from that jurisdiction and acquiring a different national character would sot exempt bim from their operation whenever be egaiu cbose to place bim. self onder them. Ever nation, whenever its laws; are violated by any one owing obedience to th-w, whether be be a citizen or S stranger, has a lijtu to inflict the pen allies ineurred upon the trankfrreasor. if found within its jurisdiction. The easel is oo altered by the character of the laws, nuleas tbey are in derogation of the well-esubliahed international code. " No nation has a right to supervise the municipal code of anotar natioa, or claim that its citizens o subjects shall be exempted from the operation of such ode, if the have voluntary placed themselves under it The chsracter of tba fljuaicipol laws r.f ere country does mt furnirh a just ereend for other States to interfere with the execution of tbeee laws, even opoa thtir fwu cUueca, ahea the have gone into that countr and subjected them- selves to its jurisdiction.' jarisdjet L It is not because a naturalized citizen of the United States, who returns to the place of his nativity, in pursuit of business or pleasure, will thereby lose his citizenship or national character; but because even a native-born, citizen who should enlist in a foreign arm, and then desert, would subject himself to all the penalties of de sertion whenever he returned to tbe dominion of the sovereignty against which be thus offended. Our Government could no more interpose ia the one case than ia the other. I am, sir, very, respecifu.lf, your obedient servant, G. E. PUGU. A. V. Uorea, Esq., Presenr. From the Washington Constitution. Tho Administiation of James Buchanan. Time, the true developer of men fnd things, is now manifesting to the enlightened public mind of this country and of the world the wis dom of the people iu placing iu the executive chair the experienced and sagacious statesman who now occupies it. We propose to show, by indisputable facts, and by acts accomplished, that in all the departments ot the Government State, Treasury, War, Navy and Interior, and Attorney General's Office unusual vigor, energy and effect have been exhibited in their control aud workiuj under the present Administration. " Much of what has been accomplished in these respects in the various departments is undoubtedly due to tbe zeal and ability of their respective chiefs. Yet, whilst according to them all due merit for proper performance of duty, the pen of the historian couples indissoluLlyJihe success or fsilure of any brauch of tbe Govsrumeot with the came of the Chief Magistrate. The true, manly, straight-forward way of meeting all difficult questious, foreigu and domestic, which have arisen since, or were on hand oo the da of Mr. Buchanan's inauguration, has resulted in tbe peaceful, settlement of affairs which with a less wise head or a less firm hand, might have been decided by the arbitrament of the sword. The settlement of the long-vexed and important question of the right of search the display of the power of the United States to tbe South American governments iu tbe successful management of the Paraguay expedition, resulting in the peaceful opening of those immeuse regions hitherto sealed almost to the rest of the world, to e rce, and the civilization -and en-ngbtenment which always secompsniM if; rd the completion of treaties with China aud Japan, constitute of themselves great events to be effected in the short time Mr. Buchanan has held the Presidency. He has not onl extended the power and influence of the country abroad by opening new and extensive fields for the commercial enterprises of our people, but at home, by firm and temperate measures and a wise policy, he has established peace where anarchy reigned, and where a blind fanaticism hoped the struggle would not end until the horrors of a civil war would light up the cottages of her settlers, and the beautiful plains of Kansas be dyed with tbe blood of those who should Jive, as they now do, as friends and brethren. Another matter which like an ugly ulcer, was entering steadily into the body politic, and for which others had in vain sought for a remedy to heal, received his alien tion, aud, if not yet entirely cured, it has receiv ed such a check as to take from it the power to do p resect mischief. The rebellion, as it may be properly termed, of tbe deluded Mormons, has Certainly been effectually qaelled; so far at least as to convince them that in their desert home the are not beyond the limits United States or out of reach of its power. Their vainglorious boastings as to their impregnability in . their mountain fastnesses against any force tbe government could send against them, became mere bombast when the strong arm of the President was raised against them. That such a course was not sooner taken in regard to them was cause of regret to every moralist and true christian ol all denominations in the land, and they accordingly oue and all freely award to Mr. Buchanan the gratitude and thanks to which his prompt and fearless action in the matter so justl entitles bim. Any one not acquainted with the danger of Countenancing or even tolerating such, fanatics and im posters bad better read "Irving Life of Mahomet and his Successors," and tbe absurdity of conferring or allowing such a mas as Brigham Young to exercise political power and bold office uucer the Government wilt be apparent.The efficiency of the arm and navy has uev-er been greater than since Mr. Buchanan's ac- I cession, lne latter especially is at this lime in all respects as to number and quality of its vessels afloat, larger and better than it ever has been before, and iu all parts of the world its flag is constantly displayed for the protection of tbe persons and prpert of our eitizens. Mr. Buchanan's habits are well known. lie is and always has been a practical businessman. To his extraordinary capacity, united to perfect system, order "and regularity, and untiring ap. plication and industry, is he indebted for bis ex-traordioar success io professional and political life. .. . . What an example does his career presebt for the encouragement of s the young man starting ia life. Let him exert himself firmly and persist, ingly in acquiring those fixed habits of regularity and industry and system in his business affairs ia earl life, and as years roll on ha win find his aSilit to despatch business, with con-atatrtly increasing promptness. Thus it is with President Bochaaaa 'ia his management of public aTaIrhe devotes bio self to it with the head aai hand of a mttXet,' 'Whatever the subject may be that is.nader his iuvesliatioa it s tsver dlsaiissd wiiout inprooga.rxaoieauoa. tere is aotti.g snyeM ficial ia rte chareetcr, h!itcry.r aafseedenu of . r . . I the PreaidB, aai cf ia iacests utoAst ari political, j variety of questions 'constantly preseVtsd taVi 1 consideration all receive fnh .nmt- ...A ! decision. It is not, therefore, to be wondered at that tb President, being a practical man himself, and probably performing tumuli a much work aver' twent.four hours as au man 4a the UeiteH States, io or out of oiSce, should hare selected for his cabinet men of similar character aad Ji this respect he has been eminently succeetfkl,- Each and all of the distinguished geatlstaea vha fill these high positions have displayed admirable and unusual administrative ability, and the views of the Chief Magistrate are carried out ia all the Depart menu with commendable Seal and unequalled vigor. " " From the Okie SutMsaaa. Judge Gholson, tho Abolition Candid&U. It seems that Judge Gholson's old friends ia Mississippi tbe State in which he formerly lived, and where be owned slaves and sold them are down upon him for accepting the Abolition lamination io Ohio for Judge, and some of the papers io that State have said pretty hard things of him because of his association with the Abolition party. Judge Gholsoo has a son residing in Mississippi, S. C. G hoi son. Esq who is us-willldg to have his father censured without some vindication and defense, aud the young maa therefore publishes in the Oxford (Miss.) Mercury, a long communication in relation to his father and his poaiuon. Among other things ths) son says: - In 1854, Win. Y. Gholson was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati elected, tt is said, by American or Know Nothing votes. This, I doubt uot, was true, for that part was largely predominating at the time in that city. Yet no alblistion existed between bim and the American coalition) aud I can positively assert that he was not only not a member of it, but that, if my memory serves- me right, he repeatedly expressed his disapproval of secret political organisations T "Personally, my caiA-reoverable and perhaps foolish pert ion al prejudicw would ia4 ana to regret his nomination by 'he late Convention at CclumbuJ, aud that bo did out adbera to tho resolution he formed aocie raonih -,iu'T of rv-turnin,; to th practice of his profnasirwi; but, be it as i may, I would willingly stake all I hokl dear, dearer than life itself, lhar. if elected, h will pertbrta His duties to the true letter and spirit of the law, even to the reuiaading of a negro lawfully claimed to bis master, without deviating to tbe right or to tbe left, for or against tbe rules, regulations, tenets, doctrines or platforms of any faction, sect, uarty or organizattott under the sun. His oath ef office would obligate him to do this, if his sense of honor sad his duty to his fellows did not likewise render it obligatory; and, sir, there is still a little honor left to the world yea, and ia Ohio even, thosgb politicians are hustling it out as fast as the can." It is quite apparent, from the letter of Mr. S. C. Gholson, that some portion of the people a to be desperately cheated if Judge Oholsoa should happen - m e!-a- 'Hia too iJliug stake ki ho that ia lather xuU remand ""f'y slaves, and hence told the Fugitive act a constitutional law, and that, in the discharge of a duiies, he would not be governed by the tenets, doctrines or platforms of the H publican or an other party. If such be the fact, how can Judge Gholson remain a candidate? iie knows that the Abolitionists rebuked Jud;e Hwaa b a defeat because he held the Fugitive Act a constitutional I,w. Iu the language of J udge Spaldir, Judge Swan was u dropped for the reason that it as a judicial officer rccoynutjl the Fugitive Slave Enactment vj 18o0 to be n f binding force i Ohio, and Vu other loo judges who tcere tcittt him in opinion will be dropped in the same tcay so soon as they are readied m the order of time.'' Such are the facts as staled by oue of the toaster men of tbe Republican party. Such are lb views aud opinions of Giddiugs, Chase. 1'enr.i-son. Stone, Ac, Ac, ic., aa to tbe reason for tb rejection of Swan, aud as to the fate that awaits Scotland Peek. Now, bow can Judge GhoUoo, as an honorable man, make the csuvsm wilk a full krowledge of the views and opiukus of tl' leading Republicans as expressed by Judge Spalding, unless he intends to coniucide witli Brinkerhnff and Sutlifff If be does not intend to coincide with them in opinion, be cannot, ia our vie of the subject, continue as a candidate, without loosing bis own self-re pecL Jn the position he oow occupies bis character and good name must suffer exceedingly ainuri? the huuest-thinking portion of tbe people f Ohi-, The Princess and ths Pnsiclan. Few foreigners who were sojourning in Rome during the autumn of 18 cao fail to remember the violent illness of the oau'ifui Princess C i , which suddenly withdrew from tbe brilliant social circles of that city their fairast ornament. The means by wbicb that illustrious lau was restored to health, when givra over by all the taculty in Rome, is not bowev-r so generally known. She owes ber life, and is ever prompt to acknowledge the obligation, io the most distinguished physician of tbe are. Dr. Thomas Hol-loway. . That extraordinary man happened to arrive in tbe "Seven billed City" just at the crisis of her disorder, aud was immediately sutamoned to her palace. He found the Priucess in a sad condition. During an evening drive through tb Campagiia she bad heeu smitten, hr the fearful malaria which sometimes arit-s io poisonous clouds from the adjacent mr he. Tbe couse qannce was a violent bilious a'ls'-k, terminating in jaundice. The lovely face which bad dazzled. all eyes, and eclipsed rivalry at ball and bae- quet, was yellow aa motor, and tbe eyee vbtch had kindled love and admiration in a thousand hearts were duller than lead. ; la a feeble voice she inquired of the doctor what could. be done for ber, at the same time protest ing that if ho : hue that now tin red ber skin were to remain after, her recovery she would rather die thaa live. Smiling at the pardonable vanity ot one waoaw - queenly beauty was the thesne of rwtt traveler who visited Rome, be told ber cheerfully that ber life and her loveliness were both aafe. Ilia pre diction proved tree. Under the inSueece of hie trresistible Fills, the' yellow tucasion began to pass off; and dab day, like a star bartin thmogh a cloud, ber beant wws re-dvelped. Within six. weeks . it was announced that thei Prineess would soon glad -tew tbe eyes of her ad-mirees at an evening festival to take p?ce at her chateau at Tivoli in honor of her recovery. It may well be supoosd that the Priaeesa-would willing have displayed her gratitix oa a marnifient scale, but this Dr. R. woaiJ sot permit. He refused to receive aavthiig, ave a mere souvenir and she presented him wit V a most appropriate eee. It was a dooKIe taiais- tare, set ia emeralds and diamor-d. oca case rrp-resenting the Princess as she Uf epoe her sick hed, 'lSpoiIed br disease f H rt chaxtss, aw the other eentainiojr he Hkeor-e as Va srpea. ed at tbe fete n tee full Wo-w of ifwwd heals and beant. The saeosente was trees rr.'ii t-f a mm ia whieh' werw Vne wHs, ,TTlav ' Toe look at the two ppre lrba if r. mv bne n e 1 et at tuizju n roar- w. cc wrs that Dr. Ui:wsT twnrM s4ie-r tribaa it his sV.-l. VB.f 'S rhi'Irsi'.-jr r . "CWrwr X'.lp. . .