Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1858-08-24

              J i i t r TTJf.' 1J VOLUME 22. MOUNT VERNON, OHIO: TUESDAY, AUGUST: 24, 1853. NUMBER 18. H ; IB PC1L1SBSB VSRV, TVR8JAV. M0BKI3G, IXY I. HAltPJER. flfioe in "Woodward'a Block, TMrd Story. TERMS Two Dollars pr. annom, payable in ad-anos; 2,50 within si n.vnihn 3.00 after the expiration of tho yer.. Clubs of twenty, 1,50 eaoh. rates or irBtrMso: o D - 4-s s o a o B 5- e.l e. $ o. $ o.',$ .'$ e. . 1 IJUflM, - ' 2 t"uare$. - 3 tguaree, - 4 iquarte, - 1 00,1 251 75 2 25 3.00 3 50 4 50 6 JO 1 75 2 25 3 25 4 25 5 25 6 00 6 75 8 00 I I ' I " L- I I 2 50 3 50 4 50 5 05 6 007 00 8 00 10 i f. . - -f ;i 13 50 4 00 5 00C 00.7 00 8 00 10 112 5 1 tquare, chttgeahle monthly, 10; weekly;.., i column, changeable quarterly,.,. ., oolumn, changerble quarterly, i column, changeable quarterly, 1 column, changeable quarterly, S&f Twelve lines of Minien, (this type) are conned as a equare. Editorial notices of advertisements, or calling; i, attention to ny enterprise intended to benefit individuals or corporations, will be charged for at the rate of 10 cents per line. Special notices, before marriages, or takine , precedence of regular advertisements, double usual rates. -. -ST- JTotieos for meetings, charitable sooieties, fire companies, Ac, half-price. Marriage notices inserted for 50 cts ; Deaths .25 oents, unless accompanied by obituaries, which will be charged for at resrular advertising rates. 2ff Advertisements displayed in largo type to be ; charged one-half more than regular rates. -ffAU tranient advertisements to be paid for in advance.' sea Cjjmcc Joctni. ATIIOY 4U CXEOPATIt.l. BY GE!f . VM. H. LYTLE. " lam dyinj, Egypt, dying." SKAKS., I am dying, Egypt, dying, , Ebbs the crimson life-tide fast, And the dark, Plutonian shadows ; Gather on the evening bla?t, I Xet thine arm. oh! Queen . support me, , Tlush thy sobs, and bow thino ear, : Hearken ta the groat hearts sefrets Thou, and thus alone, must hear. Though my scarred and vetorivn lotions Bear their eagles high mrU'ire, And "my wrecked and scattered galleys Ftrew dark Actium's fatal shore. Though no glittering guard surround me, Prompt to do thoir master's will, I mnst perish like a Koman, Die the great triumvir stilT. . X Let not Cassar s s.erviio minions . Mock the lion thus laid low ; 'Twas no foeman's Tiand that slew hirn, 'Twas his ow that. struck the blow. Hear then, pilloweon thy bosom,. ; Fre his star fides (i;ite away, . , Him who, dryok with, thy caresses,-; Madly flung a world away ! - Should the base plebian rabble Dare assail my fame nt Rome. : "Where the nohle spousei Octavia, - Weeps within her widowed home.'. -"" Seek hor, say the G'ids have told me, : Altars, augurs, circling wings, -"'!- - That her: blood With mine cimrtttrngloJ - Yet shall wcunt the throne of Kings.-. And for thee, star-eyed Egyptian! i Glorious Sorceress of the Nile,; Light the path .to Stygian horrors L . "VTith. the splendors of thy smile. Give the Ciesar crowns and arches",1 Let his brow the laurel twine, .1 can scorn the Senate's triumphs, i Triumphing in love like thine. I am dying, Egypt, dying;. '-.--.. Hark:! the insulting fpaman's cry, ' . , --They are. coming- quick, my falchion 1 Let me front them ere I die, Ahl no more amid the battle Shall rny , heart exulting swell, 'Isis and Osiris guard thee, - i Cleopatra! Romel farewell!-... of mm Yrom the Xew Hampthire Patriot. HO RATIO KING: - "We intend, occa8ionallyt to enliven pur col-f nmns with sketches of living notabilities n whom, from their position as well as their personal mer its, we know pur readers will take an interest. In pursuance of this idea, we have given sketch-"es of members of the Cabinet and others, end now design to give a life sketch of the FirstAs.' . sistant Postmastei General. Hoeatio King was born in Paris, Oxford county, Maine. His father was a farmer aud emigrated from Massachusetts. His grandfather was a soldier of the revolution, as were also three of liis ancles, one of whom fell in obtaining our national independence. Like most of the old arid patriotic stock of the revolution and their immediate descendants, these ancestral relatives of his were staunchly democratic; which may, so far as early impressions and training in bending the twig go, account for the political Orthodoxy of the subject of this sketch: ; la the ordinary acceptation of that term, Mr. King has not been' "liberally educated." He bas never been matriculated in one of our nu merous colleges where youtha from every sec-tionof our wide spread Union, of various ages and more various capacities, are " classed ,n and put, pari passu, through the same course of studies in the same length of time, without any reference to their future probable or intended pur. uits in life ; where nearly everything' taoght is Unght theoretically but not practically where memory is not only the chief but almost the sole function of the mind thaUa called into exercise; where at least three fourths of what is learned is usually of little or no practical n'se in after life and, consequently, is soon forgotten I and where, although learned men may be made, practical and useful ones, with a due knowledge of human - nature and of the business of human life,' never can be. And be baa reason to "thank his stars" that sock was the case. In our age aud country inere bookworms are of little use. Men of science are indeed needed and duly prized ; but hematt be practical men, and their .science must be practically useful ; aud very few of this aeacriptTon of persons have ever made any con. siderable portion of their acquirements by being gradnatei at one of our colleges. This is a practical age, and we tie, universal!, a practical' people; and he who seeks, inany pursuit, to acquire success among us, must be a practical man. : . .. . : .. . ' . ' . .,- Mr. King is eminently so. The whole course of his education, mean ing by that word the train ing of mind and body to the fall developement of their, powers and usefulness, has been practical. For the elementary knowledge essential or highly useful to every pursuit in life, such as reading spelling, writing, grammar, arithmetic and geog raphy, there are no better Bchools in the world than the common schools of New England ; and of these, in childhood and early youth, he enjoyed the full benefits ;. and for the practical concerns of , life, a knowledge of human nature, of human character, and the varied transactions of human life and of our politicAl and social conditions and institutions never to be learned or understood in colleges perhaps no one pursuit is so truly and widely useful as that of the practical printer and newspaper editor. At an early age, Mr. Fing went into the office of " The Jeffersonian," a thorough Jackson democratic paper, then published in his native town, for the purpose of acquiring a practical knowledge of the printing business and to befit himself to conduct the paper, in case .he should like the business well enough to purchase the establishment. After being in the office about a year he became, connected with the paper as one of the proprietors, and six months a.fter became sole proprietor ; being then about nineteen years of age; employing a village lawyer at a salary of twelve shillings a week, to assist him in editing the concern. In 1832, he cast his first vote for Gen. Jackspn, and shortly afterwards, assumed the entire editorial management of his paper. Its fifes show him to have been consistent and earnest in his denunciation of South Carolina nullification, and throughout Gen. Jackson's ad ministration J.be Jeffersonian firmly, consistently and energetically supported the Old Hero ; and when Mr. Van I3uren was recalled from England where', during the recess the President trad sent him as minister, by the refusal of the Senate to confirm his: nomination, the Jeffersonian was among the Crst papers in the country to run up his name for the Presidency. In 1S33, the unfortunate division of the de mocraoy of Maine took place; and Mr. King was tudueed to remove his press to Portlaud. The consequence was a sharp family qaarrel on State and local matters, which lasted two or three years, when many of his principal competitors, with their journalist at . their head, went over bodily to the enemy. From first to last, Mr. King has combatted, with like zeal, every scheme which looked toward disunion, whether concocted by the abolition fanatics of the North, or the equally misguided nullifiers and fire eaters of the South. From the commencement of the abolition crusade in 1833, to the termination of his connexion with journalism in Maine, and in his letters since, he has been continually throwing hot shot into their ranks and extxisiriir and il- nouncing their treasonable schemes. lie ton- tinued to edit the Jeffersonian until 183S. when - lie sold the paper, and it was soon after morae-l j in the Eastern Argus, and " may he sail to4 dtili i live"' in the columns of that staunch advocate of democratic principles : and this terminated his professional connexion with the public press. . , But if anything more were wanting to complete: Mr. King's practical education and his knowledge of businessai.d of human nature, what better j school could have been " found than that which be has enjoved in his nearly twenty years connexion with all the various concerns and operations of the Post Office Department ? 1 here, it anywhere, the whole lesson was presented, and by a careful, diligent and intelligent ob-server,. could be thoroughly learned. And in that school, .as" is proved by his successive pro-motions and especially by his eminent fitness for and usefulness in the responsible and important positions which he has occupied, he has been neither an indifferent nor au unsuccessful student. Gifted with a clear head, a quick perception and indomitable industry, coupled with a firm resolution to know thoroughly whatever his actual business or pursuit rendered it necessary or desirable for him to know, and brought continually into business contact with shrewd, practical minds, his practical education has indeed been most complete and effectual. In the fall, of 1838, Mr. King went to Washington to look after a newspaper opening, and not finding one to his mind, finally, in.March', 1839, accepted a clerkship at $1000 per annum in the. Post Office Department, tendered him by the then Postmaster General, Amos Kendall. Thus, at the foot of the ladder, he commenced that connexion Which has proved alike beneficial J to the country and honorable to himself, and from whence he has climbed, every step marked by tia ability and energy, to his present position. For a series of years he wa? Corresponding Clert for New England, in the Contract Office ; a sta tion of considerable responsibility, and requiring for the proper discharge of its duties the closest application, and a large amount of labor. Towards the close of 1850, commenced his connexion with the foreign mail service ; he being at that time transferred to a Corresponding Desk having that matter in charge. Id this connexion his services were and still are of the most beneficial character, and we think have fully entitled him to the lasting gratitude of his country men, by the t success which, under his management, has attended the effort to extend and improve our postal arrangements with foreign nations. In these days, when lines of steamships map the ocean as lines of railroads do the land, when almost every important commercial city of Europe, the jlslands and ; South America have their corresponding connexion with some city of our Union, Whoever really and essentially Inv proves this branch of the aervice, confers a ben-'; efit upon nations, not only our own but others, which not only the present but future genera tioos will not fail to appreciate Up to 1851, no postal conventions bad been entered into with anj European . gorernmenta. except Great Britain and Bremen ; and thus, aa has been well said by another, "aa entirely new field was left to be explored asd' oni Hci, ta view of the various lines of Atlantic steamers, just then projected and becoming more and more objects of interest and attention, opened not on-ly an untried field, but one of vast complications and perplexities. It was to this wide and interesting field of endeavor that he was invited, and the results which have followed are eminently his work. To his comprehensive genius and that characteristic go-ahead tivehess which he possesses in an eminent degree, we are indebted for those splendid results which have, in th'S interval extended pur postal arrangements to every part of the commercial world, and gone hand in hand with the rapidly advancing strides which steam and lightning have taken in every direc tion." Here Mr. King found scope for every latent energy of his mind. He was obliged to familiarize himself with statistics and with a vast range of inquiries not heretofore made in this country. He found the postal arrangements al ready made with Great Britain and Bremen, imperfect and unsatisfactory. They were revised and improved. Besides this, postal arrange ments were soon in rapid succession effected with Canada, Prussia, the West Indies, several of the South American States, and more recently, with France and Hamburg. In giving credit for these things to the subject of this sketch, we do not at all detract from nor depreciate the merits or services of his official superiors. They are justly entitled to the gener al credit of these important arrangements, in the same degree that the President enjoys the credit of a successful administration of the affairs o( the government. In both cases, the laborious details are planned, arranged and perfected by assistants and advisers ; yet as the responsibility mainly attaches to the head, so the general credit should follow. But this detracts no whit from the merits or the just appreciation of the laborious and intelligent .subordinate, who ascertains facts, systematizes and arranges details, and in fact gets up the entire matter, which the superior has only to examine and sanction. And in this respect Mr. King, in the matter of these postal arrangements, is entitled to . the very highest credit; as no one could perform the duties of his position with more correctness and ability. . In the spring of 1854, on the death of Major Hobbie, . Mr. King, without solicitation on bi3 part, was appointed to his present office of First Assistant Postmaster General; and it is no slight praise, to him to say that in tnis new position he has in every respect equalled, and in some excelled, his distinguished predecessor- To his subor dinates-and we speak from personal experience he is considerate, kind and obliging; requiring of them, as he should, to have all the business entrusted to them promptly and properly done and their work kept up, but never - acting captiously, nor finding fault needlessly. And his success in dealing with so many men of all parties and all positions in life,, without making enemies,, is remarkable. '.It may, perhaps, te ac- : counted for in two ways; that he .has no personal interest to subserve in what is done, and mani- "festly cares only to know and to do what is right; ati'l that when obliged to refuse what is asked.he reiiinibprs and puts in practice the old 6aying thaL "to refuse kindly what is asked of you is it self a boon," - ' .', . " As a public officer, Mr. King in indefatigable and devotes his whole time and all the energies of his mind and body to the duties of his posi. tion. His constant endeavor is to have the work of the people, so far as he is concerned, well and faithfully performed, His efforts to protect the Department against fraud and loss of revenue, have been persistent. Especially has he labored to defeat all attempts to use the mail without paying for the privilege, in contravention of the law, and to the detriment of an already overburdened; Department. As one of the many evidences of his persistency tnthis matter, we mention the fact of his sitting up all night and laboring in the House of Representatives to secure the passage of the present law requiring prepayment of postage on letters; which was actually passed at 5 o'clock on a Sunday morning. - We believe the law requiring prepayment by stamps, on tran" sient printed matter, was also drafted by him; and no one having any acquaintance with our postal affairs, will need be told that this law ef fects a large saving to the Department, both ira respect to the weight of mails and the extra amount of postage recei ved We think there are few men in the country at all acquainted with him, who would have the hardihood to approach Mr. King with a dishon orable proposition of any kind. The reputation for stern integrity, and the possession of it, in a place like that filled by him, are of the very highest importance; and. in both respects, he 13 en tirely Buited to the place. His memory, too, of what has transpired in the Department since his connexion with it, is remarkable, and shows thatj unlike many officials hie has not been satisfied With the simple performance of the routine duties of his office, but has had an intelligent eye to the whole operations of the Department, and a vivid and long enduring recollection of whatever has transpired under bis own particular supervision. " ' ' ' Nor, while constantly, immersed in business since the early age of nineteen, has Mr. King neglected the pursuits of literature or of science; but is a good proficient in both. Every leisure boar has been sedulously devoted to the acquirement of knowledge; and as one of the fruits, he has acquired a competent knowledge of the French language worth more, for the practical business of human life, than all the Latin and Greek ever taught in our colleges, and so Dartic ularly useful, nay so indispensable, in bis pres cut position. As a writer, his style ia terse, simple, vigorous and manly. His points are clear, bis arguments pertinent and forcible, and .his language choice and caaste. Hs an example of his style, aud to show his estimate of the duties of public men and the importance of having" pure and honest men in all places of public trust, we give the following extract from an address delivered by him before the Washington Union Literary Society, Jaly 4, 1841 :-- ,.- ; v.; :- . .. ,' ....... "Our public' men njusi set for tLeir ctmairf. In their efforts for personal, or party aggrandize tnent, they must notrlose sigbt of the great prin ciples on which alone we have. to depend for tie preservation of liberty. . The power ot moral intellect placed us m possession., of pur independence; bv that alone can , we. i maintain it. The example of unflinching moral. virtue in the pub lic men of a country.exerts upon the people a mighty influence, which can be fully measured only by the contrast presented, when vice becomes the cou trolling motive of the instruments of government. The-eyes pf the people are upon their public servants., .While the purity and splendor of moral virtues are respected and admired even by the depraved, vice, always and everywhere, carries with it a blighting and withering influence, and is loathsome even. to its fol lowers. Political honesty, stern and unbending, never can have an. abiding place, except in close communion with moral uprightness." , We could not well forbear copying the above, because the man evidently speaks from the hear1 his heartfelt convictions., . As a politician, Mr. King has been, always, a firm, consistent, unflinching democrat of the State rights school; though not ultra. He has always deprecated the slavery agitation, fraught as it is with danger to the Union; and has lent a willing and hearty Tiupport to every democratic administration since he has been old enough to exercise the privileges of a . citizen. Upon the subject of slavery; we. quote: from a letter written by him to the Portland Argus, during the last Presidential Campaign:. . - ,, r 'The people of the free states nust be better informed with reference to" the real condition of the negro in a State of . bondage, as he is. at the South, compared with his condition in barbarism where slavery found him. They must also re collect that, whether an evil or a bleasinj the institution of African slavery is not one for which the people of the Southern States are responsible. . It was forced upon, the South, in .common with other States of. the Union, originally, by Great Britain, and it has descended, to the present generation from their ancestor?. Undr such circumstances, they must not reproach their brethren of the South as deficient in true Chris tian spirit, simply because they may . happen to be the .owners of slaves. On the other hand, the people of the South mnst not expect those of the North, who from their cradle have been taught to bel ieve slavery an evil, to turn round and pronounces it an nbo!nte blpssinw. hi a ror,l, with rfHard to thit vexed suJ'jWt, ImtJi the Kortk and the South must come to the . firm de-termiunfioit fn xetkand practice ioxrards 'each ofh er, a broad. Christian, brotherly charity. "State rights must be sacredly observed and maintain-ed.'.. . :'---.' ",.''; ..'.'; '.::"- : These sound views are characteristic of the man. They argue an enlarged patriotism and a reasonable," sensible understanding of the subject, in its bearings upon both sections of the country. They invoke mutual conciliation and .harmony, Youfd that more of conciliation was practiced; would that more tolerance exis. Jed.j Then would we have more harmony and lew danger for the future of ojy country. We will only add, that in laying before the public this sketch of the career and character of Mr. King, we have a double object in view;' to render a just tribute to his merits, and to hold him. op as an example to the youth of our country, j Born arid bred under circumstances which gave him no greater advantages than are enjoyed by a large majority of the youthful population of our Union; by his own energy, industry and perseverance, he has attained a station and made for himself f name and a reputation, of which any man may well be proud. And he has done so, because he has, diligently and untiringly, used the means, and the only sure means, to ac complish those ends. Our country has its thou sands, nay, jts - tens of thousands of youth, as richly gifted by nature and as much favored by circumstances as was the subject of this sketch, and who, by the use of the same means, may at' tain equally desirable results. r anne The Telegraph Across the Atlantic How it will be Worked.. The New York Times, in a history of the Telegraph, gives the following information how the Telegraph across the Atlautic.will be worked: The Battery to be used in Telegraphing. The primary source of. the influence which will be charged with the service of Atlantic Tele graph will be a giant voltaic battery, of ten capacious cells, which may appropriately termed the "Whitehouse Laminated or Perpetual Main tenance Battery," on account of the one marked peculiarity which especially fits it for the em ployment it is designed for. , Th?3 battery is made upon the Smee principle, so far as the adoption of platinized silver and zinc for its plates is concerned; but it differs from every form of combination that has hitherto been in use, in having the plates of each cell so subdi vided into subordinate portions, that any one of these, may be taken away from the rest for the purpose of renewal or repair; without the ac tion .of the rest of the excited surface of the cell being suspended for a single moment ' The battery, in fact, may be entirely renewed a hun dred times without its operation baving been troubled with even a passing intermission. So long as a fair amount of attention is given to the renewal of its zinc element, piecemeal, it is indeed, literally exhaustless and permanent. This very desiraqle quality is secured by a singularly 'simple and ingenious contrivance. The cell it8elf is formed of a quadrangular trough of guvia j percna, wooa strengtnenea outside, in which dilute acid is contained, the proportion of acid to water being one part in 15 or 16. There are grooves in the gutta purcha into which several metal plates slide, in a vertical position. These plates are silver and zinc alternately, but they are pairs of plates, in an electrical sense. Each zvnc plate rests; firmly at the bottom on a long bar of zinc, which runs from end to end of the trough above, the whole of the silver bet ing thus virtually united into one continuous surface of equal extent to the face of the zinc. The zinc does not reach as high as the upper longitudinal bar," and the, silver does not hang down as low as the inferior- logitudioal bar. The battery is thus composed of s single pair of laminated plates, although to the eye it seems to be made up of several pairs of plates. Nature has set the example of arranging - an ex- tended surface wto redupticaiiin'g folds when - ! '- -- ", ' ' - it is required that such surface shall be packed away in a narrow space at the same time that a large acting area is preserved, in the laminated antennae of the cock chafer. The antennae, indeed, are the types of the Whitehouse battery. If any one of these reduplicated segments of either kind of metal is removed, the remaining portion continues its action steadily, the effect merely ieing the same that would be produced if a fragment of an ordinary pair of plates were temporarily cut away. The silver laminae are of considerable thickness, and securely "plati-nated" all over that is, platinum is thrown down upon their surfaces in a compact metallic form, and not merely in the black pulverulent state; consequently they are almost exempt from wear. Each zinc lamina is withdrawn as soon as its amalgamation is injuriously affected, or so soon aa its own substance is mainly eaten away by the action of the chemical menstruum in which it is immersed, : and a freshly amalgamated, or new zinc lamina, is inserted.into its place". The capability of the piecemeal renewal of the consumptive element of the battery in this in terpolatory and fragmentary way is then the cause of its "perpetual' maintaining" power. The intensity of a voltaic arrangement depeuda upon the number of its pairs of plates, or cells. If, in the experiment, the intensity of the electricity had been increased without any alteration of quantity, of merely by multiplying the num. ber of the. cells engaged, or by some analagous modification of instrumental agency, the body which resisted the current of th battery with such complete effect, would have been flashed through and burnt up, like the fragment of metal that had .inferior powers of resistance. New Device to avoid ja Destruction of the Uletal. The flashes of light and crackling sparks produced on making and breaking contact with the poles of this great battery, ure very undesirable phonomena in one particular. They are accompanied by a considerable waste of metal of the pole. Each spark is really a considerable fragment of the metar absorbed into itself by the electrical agent, so to speak, and flown away with by it. To avoid this danger, an ingenious contrivance of the Electrician of the Company will be used. First he arranged a set of twenty brass springs, something of the formand appearance of the keys of a musical instrument in opposite pairs, so that a round horizontal bar, turning pivot-ways on its centre, and flattened at the top, could lift by an edge either of the sets of ten springs; right or left, as it was turned. This enabled the contact to be distributed through the entire length and breadth of the brass springs, and the course of the current to be reversed accordingly as the right or left edge (the bar being worked by a crank-handle) was raised to the right or left of the springs the right "set, it will be under; stood, being the representatives of one of the poles -of the battery, and the left set of the Other pole. By this arrangement four fifths of the sparks were destroyed, simply on account of the large surtace of metal through which the electrical current had to pass when contact was completed. Still there remained enough to constitute a very undesirable residue. This was disposed of finally, after sundry tentative attempts, by coiling a piece of fine platinum wire and placing it in a porcelain vessel of water, and then leaving this fine platinum coil in constant communication with the. opposite poles. The bat: tery is unquestionably one of the .most economical that has ever been set to work, considering the amount of service it is able to perform. It is calculated that the co?t of maintaining the ten-celled battery ia operation at the terminal stations on either side of the Atlantic, including all wear and tear and consumption of material, will not exceed one shilling per hour. Transmission of the Current. The primary vokaic curreut procured from this battery, will be used - to "stimulate and call np "the energies of those fleeter messengers, electrical in nature, by the aid of which alone can the message be expedited, -v The voltaic current therefore passes to a silk covered wire, in innumerableicoils, enveloping a bar of soft iron immediately sheathed in gutta-purcha, Several miles of this fine wire (No. 20,) are twined about this iron centre; then comes another .coat of gutta-percha, then another coil of wire, thicker this time, (No. 14.) and 1J miles in length. The voltaic current, passing through tbe.wires and reaching the iron "core, converts it into a powerful magnet, exciting a current of electrici ty, which is delivered to the No. 20 coil, and thence to the cable, whence it departs on its transatlantic voyage. . Electricity having thus produced in the first instance magijetism, and magnetism haviog ' reproduced electricity, t transmissive power is obtained, which thaorigi nal current did not possess. ' . The Receiving. Instrument. . r The transmission current generated in these double induction coils, on reaching the further side of the Atlantic, will of course have become somewhat faint and weak from the extent of the journey it has performed. It will not therefore be set in this state to print or to hard work; but it will be thrown into a- sort of nursery, known as the receiving instrument, where its flagging energies will be restored. '- The conducting strand of the cable will be here made continuous with a coil of wire,, surrounding a bar of soft iron which, will become a temporary, magnet, strong in proportion .to the number of turns in the coil, . whenever the current passes. This temporary magnet will have its precise polarity determined by the direction in which the electrical current passes along the wire. , The pole which will be north when the current passes in one direction, irill be south when the current runs the opposite way. The apparatus relied upon by the Company to effecttthis object is an improvement upon the' relay magnet, which fig ured in, Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstona's patent. The advantage of it is, that the temporary msg. net has no other work to do than to make the small permanent magnet traverse upon its al most frictionlesa pivot. On account of thU peccliarity of construction, it possess3 the ut- i most sensibility. It may be put into vigorous ; actioa" by a slxfeacej and n frs rritct' ff.f!X placed on the moist tongue. When two or three of these instruments are scattered about in the room where the large double induction coils are at work, they are then merely traversing upon their pivots, obediently to the magnetic attraction of the great bars, having their, magnetism snccessfullyrever8ed some two oj .three yards away, and curiously enough, are sympathetically recording at such times, precisely the. same six nals and messages that the great magnets are sending off through the transmission coils. . The Recording Machinery The actual recording work of the telegraph will be performed by the ordinary instrument of Professor Morse. In this recording instrument a ribbon of paper is unrolled from a hallow cylinder or drum by a train of clock work, and as it is unrolled, a sharp style, magnetically direc ted, indents a series of dots or lines upon the paper. When the style is thrust down, ouly for an instant, as the paper is dragged beneath a dot is impressed. When it is kept down fora little more than an instant, a lengthened line or dash is left on the onward moving . paper as a track. But bow is the style 'thus magnetically controlled?; It is held up by a strong spri ng. Beneath it there is a soft iron har, which becomes a magnet whenever a voltaic current is turned on from the local batter along a coil surrounding it. Whenever the soft iron bar becomes a magnet, it is stronger than the spring, and drags down the style to make its dot or dash, as the case may be. When it ceases to be a magnet, the springs comes into play, -and lifts the style up, so that the paper traverses on beneath, traceless and free. The style is held down an instant, or more than an instant, accordingly as an instantaneous er as a prolonged current is sent from the transmission coil, and therefore from the local recording battery through the short circuit, for as it has been seen, the two will be in magnetic and electrical rapport, although severed by the Atlantic's breadth, . There will be only one conducting strand laid down in the Atlantic, but yet enough distinct signals can be transmitted by this oue wire, to accommodate all the letters of the alphabet and the several numerals. When a message is sent across the Atlantic, the crank handle of the mighty battery will be worked backward and forward, making its contacts instantaneous or prolonged. When they are instantaneous, dots will be formed on the paper ribbon by the re cording style at the other side . of the .Atlantic; when they are protracted, dashes will be traced there. Words "will be spelt according-to the way in which instantaneous .and protracted contacts, and therefore dots and dashes, are caused to succeed each other. The trace on the paper in America will correspond to the movement of the hand in Great Britain, or vice versa. The clerks who attend at the recording instrument become so, expert in their curious hieroglyphics that they do not need to look at the printed re cord to know what the message under reception is; the recording instrument has for them an intelligible articulate language. They understand its speech. They can close their eyes, and listen to the strange clicking that is goinff on cloce to their ear, while the printing is in progress, and at once say wlat it all means. r ' Origin of the Oceanic Telegraph. The idea of an electric telegrapb across the Atlantic wa3 broached and discussed some years ago in England; but no effective step win taken to carry it into execution. It is but fair, how ever, to mention that the formation of the New York, New Foundland, and London Telegraph Company, in 1854. grew out of the failure of a company which preceded it, called the Newfoundland Telegraph Company, organized in 1852, by Mr. Frederic Gishorne, for the purpose of connecting St. Johns, Newfoundland, wi;h the continent of America, and which was incorporated by the Legislature of Newfoundland, and sustained for a short time by one or more capi tatists in this city. -These having suddenly withheld their support at a very early stilge of the operations of the Company, the undertaking collapsed, leaving Mr. Gisborne in circumstances of great embarrassment; after having not only at great personal hazard and with much labor explored the route across the island in 1811, but in the two succeeding years devoted his time, means, and energy to the prosecution" of the work. It was amid the difficulties and embarrassments in which be wa placed that Mr. G is borne, in the winter of 1854, brought, the matter under the notice of Mr. Cyrus W. Field, who took it in hand, enlisted powerful --allies in its support, and obtained a new and much more extended charter from the Government of Newfoundland, havin? reference not only to the con nection of that inland with this continent, but with Europe. Mr. Gisborne acted as the engineer of the company in the completion of the line across Newfoundland. -- As yet, however, no actual progress had been made towards estab lishing the ocean Telegraph; and it wa not on-til the autumn of 1856, when Mr. Field, who bad proceeded to England for the purpose, by great exertions and perseverance succeeded in effecting the formation of a distinct company for accomplishing this- costly and hazardous en; terprise. . Of this company, in which he took a very large portion of the stock, he-has been the life and soul. At the -earnest and -repeated solicitation of the shareholders who committed their interests entirely to his care, he ascumed the chief management; and to his ardor and devotion to the canse, to his indomitable energy un der successive disasters, in the face of which it seemed madness to persevere, the final triumph-aot success, under : Providence, is due; and to bim is cheerfully paid, by two grateful nations, the high honor he so eminently dfSTVfw Earey on "Blinkers " - Mr. Rarey having been asked his opinion with regard to the use of ''blinkers" on horses, replies in a communication to the. London Timet , in which he states that bis experience with and observation of horses prove clearly that "blink ers" should not. be ued, and that the sight of the horse, tor many . reasons, should not be in terfered with in any. way." Horses are oalv fearful of objects whXeh they do not uoders'anl r are -not Jamiliar, with, and the eye is one of the principal mediums by which. this nnderstand- ing and this familiarity are brought about.: e They can be broken in less- time and iettr without blinkers, and driven past objects which usually startle them, with far. more safetv when the eve has an osportunity to examine the ob ject fully. - The horse is a better judge of dia. tanees than man, ana u allowed the free use of his eyes, would avoid collisions frequently cans ed by, the carelessness of his. driver. : Mr. Rarey states that the une of blinkers is rapidly disarv. peari"!!' in tha United States, and predict ia. .creased usefulness in the horse when, this f'jUf of the moeteenta eestarj is aboliihed u JJiu- umonst. Itg- "I'm losing flesh," as the butcher said when he saw a man robbing a cart. tWhat is worse than raining cats and dogs? Hailing cabs and omnibuses! :. u lw . SS? If seven days make one week, bow many days will make one strong? . . , f . 4- The modern style of wearing the hair very short, would seem to make all the barbers poll barers. 6y What is the difference between a bare head and a hair bed? One flees for shelter and the other is a shelter for flees. Z&" Why does an aching tooth impose si. lence on the sufferer? Because it makes bim hold his jaw. itSS" "I say, "sonny, where does that right hand road go to?" 4,It ain't been anywhere since we've been here," was the boy's reply. A paragraph ha? bee : going the rounds about a lady who has a mustache on her lip. It is not uncommon foryoung ladies to have moustaches on their lips, but rare that they grow there. fST": Take a company "of boys chasing butter, flies; put long-tailed coats op the boy sf and turn , the butterflies into guineas, and you have a beautiful panorama of the world. t& An Irishman being asked, on a rainy day "hat he would take to carry a message from Bull's Head to the Battery, answered; .-'I'd take a coach." . aQJ" A man advertises for a competent person to undertake the sail of a new medicine, and frankly adds that 'it will be profitable to the undertaker.'t&y Ask a woman to a tea-party in the Garden of Eden, aud she'd be sure to draw op ber eyelids and scream, "I can't go without a new gown." CSy Query jor. Underground Jlailroad Con- dvctors. Which is -the best, to keep a negro in the south to pick cotton, or to send him to Cana da to pick pockets. ... t? A person who had become rather dissipated was accused of having a loose character. "I wish it were loose," said he, "I'd soon shake it off." What is the difference between a cat and a document? One has paws at the end of its claws, and the other has pauses at the end of its clauses. . tof An Irishman in France was drinking wkh some company who proposed the toast, "The land we live in." "Aye, with all my soul, me dear," said he, "poor ould Ireland!" - ', S&" A- lady in Boston recently t cleared her house of flies by putting honey on her husband's whiakeT3 when he was asleep. The flies stuck fast, and when he went out of the house, he carried them of with it. . . "Father," said a. little fellow, "I shan't send you any wedding cake when I get married." "Why so?" was the inquiry. Because," answered the little fellow, you didn't send me any of yours." - . ' - . BcS A pastor of one of the Hartford churches last Sunday, just before benediction, desired his flock during the hot weather, before coming ta church, to look at their Bible, instead of their thermometers. . . . . CST A writer from the "Tip-Top House," lit. Washington, who with others reached there in a rain storm, saj3 that after dinner tbev sat around-a charcoal fire, counted noses and found that the party consisted of five rain dears And twelve ram beaux. .' . Iu reply to Mrs. Julsa Braces resolution in the Vermont Free love Convention, that "the matrimonial contract deprives woman of her labor," the Nashville Banner wickedly retorts, "This is a slight mistake; it is only by marrying that woman come to legitimate labor." . At a bar dinner, Mr. Sam Ewing, a. lawyer, and a great punster, was called upon for a song, and while hesitating, Judge Uopkinson observed, that at the pest, it would be but Sam (psalm) singing. "Well," replied Ewing, "even that would do better than him (hymn) singing," .-Kay1 A modern writer says: It may seem strange, but it is a fact, that men generally are much more afraid of women than women are of men.' Brown tremarks that the fact, is not 'strange' at allj for in both cases the fear is proportioned to the danger. Candid, but ucgallant. . It was Cobbett who said and be told the truth, too that woman is never so amiable as when she is useful; and as for beauty, though a man may fall in love with girls at play, there is nothing to make them stand in their love like seeing them at work, engaged in the useful offi ces of the home and family. ... .f t&" A few days since a verdant youth with . his blushing bride, arrived at one of the principal hotels in this city. The bead of the family immediately registered his name a"S. B. Jones and lady, Albany, on a bridU toioer." Is not this a new way to inform the public that you are in the hymenial halter? Zta? An eccentric wealthy gentleman stack up a board in a field upon his estate, on which was painVed the following: .''I will give this field to any man who is contented." He soon bad, an applicant. "Well, sir; are you a contented man?" "Yes, sir, very." "Then what do yoa want with my field?" The applicant did not reply. . 2V"I shan't be with you a great while Jan, r said Mr. Melter, "how can you talkeo?" said Mrs. Maker, with a lugubrious expression, of face. ' "Because. said she, "I feel as if I was most gone, and that I am just passing a way like.,, cloud before the rising sun, Mr. Melter rrifj ed bis prophecy the next day by running away, with a buxom and sympathising feminine- neigh bor. . ' . - .: tS3" When the streets of IedrasspoHa were perfect glare of ice, a lady pedestrian lost let balance and fell. A genuine son of the Greq Isle, who, on assisting to raise the lady, excklcj ed: . : ir - ' - - v t "Faith, T must be a lovely good lady; fc- don't the Blessed Bouk teach us thai U ii C